Citizendia

Flag of the Philippines Flag of the United States Filipino American
Cristeta ComerfordAntonio M. Taguba
Veronica De La CruzAllan Pineda
Notable Filipino Americans:
Cristeta Comerford, Maj.Gen. Antonio Taguba, Veronica De La Cruz, and Allan Pineda
Total population

4,000,000[1]
1. Cristeta Comerford (born 1962 is the White House Executive Chef as of 2005 Antonio Mario Taguba (born October 31 1950 is a retired major general in the United States Army. Veronica De La Cruz is a Filipino American television anchor with CNN News 5% of the US population (2007)

Regions with significant populations
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Washington, Chicago, Northeast, West Coast, Southern U.S.
Languages
American English, Tagalog, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Bikolano , Visayan languages, others
Religions
Predominantly Roman Catholic; minorities of Protestantism, Islam, Atheism, Agnosticism, Buddhism, and other. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U The Western United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American West or simply the West &mdashtraditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page Kapampangan is one of the major Languages of the Philippines. The Pangasinan language (Pangasinan salitan Pangasinan; Spanish: idioma pangasinense, sometimes called Panggalatok belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian For the languages spoken in Bicol Region, see Languages of Bicol. The Visayan languages of the Philippines, along with Tagalog and Bikol, are part of the Central Philippine language family In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Atheism Agnosticism ( Greek: α- a-, without + γνώσις gnōsis, knowledge after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices [1]

Filipino Americans are Americans of Philippine ancestry, which trace back to the Philippines, an archipelagic nation in Southeast Asia. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian [2]

The Filipino American (Fil-Am for short) community is the second largest Asian American subgroup and the largest Southeast Asian American group. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian Filipino Americans are also the largest subgroup of the Overseas Filipinos. An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines. [3]

In 2007, the Filipino American community was estimated to be at 4 million, or 1. 5% of the United States population. [1] More than half of the community are either naturalized or American-born, while the remainder are Filipino nationals or dual citizens of both the Philippines and the United States. Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a Citizen under the laws of more than one state. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [4]

Contents

Culture

Background

See also: History of the Philippines and Culture of the Philippines

Filipino culture is a combination of indigenous Austronesian civilizations and influences of Hispanic and American cultures. Timeline of Philippine history The History of The Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via Land bridges at least The culture of the Philippines reflects the complexity of the History of the Philippines through the blending of cultures of diverse indigenous civilizations with characteristics Small Chinese and Islamic contributions are also seen and portrayed.

Culturally, the Philippines is the most Westernized country in Asia, a legacy of over three centuries of Spanish and 50 years of American colonial rule. Westernization or occidentalization (from occident, see wiktionary) is a process whereby societies come under or adopt the Western Filipino culture has taken a Latin and Catholic flavor from Spain, which ruled the country for centuries. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Today, most Filipinos are distinguishable from other Asians by having a Hispanic and Hispanic-sounding name and/or surname (see: Catálogo alfabético de apellidos), by practicing the Catholic religion, and by speaking English and (to an extent) Spanish. The Catálogo alfabético de apellidos (Alphabetical Catalog of Surnames is a book of Surnames published in the Philippines in the mid-19th century English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Settlement

Further information: Saint Malo (Louisiana) and List of U.S. cities with large Filipino American populations
Philippine Center in New York City
Philippine Center in New York City

The first permanent Filipino settlement in North America was established in 1763 in Saint Malo, Louisiana. Saint Malo was a small fishing village that existed in St Bernard Parish Louisiana on the shore of Lake Borgne from the mid 18th century into the early 20th century This article is a list of US cities with large Filipino American populations. The Philippine Center is a Building that houses the Philippine Consulate General in New York City. Saint Malo was a small fishing village that existed in St Bernard Parish Louisiana on the shore of Lake Borgne from the mid 18th century into the early 20th century The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Other settlements appeared throughout the bayous of Louisiana with the Manila Village in Barataria Bay being the largest.

Mass migration, however, occurred at around the end of the Nineteenth century, when the demand for labor in the plantations of Hawaiʻi and farmlands of California attracted thousands of mostly male laborers. Due to their isolation and enforced segregation, the migrants created the first Little Manilas in urban areas. Little Manila (also known as Manilatowns or Filipinotowns) is term that refers to a community with a large Filipino expatriate and descendant population

Unlike, other Asian Americans, such as the Chinese and the Vietnamese, they, have had a tendency to settle in a more dispersed fashion, living in communities across the country, many of them living in communities with a highly diverse population. Chinese Americans ( Chinese: 华裔美国人 are Americans of Chinese descent A Vietnamese American (người Mỹ gốc Việt is a resident of the United States who is of Vietnamese heritage The vast majority of them live in the suburbs or in master planned communities. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically

In areas with sparse Filipino populations, they often form loosely-knit social organizations aimed at maintaining a sense of "family", a key feature of Filipino culture. Such organizations generally arrange social events, especially of a charitable nature, and keep members up-to-date to local events. While these events are well-attended, the associations are otherwise a small part of the Filipino American life.

