Federal Bureau of Investigation
Abbreviation	FBI
Seal of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Motto	Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity
Agency Overview
Formed	1908
Employees	30,762 (October 31, 2006)
Annual Budget	8. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. An operating budget is the annual Budget of an activity stated in terms of Budget Classification Code functional/subfunctional categories and cost accounts 7 billion USD (2006)
Legal personality	Governmental agency
Jurisdictional Structure
Federal agency (Operations jurisdiction)	United States
Legal jurisdiction	As per operations jurisdiction. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Law enforcement agency ( LEA) is a term used to describe either an organisation that enforces the laws of one or more governing bodies or an organisation that actively and directly The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In Law, jurisdiction (from the Latin ius iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak" is the practical Authority
Governing body	United States Congress
Constituting instrument	United States Code Title 28 Part II Chapter 33
General nature	Civilian agency Federal law enforcement
Operational Structure
Headquarters	J. Edgar Hoover Building, Washington, D.C.
Sworn members	12,659 (October 31, 2006)
Unsworn members	18,009 (October 31, 2006)
Agency executives	Robert S. Mueller III, Director John S. Pistole, Deputy Director List of FBI Directors, Other directors
Child agencies	FBI Academy FBI Laboratory Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG) Counterterrorism Division (CTD)
Major units	5 Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) Law Enforcement Bulletin Unit (LEBU) Hostage Rescue Team (FBI) (HRT) Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) National Security Branch (NSB)
Field offices	56: List of FBI Field Offices
Website
http://www.fbi.gov/
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The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ), serving as both a federal criminal investigative body and a domestic intelligence agency. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Law enforcement agency ( LEA) is a term used to describe either an organisation that enforces the laws of one or more governing bodies or an organisation that actively and directly Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated The J Edgar Hoover Building is in Washington DC. It is the Headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Robert Swan Mueller III (born August 7 1944 is the current Director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation. Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation are appointed by the President of the United States. John S Pistole is a senior member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (or Associate Director) is a senior United States Government position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation are appointed by the President of the United States. The FBI Academy, located in Quantico Virginia, is the training grounds for new Special Agents of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation The FBI Laboratory is a division within the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation that provides Forensic analysis support services to the FBI as The Critical Incident Response Group ( CIRG) is the part of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation which facilitates the FBI's rapid response The FBI Counterterrorism Division ( CTD) is the division of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation that deals with terrorist threats The Behavioral Analysis Unit ( BAU) is a part of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin is published monthly by the FBI Law Enforcement Communication Unit, with articles of interest to state and local law enforcement personnel The Hostage Rescue Team ( HRT) is the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation 's Elite Special Operations tactical and Counterterrorism A Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF is a partnership between the Federal Bureau of Investigation, other federal agencies (notably Department of Homeland Security components The National Security Branch ( NSB) is the sub-service within the U The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI operates 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States and in San Juan Puerto Rico A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department An intelligence agency is a governmental agency that is devoted to the Information gathering (known in the context as " intelligence " At present, the FBI has investigative jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes, making the FBI the de-facto lead law enforcement agency of the United States government. In the United States, a federal crime or federal offense is a Crime that is either made illegal by U The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. ^[1] The motto of the bureau is "Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity". A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group

The FBI headquarters is in Washington, D.C., and there are also 56 field offices located in major cities throughout the United States as well as over 400 resident agencies in smaller cities and towns across the nation, and more than 50 international offices, called "Legal Attachés", in U. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI operates 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States and in San Juan Puerto Rico Attaché is a French term in diplomacy referring to a person who is assigned ('attached' to the administrative staff of a higher placed person or another service or agency S. embassies worldwide. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in

Mission and priorities

In fiscal year 2006, the FBI's total budget was approximately $8. 7 billion, including $495 million in program increases to enhance counter-terrorism, counterintelligence, cyber crime, information technology, security, forensics, training, and criminal programs. According to its congressional budget justification for the fiscal year 2009, for the past several years the FBI has assumed a growing responsibility for collecting foreign intelligence, in response to a May, 2006 request from the Director of National Intelligence. The Director of National Intelligence ( DNI) is the United States government official subject to the authority direction and control of the President ^[2]

It was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), and the name was changed to the FBI in 1935.

