| Federal Hall National Memorial | |
|---|---|
| IUCN Category V (Protected Landscape/Seascape) | |
 | |
| Location | New York, NY |
| Coordinates | |
| Area | 0. The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous 45 acres (0. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 18 ha) |
| Established | May 26, 1939 |
| Visitors | 156,707 (in 2004) |
| Governing body | National Park Service |
Federal Hall, located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States of America and the site of George Washington's first inauguration in 1789. Explanation The hectare is commonly used in most countries around the world especially in domains concerned with land planning and management such as Agriculture, Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the It is also the place where the United States Bill of Rights was passed. In the United States the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known The original building was demolished in the nineteenth century and replaced by the current structure, which served as the first United States Customs House. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A Custom House or Customs House was a building housing the offices for the government officials who processed the paperwork for the import and export of goods into and out Today, the Federal Hall National Memorial, as it is now known, is operated by the National Park Service as a museum commemorating the historic events that happened there. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation
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Historic building
The original structure on the site was built as New York's City Hall in 1700. In 1735, John Peter Zenger, an American newspaper publisher, was arrested for committing libel against the British royal governor and was imprisoned and tried there. John Peter Zenger ( October 26, 1697 – July 28, 1746) was a German-born American printer, Publisher, editor His acquittal on the grounds that the material he had printed was true established the freedom of the press as it was later defined in the Bill of Rights. Freedom Constitutional or statutory protections pertaining to freedom of the press In the United States the Bill of Rights is the name by which the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution are known
In October 1765, delegates from nine of the 13 colonies met as the Stamp Act Congress in response to the levying of the Stamp Act by the Parliament of Great Britain. The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting in the building that would become Federal Hall in New York City in October of 1765 consisting of delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III c The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland Drawn together for the first time in organized opposition to British policy, the attendees drafted a message to King George III, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons, claiming entitlement to the same rights as the residents of Britain and protesting the colonies' "taxation without representation. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords " No taxation without representation " began as a Slogan in the period 1763–1776 that summarized a primary grievance of the British Colonists "
After the American Revolution, the City Hall served as the meeting place for the Congress of the United States under the Articles of Confederation, from 1785 until 1789. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Congress of the Confederation or the United States in Congress Assembled was the governing body of the United States of America from March 1, The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, also the Articles of Confederation was the governing Constitution of the alliance of thirteen independent and Among the acts adopted here in this period was the Northwest Ordinance, which set up what would later become the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, but more fundamentally prohibited slavery in these future states. The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as the Freedom Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another
In 1788 the building was remodelled and enlarged under the direction of Pierre Charles L'Enfant [1], who was later selected by President Washington to design the capital city on the Potomac. This was the first example of Federal Style architecture in the United States. It was renamed Federal Hall when it became the first Capitol of the United States under the Constitution in 1789. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. The 1st United States Congress met there on March 4, 1789, to establish the new federal government, and the first thing they did was count the votes that elected George Washington as the first President of the United States. The First United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government consisting of the United States Senate and the Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by He was inaugurated in front of the building on April 30, 1789. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Many of the most important legislative actions in the United States occurred with the 1st Congress at Federal Hall. First among these were adoption of the Bill of Rights to the U. S. Constitution; not long after the new federal Constitution was ratified, many Americans began to express their concern for its limited protection of individual liberties. Twelve amendments to the Constitution were initially drafted, ten were agreed upon, and on September 25, 1789, the Bill of Rights was adopted in Federal Hall, establishing the freedoms claimed by the Stamp Act Congress on the same site 24 years earlier. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting in the building that would become Federal Hall in New York City in October of 1765 consisting of delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies Also, the Judiciary Act of 1789 was enacted in the building which set up the United States Court System, which is still in use today. The United States Judiciary Act of 1789 (1 Stat 73 was a landmark Statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of
In 1812 the old New York City Hall, known as Federal Hall, was torn down for $400 worth of scrap. Part of the original railing and balcony floor where Washington was inaugurated are on display in the monument.