There are also instances where Filipino Americans form close-knit neighborhoods of their own, especially in California and Hawaiʻi. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the A few townships in these parts of the country have established "Little Manilas", civic and business districts tailored for the Filipino American community. Little Manila (also known as Manilatowns or Filipinotowns) is term that refers to a community with a large Filipino expatriate and descendant population

One out of every four Filipino Americans, numbering over 1 million, make their home in Southern California[5]. Southern California, or So Cal, is defined as the southern portion of the U Greater Los Angeles is the metropolitan area home to the most Filipino Americans, with the population numbering around 370,000. The Greater Los Angeles Area, or the Southland, (not to be confused with the Los Angeles Metro Area which includes only Los Angeles and Los Angeles County alone accounts for over 262,000 Filipinos, the most of any single county in the U. Los Angeles County is a county in California and is by far the most populous county in the United States. S. The City of Los Angeles designated a section of Westlake as Historic Filipinotown. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Westlake is a district in Los Angeles California. It should not be confused with Westlake Village, an independent municipality in Los Angeles County near Historic Filipinotown, is a district of Los Angeles California, that lies within the communities of Echo Park and Westlake. San Diego County is second place in the nation, with nearly 200,000 Filipinos[6]. San Diego County is a County located on the Pacific Ocean in the far southwest of the U In addition, San Diego is the only metropolitan area in the U. S. where Filipinos constitute the largest Asian American nationality. A portion of California State Route 54 in San Diego is officially named the "Filipino-American Highway", in honor of the Filipino-American Community. State Route 54 is a California State Highway in San Diego that connects Interstate 5 to the city of El Cajon.

San Francisco also has a large Filipino American community while metropolitan areas such as Chicago, Houston, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Washington, D.C. and Seattle are also seeing dramatic growth in their Filipino populations. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally Phoenix (ˈfiːˌnɪks O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdo, Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The entire state of Hawaii had a Filipino population of 275,000 (2000 Census).

New York City is home to 215,000 Filipinos. The City of New York [7]. It annually hosts the Philippine Independence Day Parade, which is traditionally held on the first Sunday of June at Madison Avenue. The Philippine Independence Day Parade is a celebration for the Filipino American community in the Northeast United States home to more than half a million Filipinos The celebration occupies nearly twenty-seven city blocks which includes a 3. 5-hour parade and an all-day long street fair and cultural performances. Devout attendees include Mayor Michael Bloomberg and Senator Charles Schumer. Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and the Mayor of New York City. Charles Ellis "Chuck" Schumer (born November 23, 1950) is the senior U

In June of 2002, Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and representatives of U. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. S. President George W. Bush presided over the grand opening and dedication of the Filipino Community Center in Waipahu, Hawaiʻi. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The Filipino Community Center, or " FilCom Center " in Waipahu, Leeward Oahu; is a tribute to the visionary spirit of the Filipino Waipahu is a former sugar plantation town and now Census-designated place (CDP located in the Ewa District on the island of O{{okina}}ahu in the City & County It is the largest Filipino American institution in the United States, with the goal of preserving Filipino American history and culture.

Language

Tagalog language spread in the United States.
Tagalog language spread in the United States.
Main article: Languages of the Philippines

There are over 170 languages in the Philippines of which have thousands of Spanish loan words in 170 indigenous Philippine languages; almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. Of all of these languages, only 2 are considered official in the country, at least 10 are considered major and at least 8 are considered co-official. Filipinos speak Tagalog, Bikolano, Visayan languages, Ilokano, Kapampangan and other Philippine languages at home. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. For the macrolanguage Bikol see Bikol languages. Bikol refers to Central Bicolano (also known as Bikol Central The Visayan languages of the Philippines, along with Tagalog and Bikol, are part of the Central Philippine language family To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page Kapampangan is one of the major Languages of the Philippines. In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. However, an overwhelming majority of Filipinos are fluent in English since it is one of the official languages in the Philippines and many Filipino American parents urge their children to enhance their English-language skills. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP

Tagalog is the fifth most-spoken language in the United States, with 1. 262 million speakers. [8] The standardized version of this language is officially known as Filipino. Filipino is the national and an Official language of the Philippines as designated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Many Filipino American civic organizations and Philippine consulates offer Filipino language courses.

Many of California's public announcements and correspondences are translated into Tagalog due to the large constituency of Filipino Americans in the Golden State. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Tagalog is also taught in public schools as a foreign language course, as well as in higher education. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Another significant Filipino language is Ilokano, which is taught in school as a foreign language course. To view the Ilokano edition of this Wikipedia article select from the in other languages section to the side of this page

Fluency in Tagalog, Ilokano, Visayan and in the other languages of the Philippines tend to be lost among second- and third-generation Filipino Americans since many immigrants already come to the U. In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. S with a knowledge of English. This has sometimes created a language barrier between older and younger generations.