The mission of the FBI is "To protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners. "^[1]

Currently, the FBI's top investigative priorities are:^[3]

1. Protect the United States from terrorist attack (see counter-terrorism);
2. Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage (see counter-intelligence);
3. Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes (see cyber-warfare);
4. Combat public corruption at all levels;
5. Protect civil rights;
6. Combat transnational/national criminal organizations and enterprises (see organized crime);
7. Combat major white-collar crime;
8. Combat significant violent crime;
9. Support federal, state, local and international partners; and
10. Upgrade technology for successful performance of the FBI's mission. Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments This article is a subset article of Intelligence cycle security. Cyber-warfare (also known as cybernetic war, or cyberwar) is the use of Computers and the Internet in conducting Warfare in Cyberspace Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. Within the field of Criminology, white-collar crime or 'incorporated governance' has been defined by Edwin Sutherland as "a crime committed by a person of respectability A violent crime or crime of violence is a Crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim

In August 2007, the top categories of lead criminal charges resulting from FBI investigations were:^[4]

1. Bank robbery and incidental crimes (107 charges)
2. Drugs (104 charges)
3. Attempt and conspiracy (81 charges)
4. Material involving sexual exploitation of minors (53 charges)
5. Mail fraud - frauds and swindles (51 charges)
6. Bank fraud (31 charges)
7. Prohibition of illegal gambling businesses (22 charges)
8. Fraud by wire, radio, or television (20 charges)
9. Hobbs Act (17 charges)
10. RICO - prohibited activities (17 charges)

Legal authority

An FBI Agent tags the cockpit voice recorder from EgyptAir Flight 990 on the deck of the USS Grapple (ARS 53) at the crash site on November 13, 1999. The Hobbs Act, named after Congressman Sam Hobbs ( D - Al) and codified at, is a U The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (commonly referred to as RICO Act or RICO) is a United States federal law that provides for extended A Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR is a Flight recorder used to record the audio environment in the flightdeck of an aircraft for the purpose of investigation of accidents and incidents EgyptAir Flight 990 (MSR990 was a regularly-scheduled Los Angeles - New York - Cairo flight Towing of Minesweepers, and were towed to the Gulf of Oman by USS Grapple (ARS-53 departing Little Creek Virginia on September 6, Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

The FBI's mandate is established in Title 28 of the United States Code (U. Title 28 ( Judiciary and Judicial Procedure) is the portion of the United States Code (federal statutory law that governs the federal judicial system S. Code), Section 533, which authorizes the Attorney General to "appoint officials to detect. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement . . crimes against the United States. "^[5] Other federal statutes give the FBI the authority and responsibility to investigate specific crimes.

The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. The USA PATRIOT Act, commonly known as the Patriot Act, is a controversial Act of Congress that U Wiretap redirects here For the radio program see WireTap (radio program Telephone tapping (or wire tapping / wiretapping in One of the most controversial provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT Act's provisions the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records^[6] of those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since the 1970s). A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion

The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (commonly referred to as RICO Act or RICO) is a United States federal law that provides for extended The FBI is also charged with the responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of 1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). Origins The bill was introduced by President John F Kennedy in his civil rights speech of June 11 1963, in which he asked for legislation "giving For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department The FBI also shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) is a United States Department of Justice Law enforcement agency tasked with combating drug smuggling and The Controlled Substances Act ( CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control

Information obtained through an FBI investigation is presented to the appropriate US Attorney or Department of Justice (DOJ) official, who decides if prosecution or other action is warranted.