Current structure
In 1790, the United States capital was moved to Philadelphia and what had been Federal Hall once again housed New York City government until 1812, when the building was razed. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The current structure, one of the best surviving examples of classical architecture in New York, was built as the country's first Customs House, opening in 1842, and later served as one of six United States Sub-Treasury locations and a Federal Reserve Bank. The term Classical architecture has a specific Archaeological meaning relating to the architecture of Classical Greece
Two prominent American ideals are reflected in the building's architecture: The Doric columns of the façade, designed by Ithiel Town and Alexander Jackson Davis, resemble those of the Parthenon and serve as a tribute to Greek democracy; the domed ceiling inside, designed by John Frazee, echoes the Pantheon and the economic might of the Romans. Ithiel Town ( October 3, 1784 &ndash June 13, 1844) was a prominent American Architect and Civil engineer. Alexander Jackson Davis (AJ Davis ( July 24, 1803 &ndash January 14, 1892) was one of the most successful and influential American architects The Parthenon ( Ancient Greek:) is a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Pantheon ( Latin Pantheon, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheon, meaning "Temple of all the gods" is a building in Rome Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC
The current structure is often overshadowed among downtown landmarks by the New York Stock Exchange, which is located diagonally across Wall and Nassau Streets, but the site is one of the most important in the history of the United States and, particularly, the foundation of the United States Government and its democratic institutions. The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. Nassau Street is a street in the Financial District of the New York City borough of Manhattan, located near Pace University The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The current building is well-known for the bronze statue of George Washington on its front steps, marking the site where he was inaugurated as US President in the former structure. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the An inauguration is a ceremony of formal Investiture whereby an individual assumes an office or position of authority or power The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by
In 1920, a bomb was detonated across the street from Federal Hall at 23 Wall Street, in what became known as the Wall Street bombing. 23 Wall Street or "The Corner" is an office building formerly owned by J The Wall Street bombing was a terrorist incident that occurred at 1201 p 38 people were killed and 400 injured, and 23 Wall was visibly damaged, but Federal Hall received no damage. A famous photograph of the event shows the destruction and effects of the bombing, but also shows the statue of Washington standing stoically in the face of chaos.
Federal Hall National Memorial
The building was designated as Federal Hall Memorial National Historic Site on May 26, 1939, and redesignated a national memorial on August 11, 1955. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. National Memorial is a designation in the United States for a Protected area that commemorates a historic person or event Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) As with all historic areas administered by the National Park Service, the memorial was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar.
The National Park Services operates Federal Hall as a museum. The museum closed on December 3, 2004 for extensive renovations and reopened in the fall of 2006. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Normally its exhibit galleries are open free to the public daily, except national holidays, and guided tours of the site are offered throughout the day. Exhibits include:
- George Washington’s Inauguration Gallery - Including the Bible used to swear his oath of office. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin An oath of office is an Oath or Affirmation a person takes before undertaking the duties of an Office, usually a position in government or within a religious
- Freedom of the Press - The imprisonment and trial of John Peter Zenger. John Peter Zenger ( October 26, 1697 – July 28, 1746) was a German-born American printer, Publisher, editor
- Journey to Federal Hall - An 8-minute video about the history of Federal Hall.
On September 6, 2002, approximately 300 members of the United States Congress traveled from Washington, D.C. to New York to convene in Federal Hall as a symbolic show of support for the City, still recovering from the September 11, 2001 attacks. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Just four blocks from Ground Zero, the meeting was the first by Congress in New York since 1790. The term Ground Zero may be used to describe the point on the earth's surface where an explosion occurs
In 2006, Federal Hall opened after a brief closure and a $16 million renovation, mostly to its foundation, after cracks threatening the structure were greatly aggravated by the collapse of the World Trade Center Twin Towers.
As a national monument, the site is open free to the public from 9-5 on week days. It has tourist information about the New York Harbor Area's Federal monuments and parks, and a New York City tourism information center. The gift shop has colonial and early American items for sale.
It was reported on June 8, 2008 that New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and ABC News have invited 2008 United States presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama to a town hall forum at Federal Hall [2]. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Mayor of New York City is the head of the executive branch of the Government of New York City. Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and the Mayor of New York City. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or However, both candidates declined the offer "because they do not want it limited to one television network. A television network is a distribution network for Television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many Television stations " [3]
Cultural references
- Federal Hall has appeared in several movies as well as Rage Against the Machine's music video for Sleep Now in the Fire featuring Michael Moore. Rage Against the Machine (sometimes shortened to RATM or Rage) is " Sleep Now in the Fire " is the fifth track from the 1999 album The Battle of Los Angeles by the band Rage Against the Machine. Michael Francis Moore (born April 23 1954 is an Academy Award -winning American filmmaker author and liberal Political commentator.
- In the video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the final boss fight of the game takes place on top of Federal Hall, after Arsenal Gear crashes through Manhattan and stops at Federal Hall, damaging the right side of the structure. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. (commonly abbreviated as MGS2) is a stealth action Video game directed by Hideo Kojima, developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York
References
- The National Parks: Index 2001–2003. Washington: U.S. Department of the Interior. The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally
External links
- Official NPS website: Federal Hall National Memorial
- National Parks of NY Harbor Conservancy: Federal Hall Visitor Information
- Library of Congress - The New Capital City
- Engraving: Federal Hall, The Seat of Congress
- Lithograph: A View of the Federal Hall, 1797
- CNN - Symbolic site for Congress to meet, 9/5/2002
- U.S. Senate - Farewell to New York
- Model of Federal Hall National Monument for Google Sketchup and Google Earth
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