Religion

Main article: Religion in the Philippines

Filipino American religious beliefs and values are rooted in their Christian heritage. There are a number of Religions that exist in the Philippines. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth This is caused by the introduction, and subsequent adoption, of Catholicism and Christian values by Filipinos as a result of nearly 400 years of Spanish colonial rule. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described

In New York, the first-ever Church for Filipinos, San Lorenzo Ruiz Church, is hosted by the city. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous It is named after the first saint from the Philippines, San Lorenzo Ruiz. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, aka San Lorenzo de Manila (1600 &ndash September 29, 1637) is the first Filipino Saint ( Protomartyr This is officially designated as the Church for Filipinos in July 2005, the first in the United States, and the second in the world, after a church in Rome. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 [9]

There are other religious faiths with smaller numbers of Filipino American adherents, including various Protestant denominations, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, and Hinduism. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Atheism and Agnosticism also exist, though not popular.

Education

Filipino Americans have some of the highest educational attainment rates in the United States with 47. 9% of all Filipino Americans over the age of 25 having a Bachelor's degree, which correlates with rates observed in other Asian American subgroups. [10]fig. 11 The recent wave of Filipino professionals filling the education, healthcare, and information technology shortages in the United States also accounts for the high educational attainment rates.

Educational Attainment: 2004 (Percent of Population 25 and Older)[10]fig. 11
EthnicityHigh School Graduation RateBachelor's Degree or More
Filipinos90. 2%47. 9%
Chinese80. 8%50. 2%
Japanese93. 4%43. 7%
Koreans90. 2%50. 8%
Whites88. 6%29. 7%
Total US Population83. 9%27. 0%

In California, Filipino Americans are more likely to graduate from college than their Asian American counterparts. Due to the strong American influence in the Philippine education system, first generation Filipino immigrants are also an advantage in gaining professional licensure in the United States. According to a study conducted by the American Medical Association, Philippine-trained physicians comprise the second largest group of foreign-trained physicians in the United States (20,861 or 8. 7% of all practicing international medical graduates in the U. S. ). [11] In addition, Filipino American dentists, who have received training in the Philippines, also comprise the second largest group of foreign-trained dentists in the United States. In an article from the Journal of American Dental Association, 11% of all foreign-trained dentists licensed in the U. S. are from the Philippines; India is ranked first with 25. 8% of all foreign dentists. [12] The familiar trend of Filipino Americans and Filipino immigrants entering healthcare jobs is well observed in other allied health professional such as nursing, physical therapy, radiologic technology and medical technology. Similarities in quality and structure of the nursing curriculum in the Philippines and the United States had led to the migration of thousands of nurses from the Philippines to fill the shortfall of RNs in the United States. Since the 1970s and through the 1980s, the Philippines have been a source of medical professionals for U. S. medical facilities. The Vietnam War and AIDS epidemic of the 70s and 80s, signaled the need of the American healthcare system for more foreign trained professionals. In articles published in health/medical policy journals, Filipino nurses comprise the largest block of foreign trained nurses working and entering the United States, from 75% of all foreign nurses in the 1980s to 43% in 2000. Still, Philippine-trained nurses make up 52% of all foreigners taking the U. S. nursing licensure exam, well above the Canadian-trained nurses at 12%. The significant drop in the percentage of Filipino nurses from the 1980s to 2000 is due to the increase in the number of countries recruiting Filipino nurses (European Union, the Middle East, Japan), as well as the increase in number of countries sending nurses to the United States. [13] According to the United States Census Bureau, 60,000 Filipino nationals migrated to the United States every year in the 1990s to take advantage of such professional opportunities. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Other Filipino nationals come to the United States for a college or university education, return to the Philippines and end up migrating to the United States to settle.

American schools have also considered the highly-calibrated Filipino teachers and instructors. More US states have been looking to the Philippines to recruit and fill in the need of their respective schools, particularly North Carolina, Kansas, and Virginia. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state [14]

21st Century Issues

Immigration

Filipinos remain one of the largest immigrant group to date with 80,000 people migrating per annum. About 75% consist of family sponsorship or immediate relatives of American citizens while the remainder is employment-oriented. A majority of this number prefer to live in California, followed by Hawaiʻi, Illinois, New York, New Jersey, Washington, Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Colorado, Nevada, Alaska, Maryland and Virginia. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state

Filipinos experience the same long-waiting periods of visa issuance experienced by immigrants of all other nationalities. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has a preference system for issuing visas to noncitizen family members of U. United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS is a bureau in the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS S. citizens, with preference based generally on the closeness of familial relation, and some noncitizen relatives of U. S. citizens can spendlong periods on immigration waiting lists. [15][16] Petitions for immigrant visas, particularly for siblings of previously naturalized Filipinos that date all the way back to 1984, were granted in 2006. [17][18] Many visa petitions by Filipino Americans for their relatives are on hold or backlogged and as many 1. 4 million petitions are affected causing delay to the reunification of Filipino families.