History

In 1886, the Supreme Court, in Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, found that the states had no power to regulate interstate commerce. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Wabash St Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v Illinois, 118 US The resulting Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 created a Federal responsibility for interstate law enforcement. The Interstate Commerce Commission (or ICC) was a Regulatory body in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 which was signed The Justice Department, which had hired few permanent investigators since its establishment in 1870, made little effort to relieve its staff shortage until the turn of the century, when Attorney General Charles Joseph Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret Service, for investigators. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement Charles Joseph Bonaparte ( June 9, 1851 &ndash June 28, 1921) was a member of the United States Cabinet and a grandson But Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees by Justice, passing a law to that effect in 1908. So the Attorney General moved to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation (BOI), complete with its own staff of special agents. Its jurisdiction derived from the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. ^{[7] [8]} The FBI grew out of this force of Special Agents created on July 26, 1908 during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. Within the United States, the title of Special Agent is used to describe any federal criminal or non-criminal investigator or Detective in the 1811 1801 2501 or Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T Its first official task was visiting and making surveys of the houses of prostitution (in preparation for enforcing 'The White Slave Traffic Act' passed on June 25, 1910). In 1932, it was renamed the United States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before finally becoming the FBI in 1935. The Bureau of Prohibition (or Prohibition Unit) was the federal Law enforcement agency formed to enforce the National Prohibition Act of 1919 ^[7]

The director of the old BOI, J. Edgar Hoover, became the first FBI director and served for nearly 48 years. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Postnominal initials After Hoover's death, legislation was passed limiting the tenure of future FBI directors to a maximum of ten years. The Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, officially opened in 1932, largely as a result of Hoover's efforts. The FBI Laboratory is a division within the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation that provides Forensic analysis support services to the FBI as Hoover had substantial involvement in most cases and projects the FBI handled during his tenure.

During the so-called "war on crime" of the 1930s, FBI agents apprehended or killed a number of notorious criminals who carried out a number of kidnappings, robberies, and murders throughout the nation, including John Dillinger, "Baby Face" Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin "Creepy" Karpis, and George "Machine Gun" Kelly. John Herbert Dillinger (June 22 1903–July 22 1934 was a notorious Bank robber in mid-western America Lester Joseph Gillis (December 6 1908—November 27 1934 ("George" was a bank robber in the 1930s better known as Baby Face Nelson due to his youthful Kate "Ma" Barker ( October 8, 1873 – January 16, 1935) was a legendary American criminal from the " public enemy Alvin Francis "Creepy Karpis" Karpowicz ( August 10, 1907  – August 26, 1979) born Alvin Karpowicz, nicknamed George Kelly Barnes aka George R Kelly aka George "Machine Gun" Kelly ( July 18, 1895 — July 18, 1954) While this campaign, as well as the campaign to build-up the FBI, was carried out in response to a national crime wave, most historians now believe that if there was a crime wave at all, it was grossly exaggerated during the Great Depression.

Other activities of its early decades included a decisive role in reducing the scope and influence of the Ku Klux Klan. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are Additionally, through the work of Edwin Atherton, the FBI claimed success in apprehending an entire army of Mexican neo-revolutionaries along the California border in the 1920s. Edwin Newton Atherton ( October 12, 1896 &ndash August 31, 1944) was born in Washington D

Lester J. Gillis, also known as "Baby Face" Nelson. Lester Joseph Gillis (December 6 1908—November 27 1934 ("George" was a bank robber in the 1930s better known as Baby Face Nelson due to his youthful

Beginning in the 1940s and continuing into the 1970s, the Bureau investigated cases of espionage against the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage operations against American targets were arrested, six of whom were executed (Ex parte Quirin). Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Sabotage is a deliberate action aimed at weakening an enemy oppressor or employer through subversion obstruction disruption and/or destruction Ex parte Quirin,, is a Supreme Court of the United States case that upheld the jurisdiction of a United States Military tribunal over the trial Also during this time, a joint US/UK code breaking effort (Venona)—with which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet communications. The Venona project was a long-running and highly secret collaboration between Intelligence agencies of the United States and United Kingdom that involved This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the United States for Soviet intelligence. ^[9] Hoover was administering this project but failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Another notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. Vilyam ("Willie" Genrikhovich (August Fisher (Вильям Генрихович Фишер ( July 11, 1903 &ndash November 15, 1971 ^[10] The discovery of Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding obsession with the threat he perceived from the American left, ranging from Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to American liberals with no revolutionary aspirations whatsoever. The Communist Party of the United States of America ( CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist Political party in the United States.