Dual citizenship

As a result of the passage of Philippines Republic Act No. 9225, also known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 2003, Filipino Americans are eligible for dual citizenship in both the United States and the Philippines. Overseas suffrage was first employed in the May 2004 elections in which Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was reelected to a second term. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician.

In 2004, about 6,000 people became dual citizens of the Philippines and the United States. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This act encourages many Filipino Americans to invest in the Philippines, buy land (only Filipino citizens and, with some limitations, former Philippine citizens are allowed to purchase land in the Philippines[19][20]), vote in Philippine elections, retire in the Philippines, and participate in representing the Philippine flag. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP

Many dual citizens have been recruited to participate in international sports events such as the Olympic Games in Athens 2004, the 23rd Southeast Asian Games in Manila, the 15th Asian Games in 2006 and the upcoming Olympic Games in Beijing 2008. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The 23rd Southeast Asian Games (also known as the 2005 SEAG) were held in the Philippines from November 27th to December 5th in The City of Manila The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a Multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games

In addition, the Philippine government actively encourages Filipino Americans to visit or return permanently to the Philippines via the "Balikbayan" program and to invest in the country. Philippine consulates facilitate this process in various areas of the United States. These are located in Chicago; Honolulu; Los Angeles; New York; Saipan; and San Francisco while honorary consulates are also available in Atlanta, Fort Lauderdale, Houston, Majuro, Miami and New Orleans. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Saipan (saɪˈpæn /saɪˈpɑn/ or /ˈsaɪpæn/ in English is the largest Island and Capital of the United States Commonwealth of the Northern The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Fort Lauderdale, known as the "Venice of America" due to its expansive and intricate Canal system is a city in Broward County, Florida, Majuro (ˈmædʒəroʊ population 25400 people ( As of 2004) is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana

"The Invisible Minority"

Ease of integration and assimilation has gained the Filipino American the label of "Invisible Minority. " [21][22] Recent Filipino immigrants assimilate into American culture rapidly, as most are fluent in English and are Christian. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The label also extends to the lack of political power and representation. In the mid-1990s, only 100 Filipino Americans held elected office, with all but one serving at the municipal or state level. This is also partly due to the lack, or invisibility of representation, of Filipino American role models in the wider community and media, despite being the second-largest Asian American group in the United States.

Intermarriage among Filipinos with other races is common and they have the largest number of interracial marriages among Asian immigrant groups, as documented in California. [23] It is also noted that 21. 8% of Filipino Americans are of mixed blood, second among Asian Americans, and is the fastest growing. [24] There has been substantial rates of intermarriage with Filipino American and Mexican American partners in the west coast in the late 20th century. See also History of Mexican-Americans Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican ancestry

Economics

The Filipino community possesses an economic well-being with a majority belonging in the upper middle class. [25][26][27] Well representation of Filipinos in service-oriented professions such as education and healthcare sustains the group's economic well-being. When compared to other Asian American groups, Filipino Americans had the highest median household income, exceeding that of non-Hispanic white households, and the U. S. general population. [28]

Median Household Income: 2004. [10]fig. 13
EthnicityHousehold Income
Asian Indians$68,771
Filipinos$65,700
Chinese$57,433
Japanese$53,763
Koreans$43,195
Whites$48,784
Total US Population$44,684

Among Overseas Filipinos, Filipino Americans are the largest senders of US dollars to the Philippines. An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP In 2005, their combined dollar remittances reached a record-high of almost $6. 5 billion dollars. In 2006, Filipino Americans sent more than $8 billion, which represents 57% of the total amount received by the Philippines. [29]

Many Filipino Americans are business-owners, particularly in the field of small business. Filipino Americans own restaurants, while others are in the medical, dental, and optical fields. Several are in the telemarketing business. Telemarketing is a method of Direct marketing in which a Salesperson solicits to prospective Customers to buy products or services, Over 125,000 businesses are Filipino-owned, according to the 2002 US Economic Census. [30] These firms employ more than 132,000 people and generate an almost $14. 2 billion in revenue. Of these businesses, 38. 6% are health care and social assistance oriented and produces 39. 3% of the collective Filipino-owned business revenue. California had the most number of these businesses followed by Hawaiʻi, New York, Illinois, New Jersey, Florida, and Texas. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. [30]

At the point of retirement, Filipino Americans tend to head back to the Philippines, because of the significance of the dollar in the Philippine economy. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Current Philippine president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo has encouraged the Filipino American community business entrepreneurs to invest back home to promote more job-creation in the Philippines. Maria Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (born Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on April 5 1947 is a Filipina Politician. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP

Discrimination

Like most immigrants, Filipino Americans suffer from discrimination. In the early 20th century, Filipino Americans were in many states barred by anti-miscegenation laws from marrying White Americans, a group which included Hispanic Americans. Anti-miscegenation laws, also known as miscegenation laws, were laws that banned Interracial marriage and sometimes interracial sex between whites and members of other NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America However despite this, many Filipino men, secretly married or cohabitated with White women in California and the South during the 1920s and 1930s[31][32]. Cohabitation is when people live together in an emotionally- and/or physically- Intimate relationship. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive Many were racially segregated into small settlements and were forbidden to travel. The situation became worse after events such as the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair and the Philippine-American War perpetuated many negative stereotypes including the racist idea of the "Little Brown Brother" and encapsulated in Rudyard Kipling's The White Man's Burden. The Louisiana Purchase Exposition, informally known as the Saint Louis World's Fair, was an international exposition held in St Little Brown Brother was a term used by Americans to refer to Filipinos during the period of U Joseph Rudyard Kipling (30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936 was an English Author and poet " The White Man's Burden " is a poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling.