During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about the influence of civil rights leaders. In 1956, for example, Hoover took the rare step of sending an open letter denouncing Dr. T.R.M. Howard, a civil rights leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other blacks in the South. Theodore Roosevelt Mason Howard (b March 4 1908, Murray Kentucky - d George W Lee (1904 – May 7, 1955) was an African American Civil rights leader minister, and Entrepreneur. Emmett Louis "Bobo" Till ( July 25 1941 August 28 1955) was a black fourteen year old from Chicago, Illinois The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in an operation called COINTELPRO. COINTELPRO (an acronym for Co unter Intel ligence Pro gram was a series of covert and often illegal projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau ^[11] It aimed at investigating and disrupting dissident political organizations within the United States, including both militant and non-violent organizations, including the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC) is an American Civil rights organization ^[12]

Martin Luther King, Jr. was a frequent target of investigation. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader The FBI found no evidence of any crime, but attempted to use tapes of King involved in sexual activity for blackmail. In his 1991 memoirs, Washington Post journalist Carl Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King encouraging him to commit suicide. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Carl Thomas Rowan ( August 11, 1925 - September 23, 2000) was an African American public servant journalist and author ^[13]

When President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed, the jurisdiction fell to the local police departments until President Lyndon B. Johnson directed the FBI to take over the investigation. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of ^[14] To ensure that there would never be any more confusion over who would handle homicides at the federal level, Congress passed a law that put investigations of deaths of federal officials within FBI jurisdiction.

After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO Act) took effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition organized groups, which by now become fronts for crime in major cities and even small towns. The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (commonly referred to as RICO Act or RICO) is a United States federal law that provides for extended All of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations using the provisions provided in the RICO Act and these groups were dismantled. Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a close-knit organized crime network in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam Giancana and John Gotti. "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. Salvatore "Momo" Giancana (born Salvatore Giangana) June 15, 1908 &ndash June 19, 1975) was an Italian-American John Joseph Gotti Jr ( October 27, 1940 &ndash June 10, 2002) commonly known by the media as "The Dapper Don" and "The The RICO Act is still used today for all organized crime and any individuals that might fall under the Act.

J. Edgar Hoover, FBI Director (1924–1972)

In 1984, the FBI formed an elite SWAT^[15] team to help with problems that might arise at the 1984 Summer Olympics, particularly terrorism and major-crime. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Postnominal initials SWAT ( Special Weapons And Tactics) is an elite special operations tactical unit in American Police departments similar to the Taiwan Thunder Squad The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion The formation of the team arose from the 1972 Summer Olympics at Munich, Germany when terrorists murdered Israeli Athletes. The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Munich, in what was Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. The team was named Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) and acts as the FBI lead for SWAT related procedures and all counter terrorism cases. The scope of this list is primarily Police units tasked with special duties including but not limited to the following Security of the state state officials and Also formed in 1984 was the Computer Analysis and Response Team (CART). ^[16] The end of the 1980s and the early part of the 1990s saw the reassignment of over 300 agents from foreign counter intelligence duties to violent crime and the designation of violent crime as the sixth national priority. But with reduced cuts to other well-established departments, and because terrorism was not longer considered a threat after the end of the Cold War,^[16] the FBI became a tool of local police forces for tracking fugitives who had crossed state lines, which was a felony. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The FBI Laboratory also helped develop DNA testing, continuing the pioneering role in identification that began with its fingerprinting system in 1924. Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known

Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York, New York and the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996. The 1993 World Trade Center bombing occurred on February 26, 1993, when a Car bomb was detonated below Tower One of the World Trade Center The City of New York The Oklahoma City bombing was a domestic terrorist attack on April 19 1995 aimed at the U Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts helped ensure that all three of these cases were successfully prosecuted, but the FBI was also confronted by a public outcry in this period, which still haunts it today. ^[17] After Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA, 1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPA, 1996), and the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991. Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and other malicious programs that might unleash havoc in the US. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks With these developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and national security investigations, adapting to how telecommunications advancements changed the nature of such problems.