Still, discrimination only began to be addressed during the 1960s, when racial discrimination against minorities became illegal. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that

Recent race-based hate crimes against Filipino Americans have occurred, the most notably the 1999 murder of Joseph Ileto by white supremacist Aryan Nations member Buford Furrow and the March 16, 2007 assault of young honors student Marie Stefanie Martinez by a group of black teenagers at a New York city bus. The August 1999 Los Angeles Jewish Community Center shooting occurred on August 10, 1999, at around 1050 a White supremacy is a racist ideology based on the assertion that White people are superior to other racial groups. Aryan Nation (AN is a White Nationalist Neo-Nazi organization which was founded in the 1970s by Richard Girnt Butler as an arm of the Christian Identity Buford O'Neal Furrow Jr (born November 25 1961) perpetrated the August 1999 Los Angeles Jewish Community Center shooting on August 10, An honors student is a Student recognized for achieving high Grades or high marks in their course work [33] [34] [35] On September 13, 2007 Northwestern University student and former Air Force SSgt. Frannie Richards (born and raised in Chicago, Illinois) was allegedly harassed by a sales clerk of H&M store at Downtown Chicago's Magnificent Mile and was called "Mail Order Bride" and uttered "Ching, Ching, Chang" at the female Air Force veteran. Hennes & Mauritz AB (operating as H&M) is a Swedish clothing company known for its inexpensive and fashionable clothing offerings for women men teenagers and children Population According to the 2000 Census, 16388 people live in the Loop Mail-order bride is a label applied to a woman who publishes her intent to marry someone from another - usually more developed - country Ching chong is an Ethnic slur used to mock people of Chinese ancestry or other Asians who may look Chinese and an Onomatopoeia [36] [37] [38] [39] There have also been cases of unreasonable deportation and visa rejection against Filipino Americans, and greater scrutiny when re-entering the United States from Mexico and Canada, even for native-born US citizens. [40] 

Post 9/11 Issues

After the attacks on 11 September 2001, the United States government led a crackdown on foreign visitors and workers, which included Filipinos who entered the United States illegally, on temporary tourist, education, and work visas but often choose to stay after their visas expire. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The United States Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization Service was dissolved and replaced with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services in hopes of more aggressive prevention of visa fraud. The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service ( INS) was a part of the United States Department of Justice and handled legal and illegal Immigration United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS is a bureau in the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS

Also, due to the links of terrorism and the Philippine Islamist group Abu Sayyaf, Filipino Americans have been under suspicion as collaborators to extremists. "Sword of God" redirects here For the 7th century Arab Muslim military commander known as the "Sword of God" see Khalid ibn al-Walid. [40]

World War II veteran benefits

During World War II, over 200,000 Filipinos served with the United States Military. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including They were promised with all the benefits afforded to those serving in the Military of the United States. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States However, in 1946, the United States Congress passed the Rescission Act which stripped Filipinos of all the benefits promised. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Of the sixty-six countries allied with the United States during the war, the Philippines is the only country that did not receive military benefits from the United States.

Since the passage of the Rescission Act, many Filipino veterans have traveled to the United States to lobby Congress for the benefits promised to them for their service and sacrifice. Over 30,000 of such veterans live in the United States today, with most being American citizens. Sociologists introduced the phrase "Second Class Veterans" to describe the plight of these Filipino Americans. This article provides a list of sociologists and major contributors to Sociology (even if they did not primarily work as sociologists Since 1993, numerous bills were introduced in Congress to return the benefits taken away from these veterans. However, the bills died in committee. The current "full equity" bills are S. 57 in the Senate, and H.R. 760 in the House of Representatives.

Politics

Filipino Americans are a conservative-leaning electorate. Polls before the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election showed Filipino American support was in favor of George W. Bush by a 56% to 30% margin over John Kerry with the remaining 14% either undecided at the time or voting for other candidates [3]. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Filipino Americans are very divided among the Democratic and Republican Parties, with gender being the dividing factor. Most Filipino American males consistently vote Democrat, while their female counterparts consistently vote Republican. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party.