Within months of the September 11, 2001 attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller, who was only sworn in three days before the attacks, called for a re-engineering of FBI structure and operations. Robert Swan Mueller III (born August 7 1944 is the current Director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation. In turn, he made countering every federal crime a top priority, including the prevention of terrorism, countering foreign intelligence operations, addressing cyber security threats, other high-tech crimes, protecting civil rights, combating public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime. ^[18]

Organization

J. Edgar Hoover Building, FBI Headquarters

FBI Mobile Command Center, Washington Field Office

The FBI is headquartered at the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices^[19] in major cities across the United States. The J Edgar Hoover Building is in Washington DC. It is the Headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI The J Edgar Hoover Building is in Washington DC. It is the Headquarters of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The FBI also maintains over 400 resident agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United States embassies and consulates. A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in Many specialized FBI functions are located at facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as in Clarksburg, West Virginia. Quantico Virginia lies in Prince William County, north-northeast of Fredericksburg Virginia, United States, near Dumfries and Stafford The FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes FOIA requests, to Winchester, Virginia. Winchester is an independent city located in the state of Virginia. ^[20]

The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI,^[21] did not appear in the J. The FBI Laboratory is a division within the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation that provides Forensic analysis support services to the FBI as Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J. Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video, Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints, Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. ^[22] The services of the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.

The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. The FBI Academy, located in Quantico Virginia, is the training grounds for new Special Agents of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation Quantico Virginia lies in Prince William County, north-northeast of Fredericksburg Virginia, United States, near Dumfries and Stafford It is also where new agents are sent for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the twenty-one week course is required for every Special Agent. ^[23] It was first opened for use in 1972 on 385 acres (1. 6 km²) of woodland. The Academy also serves as a classroom for state and local law enforcement agencies who are invited onto the premiere law enforcement training center. The FBI units that reside at Quantico are the Field and Police Training Unit, Firearms Training Unit, Forensic Science Research and Training Center, Technology Services Unit (TSU), Investigative Training Unit, Law Enforcement Communication Unit, Leadership and Management Science Units (LSMU), Physical Training Unit, New Agents' Training Unit (NATU), Practical Applications Unit (PAU), the Investigative Computer Training Unit and the "College of Analytical Studies. "

The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division,^[24] located in Clarksburg, West Virginia. It is the youngest division of the FBI only being formed in 1991 and opening in 1995. The complex itself is the length of three football fields. Its purpose is to provide a main repository for information. Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification, Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local agencies use these systems as a source for their own investigations and contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state, federal, and international law enforcement agencies.

The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the United States Coast Guard and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in seaport security,^[25] and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane crashes and other critical incidents. The United States Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP known as U ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB is an independent U An aviation accident is defined in the International Civil Aviation Organization Annex 13 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the only other agency with the closest amount of investigative power. US Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( ICE) is the largest and primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS responsible In the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, the FBI maintains a role in most federal criminal investigations.

The FBI is organized in the following manner.

• National Security Branch
  • Counterintelligence Division
  • Counterterrorism Division
  • Directorate of Intelligence
• Criminal Investigations Branch
  • Criminal Investigative Division
  • Cyber Division
• Law Enforcement Services Branch
  • Criminal Justice Information Services Division
  • Critical Incident Response Group
  • Laboratory Division
  • Office of International Operations
  • Office of Law Enforcement Coordination
  • Operational Technology Division
  • Training & Development Division
• Administration Branch
  • Administrative Services Division
  • Facilities & Logistics Services Division
  • Finance Division
  • Records Management Division
  • Security Division
• Office of the Chief Information officer
  • Information Technology Operations Division
  • Office of IT Policy & Planning
  • Office of IT Program Management
  • Office of IT Systems Development

BOI and FBI directors

Main article: List of FBI Directors

FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation are appointed by the President of the United States. Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation are appointed by the President of the United States. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by They must be confirmed by the United States Senate and serve ten-year terms. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives J. Edgar Hoover, appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving FBI Director, serving until his death in 1972. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Postnominal initials John Calvin Coolidge Jr (July 4 1872 January 5 1933 was the thirtieth President of the United States (1923–1929 In 1968, Congress passed legislation as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90-351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year term limit for future FBI Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. Public law is a theory of law governing the relationship between Individuals ( Citizens companies) and the State. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Statutes at Large, commonly referred to as the Statutes at Large and abbreviated Stat As the incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The current FBI Director is Robert Mueller, who was appointed in 2001 by George W. Bush. Robert Swan Mueller III (born August 7 1944 is the current Director of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.