Holidays and Celebrations

Filipino Americans are fond of celebration. It is not unusual for a family (and extended families) to host at least a dozen occasions a year (i. e. , baptisms, birthdays, funerals, holidays, showers, weddings). Celebrations are highlighted by large buffets of traditional Filipino food including but not limited to adobo (savory soy sauce and vinegar stewed beef, pork or chicken), lumpia (egg rolls), pancit (noodles), lechon (pronounced leh-chon, whole roasted pig), and fresh grilled fish. See also Adobo sauce. Adobo is the Spanish word for Seasoning or Marinade. Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid Lumpia/h are Pastries of the Philippines and Indonesia of Chinese origin and are similar to Spring rolls The term lumpia Pancit or '"Pansit"' is a Stir-fried Noodle dish common in the Philippines. Lechón ( Tagalog: Litson and Cebuano: Inasal) is the Spanish word for Suckling pig. In Ilocano celebrations, the food tends to be bitter such as papaitan (beef stewed in bile broth). Often such affairs can grow to become major neighborhood block parties. Celebrations among adult serves with the finest Philippine beverages such as San Miguel Beers and Spirits. There are popular Spirit Beverages that are now coming to many places around the world since the working Filipinos are growing in numbers everday. The San Miguel Corporation is one of the largest food and Beverages producer in Asia has many selections to offer during the celebrations. Among these are the Ginebra San Miguel Gin, the Tondeña Rum, and the Matador Brandy. There are native beverages drinks such as Lambanog, Tuba, and the new developing liqueurs variants from all over Philippine provinces.

Filipino American fondness for festivities has led to the establishment of community-wide festivals celebrating the Filipino culture. These usually take the form of fiestas, street fairs, and parades. Most festivals occur in May during Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, which includes Flores de Mayo, a Roman Catholic harvest feast in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Asian Pacific American Heritage Month (APAHM is celebrated in May to commemorate the contributions of people of Asian and Pacific Islander descent in the United States Flores de Mayo is a Catholic festival held in the Philippines in the month of May This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary

Congress has established the Asian Pacific American Heritage Month in May to commemorate Filipino American and Asian American culture in the United States. Asian Pacific American Heritage Month (APAHM is celebrated in May to commemorate the contributions of people of Asian and Pacific Islander descent in the United States Upon becoming the largest Asian American group in California, Filipino American History Month was established in October. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Filipino American History Month, also known as the Filipino American Heritage Month, is celebrated in the United States during the month of October This is to acknowledge the first landing of Filipinos on October 18, 1587 in Morro Bay, California and is widely celebrated by Fil-Ams in the United States. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid [41][42]

Several events commemorating the Philippine Declaration of Independence occur mostly in June since it is the most important event for the community. The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in the Philippines, where Filipino An example of these is the Philippine Independence Day Parade in New York City, the largest Filipino celebration of any kind in country. The Philippine Independence Day Parade is a celebration for the Filipino American community in the Northeast United States home to more than half a million Filipinos The City of New York

Major Celebrations in the United States
DateNameRegion
JanuaryWinter SinulogPhiladelphia, PA
AprilEaster SalubongNationwide, USA
AprilPhilFestTampa, FL
MayAsian Pacific American Heritage MonthNationwide, USA
MayFilipino FestivalNew Orleans, LA
MayFilipino Fiesta and ParadeHonolulu, HI
MayFlores de MayoNationwide, USA
JunePhilippine Independence Day ParadeNew York, NY
JunePhilippine FestivalWashington, D. Asian Pacific American Heritage Month (APAHM is celebrated in May to commemorate the contributions of people of Asian and Pacific Islander descent in the United States The Philippine Independence Day Parade is a celebration for the Filipino American community in the Northeast United States home to more than half a million Filipinos C.
JunePhilippine Day ParadePassaic, NJ
JunePista Sa NayonVallejo, CA
JuneNew York Filipino Film Festival at The ImaginAsian TheatreNew York, NY
JuneEmpire State Building commemorates Philippine Independence[43]New York, NY
JunePhilippine-American Friendship Day ParadeJersey City, NJ
June 12Fiesta FilipinaSan Francisco, CA
June 12Philippine Independence DayNationwide, USA
JunePagdiriwangSeattle, WA
JulyFil-Am Friendship DayVirginia Beach, VA
JulyPista sa NayonSeattle, WA
JulyPhilippine Weekend[44]Delano, CA
AugustAnnual Philippine Fiesta[45]Secaucus, NJ
AugustSummer SinulogPhiladelphia, PA
AugustPistahan Fesitval and ParadeSan Francisco, CA
September 27Festival of San Lorenzo LuisNew Orleans, LA
SeptemberFestival of Philippine Arts and Culture (FPAC)Los Angeles, CA
OctoberFilipino American History MonthNationwide, USA
December 16 to 24Simbang Gabi Christmas Dawn MassesNationwide, USA
December 25Pasko Christmas FeastNationwide, USA
December 30Jose Rizal DayNationwide, USA


Timeline

José Rizal around the time of his visit to the United States
José Rizal around the time of his visit to the United States
The building where Domingo and Viernes were assassinated.
The building where Domingo and Viernes were assassinated.

The late Philippine Dictator Ferdinand Marcos hired gunmen to murder both ILWU Local 37 officers to silence the growing movement in the United States opposing the dictatorship in the Philippines.