The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any one of the FBI field offices are manned with qualified agents. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI operates 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States and in San Juan Puerto Rico Before the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, the FBI director would brief the President of the United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA is an Act of Congress introduced by U The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Since then, the director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) who in turn reports to the President. The Director of National Intelligence ( DNI) is the United States government official subject to the authority direction and control of the President

Hiring process

Agents in training on the FBI Academy firing range

While the exact process and details are classified, the process of becoming an employee of the FBI is arduous. The FBI Academy, located in Quantico Virginia, is the training grounds for new Special Agents of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation At a minimum, FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security clearance, and in many instances, employees need a higher level, TS/SCI clearance. For use by the United Nations, see Security Clearance (UN A security clearance is a status granted to individuals allowing them access to Classified Sensitive information is Information or Knowledge that might result in loss of an advantage or level of security if revealed ( disclosed) to others ^[26] In order to get a security clearance, all potential FBI personnel must pass a series of Single Scope Background Investigations (SSBI), which are conducted by the Office of Personnel Management. A Single Scope Background Investigation ( SSBI) is a type of United States Security clearance investigation required for Top Secret, SCI and ^[27] Special Agents candidates also have to pass a rigorous Physical Fitness Test (PFT) that includes a 300-meter run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a 1. 5-mile (2. 4 km) run. There is also a random drug test all FBI personnel have to pass in order to become an agent. In addition to the drug test, there is a polygraph test personnel have to pass, with questions including possible drug use. After potential special agent candidates are cleared with TS clearance and the Form SF-312 non-disclosure agreement is signed, they attend the FBI training facility located on Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia. Standard Form 312 (SF 312 is a Non-disclosure agreement required under Executive Order 13292 to be signed by employees of the U Marine Corps Base Quantico is a major United States Marine Corps training base located near Triangle Virginia, covering nearly 100 square miles in southern Prince Quantico Virginia lies in Prince William County, north-northeast of Fredericksburg Virginia, United States, near Dumfries and Stafford Candidates spend approximately 21 weeks at the FBI Academy, where they receive over 500 classroom hours and over 1000 simulated law enforcement hours to train. The FBI Academy, located in Quantico Virginia, is the training grounds for new Special Agents of the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation Upon graduation, new FBI Special Agents are placed all around the country and the world, depending on their areas of expertise. Professional support staff works out of one of the many support buildings the FBI maintains. However, any Agent or Support staff member can be transferred to any location for any length of time if their skills are deemed necessary at one of the FBI field offices or one of the 400 resident agencies the FBI maintains. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI operates 56 field offices in major cities throughout the United States and in San Juan Puerto Rico

As of October 31, 2006, the FBI had a total of 30,762 employees. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. That includes 12,659 special agents and 18,009 support staff, such as FBI police officers, intelligence analysts, language specialists, scientists, information technology specialists, and other professionals. The Federal Bureau of Investigation Police are the uniformed Security police who protect FBI facilities properties personnel users visitors and operations from

Publications

The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin is published monthly by the FBI Law Enforcement Communication Unit,^[28] with articles of interest to state and local law enforcement personnel. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin is published monthly by the FBI Law Enforcement Communication Unit, with articles of interest to state and local law enforcement personnel Law enforcement agency ( LEA) is a term used to describe either an organisation that enforces the laws of one or more governing bodies or an organisation that actively and directly First published in 1932 as Fugitives Wanted by Police,^[29] the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin covers topics including law enforcement technology and issues, such as crime mapping and use of force, as well as recent criminal justice research, and Vi-CAP alerts, on wanted suspects and key cases. Crime mapping is used by analysts in law enforcement agencies to map visualize and analyze crime incident patterns The term use of force refers to the right of an individual or authority to settle Conflicts or prevent certain actions by applying measures to either a dissuade another party Criminal justice is the system of practices and organizations used by national and local governments directed at maintaining Social control, deterring Vi-CAP (Violent Criminal Apprehension Program is a nationwide computerized system implemented in 1985 by the FBI out of Quantico, Virginia.