Notable people

Further information: List of Filipino Americans

Further reading

News

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Background Note: Philippines. Pinoy is a Demonym referring to Filipino people in the United States, the Philippines and around the world. American settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish period, when Americans came to the islands primarily to conduct business A balikbayan box (literally returnee's to one's homeland box is a ubiquitous Cardboard box containing any number of small items and sent by an overseas Filipino U. S. Department of State: Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (May 2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.  “There are an estimated four million Americans of Philippine ancestry in the United States, and more than 250,000 American citizens in the Philippines. ”
  2. ^ US demographic census. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  3. ^ U. S. Census Bureau (March 1, 2007). Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2007". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius (based on census 2000 data)
  4. ^ US demographic census. Retrieved on 2008-01-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
  5. ^ Rene Villaroman (July 10, 2007), LA Consul General Throws Ceremonial First Pitch at Dodgers-Padres Pre-Game Event, Asian Journal Online, <http://www.asianjournal.com/?c=124&a=21464> 
     See also: About the Consulate General, The Philippine Consulate General of Los Angeles, California, <http://www.pcgenla.org/AboutUscon.htm>. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2 June 2008 
  6. ^ Aurora S. Cudal, A BRIEF HISTORY OF COPAO, COUNCIL OF PHILIPPINE AMERICAN ORGANIZATIONS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY, INC. , <http://www.copao-sandiego.org/History.html>. Retrieved on 2 June 2008 
  7. ^ Joseph Berger (January 27, 2008), Filipino Nurses, Healers in Trouble, The New York Times, <http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/27/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/27Rnurses.html?_r=1&scp=3&sq=philippine&st=nyt&oref=slogin>. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2 June 2008 
  8. ^ Statistical Abstract of the United States: page 47: Table 47: Languages Spoken at Home by Language: 2003. Retrieved on 2006-07-11. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
  9. ^ Chapel of San Lorenzo Ruiz. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
  10. ^ a b c The American Community-Asians: 2004, U. S. Census Bureau, 2007, <http://www.census.gov/prod/2007pubs/acs-05.pdf>. Retrieved on 5 September 2007 
  11. ^ Top 20 Countries Where IMGs Received Medical Training, American Medical Association, <http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/category/1550.html>. Retrieved on 2007-12-23 
  12. ^ "Foreign-trained dentists licensed in the United States: Exploring their origins," American Dental Association[1]
  13. ^ Brush, et al. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city "Imported Care: Recruiting Foreign Nurses To U. S. Health Care Facilities," Health Affairs, 2004. vol. 23 (3)[2]
  14. ^ More US States hire teachers from the Philippines. Retrieved on 2007-01-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  15. ^ The Preference System, foreignborn. com, <http://foreignborn.com/visas_imm/immigrant_visas/10preference_system.htm>. Retrieved on 23 May 2008 
  16. ^ Immigration Preferences and Waiting Lists, lawcom. com, <http://www.lawcom.com/immigration/pdwtlst.shtml>. Retrieved on 22 May 2008 
  17. ^ Immigration Updates, gurfinkel. com, May 28, 2008, <http://www.gurfinkel.com/immigration_updates/2008/may25-2008.html>. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 23 May 2008 
  18. ^ Green-card limbo. Archived from the original on 2007-06-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Retrieved on 2006-12-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of
  19. ^ BATAS PAMBANSA BILANG. 185, Chanrobles Law Library, March 16, 1982, <http://www.chanrobles.com/bataspambansa/bataspambansablg185.html>. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2 June 2008  (Section 2)
  20. ^ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8179, Supreme Court of the Philippines, March 28, 1996, <http://elibrary.supremecourt.gov.ph/republic_acts.php?doctype=Republic%20Acts&docid=a45475a11ec72b843d74959b60fd7bd645e5bc19879a3>. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2 June 2008  (Section 5)
  21. ^ Haya El Nasser, Study: Some immigrants assimilate faster, USA Today, <http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-05-13-assimilation_N.htm>. Retrieved on 23 May 2008 
  22. ^ N. C. Aizenman (May 13, 2008), Study Says Foreigners In U.S. Adapt Quickly, The Washington post, <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/12/AR2008051202575.html>. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 23 May 2008 
  23. ^ Interracial Dating & Marriage. asian-nation. org. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
  24. ^ Multiracial / Hapa Asian Americans. asian-nation. org. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
  25. ^ Speaking Truth to Power!!. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  26. ^ U.S. economics. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  27. ^ economics. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  28. ^ Census Profile: New York City's Filipino American Population, Asian American Federation of New York, <http://www.aafny.org/cic/briefs/filipino.pdf>. Retrieved on 2007-12-23 
  29. ^ Overseas Filipino Remittances. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Retrieved on 2006-11-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem.
  30. ^ a b Filipino-Owned Firms 2002. Retrieved on 2006-12-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev
  31. ^ Veltisezar Bautista (2002). The Filipino Americans: Yesterday and Today. filipinoamericans. net. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and (part 1of 2)
  32. ^ H. Brett Melendy. Filipino Americans. everyculture. com. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
  33. ^ Dan Mangan and Leela de Kretser. "Girl's Bloody Beating: Driver does nothing as teens attack her on bus", March 18, 2007. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and  
  34. ^ Erika Martinez; Leela de Krester. "Girl, 14, nabbed in student bus beating" (html), New York Post, 2007-03-14. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure The New York Post is the 13th-oldest Newspaper published in the United States and generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continually Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Retrieved on 2007-10-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces  
  35. ^ Caroline Aoyagi-Stom. "AA Community Rallies Around 17-Year-Old Teen Beaten on New York MTA Bus" (html), Pacific Citizen, 2007-04-06. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Retrieved on 2007-10-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces  
  36. ^ Mary Owen (2007-10-06). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Protest at H & M backs claim of harassment. Local news. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved on 2007-10-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.
  37. ^ Filipino American Harassed by H&M Employee (html). blog. Retrieved on 2007-10-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.
  38. ^ Sean Walsh (2007-10-08). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Demonstrators protest alleged slur at H&M. article. The Daily Northwestern. Retrieved on 2007-10-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.
  39. ^ Youtube Videos of Frannie Richards interview. AAI In the News. Retrieved on 2007-10-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.
  40. ^ a b Jeffrey M. Bale (December 2003). The Abu Sayyaf Group in its Philippine and International Contexts: A Profile and WMD Threat Assessment (pdf). onterey Institute of International Studies. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and
  41. ^ Sulat sa Tanso. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  42. ^ history. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  43. ^ Empire State lights up for Filipinos — again. Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  44. ^ Filipino weekend. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  45. ^ Philippine Fiesta.. Retrieved on 2006-08-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital
  46. ^ Original Settlers (Pobladores) of El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Angeles, 1781, laalmanac. com, <http://www.laalmanac.com/history/hi03c.htm>. Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  47. ^ Nancy Dingler (June 23, 2007), Filipinos made immense contributions in Vallejo, <http://www.solanoarticles.com/history/index.php/weblog3/more/filipinos_made_immense_contributions_in_vallejo/>. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  48. ^ José Rizal, The Philippines a Century Hence, joserizal. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the info, <http://joserizal.info/Writings/Other/centuryhence.htm>. Retrieved on 2008-01-17  (Translated by Charles E. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Derbyshire, first published in La Solidaridad, Madrid, between September 30, 1889, and February 1, 1890)
    ". . . Perhaps the great American Republic, whose interests lie in the Pacific and who has no hand in the spoliation of Africa, may dream some day of foreign possession. This is not impossible, for the example is contagious, covetousness and ambition are among the strongest vices, and Harrison manifested something of this sort in the Samoan question. . . . "
  49. ^ a b Lucky Meisenheimer, MD, Pedro Flores, nationalyoyo. org, <http://www.nationalyoyo.org/museum/pedroflores.htm>. Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  50. ^ Remembering the Watsonville Riots, modelminority. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the com, <http://www.modelminority.com/printout232.html>. Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  51. ^ The Philippine Independence Act (Tydings-McDuffie Act), Chanrobles Law Library, March 24, 1934, <http://www.chanrobles.com/tydingsmcduffieact.htm>. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  52. ^ Filipino Americans, Commision on Asian Pacific American Affairs, <http://www.capaa.wa.gov/community/filipino_americans.htm>. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  53. ^ California's Filipino Infantry, The California State Military Museum, <http://www.militarymuseum.org/Filipino.html>. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2008-01-24 
  54. ^ TREATY OF GENERAL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES. SIGNED AT MANILA, ON 4 JULY 1946, United Nations, <http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/1/6/00000254.pdf>. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Retrieved on 2007-12-10 
  55. ^ Perez vs. Sharp - End to Miscegenation Laws in California, Los Angeles Almanac, <http://www.laalmanac.com/vitals/vi70.htm>. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  56. ^ Philippine American Collegiate Endeavor, <http://www.pace1967.com>. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2007-12-27 
  57. ^ Filipino labor activists Gene Viernes and Silme Domingo are slain in Seattle on June 1, 1981, historylink. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the org, <http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=412> 
  58. ^ Citizenship Retention and Re-acquisition Act of 2003. Philippine Government, Bureau of Immigration (2003-08-29). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Retrieved on 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  59. ^ Implementing Rules and Regulations for R.A. 9225. Philippine Government, Bureau of Immigration. Retrieved on 2006-12-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
  60. ^ 109th Congress, H.CON.RES.218, Recognizing the centennial of sustained immigration from the Philippines to the United States .... U. S. Library of Congress (2005-12-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Retrieved on 2008-02-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor
  61. ^ GARCETTI UNVEILS NATION’S FIRST FILIPINO VETERANS MEMORIAL, Eric Garcetti, President, los Angeles city council, November 13, 2006 

External links

The Manila galleons or Manila-Acapulco galleons ( Galeones de Manila-Acapulco) were Spanish trading Ships that sailed once or twice
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