The FBI also publishes some reports for both law enforcement personnel as well as regular citizens covering topics including law enforcement, terrorism, cybercrime, white-collar crime, violent crime, and statistics. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion CyberCrime was an innovative weekly America Television program on TechTV that focused on the dangers facing computer users Within the field of Criminology, white-collar crime or 'incorporated governance' has been defined by Edwin Sutherland as "a crime committed by a person of respectability A violent crime or crime of violence is a Crime in which the offender uses or threatens to use violent force upon the victim ^[30] However, the vast majority of Federal government publications covering these topics are published by the Office of Justice Programs agencies of the United States Department of Justice, and disseminated through the National Criminal Justice Reference Service. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The Office of Justice Programs ( OJP) is an agency of the United States Department of Justice that focuses on crime prevention through Research and development For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department The National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS is a program that disseminates publications from the United States Department of Justice 's Office of Justice Programs

Crime statistics

The badge of an FBI Special Agent

Uniform Crime Reports

Main article: Uniform Crime Reports

The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile data from over 17,000 law enforcement agencies across the country. The Uniform Crime Reports ( UCR) contain official data on crime that is reported to law enforcement agencies across the country who then provide the data to the The Uniform Crime Reports ( UCR) contain official data on crime that is reported to law enforcement agencies across the country who then provide the data to the They provide detailed data regarding the volume of crimes to include arrest, clearance (or closing a case), and law enforcement officer information. The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate crimes, and property crimes. ^[30] Created in the 1920s, the UCR system has not proven to be as uniform as its name implies. The UCR data only reflect the most serious offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of rape. Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law enforcement agencies to submit this data.

Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report for 2006 was released on June 4, 2006. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The report shows violent crime offenses rose 1. 3%, but the number of property crime offenses decreased 2. 9% compared to 2005. ^[31]

National Incident Based Reporting System

Main article: National Incident Based Reporting System

The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS is an incident-based reporting system used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes Crime statistics attempt to provide a statistical measure of the level or amount of- Crime that is prevalent in societies The system used by law enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are comprised of 46 specific crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses, eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271 law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the FBI.

Media portrayal

Main article: FBI portrayal in the media

The FBI has been frequently depicted in popular media since the 1930s. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI has been a staple of American popular culture since its christening in 1935 The Bureau has participated to varying degrees, which has included direct involvement in the creative process itself in order to present the FBI in a favourable light, to providing consultation on operations and closed cases. ^[32]

Criticism

The FBI has endured public criticism and internal conflict in the past decade. As the FBI attempts to modernize technologically to take on a greater counter-terrorism role, there have been times where the FBI is scrutinized. Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments

Most of the recent controversies in the FBI have been involved with "terrorist" organizations or "operational" mishaps. In the early and late 1990s, its role in the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents caused an uproar over the tactics that were used. Ruby Ridge was the site in Idaho of a violent confrontation and Siege in 1992, involving Randy Weaver, his family Weaver's friend Kevin Harris federal The Waco Siege (also known as the Waco Massacre) took place on February 28 During the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the FBI was also criticized for its investigation on the Centennial Olympic Park bombing. The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International The Centennial Olympic Park bombing was a terrorist Bombing on July 27, 1996 in Atlanta Georgia during the 1996 Summer It has recently settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the venue, along with the media organizations,^[33] from leaking his name during the investigation. Richard A Jewell ( December 17 1962 &ndash August 29 2007) was a central figure of the Centennial Olympic Park bombing at the In the 1990s, it turned out that the fingerprint unit of the FBI's crime lab had repeatedly done shoddy work. In some cases, the technicians, given evidence that actually cleared a suspect, reported instead that it proved the suspect guilty. Many cases had to be reopened when this pattern of errors was discovered.

In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated IT infrastructure. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. ^[34] Efforts to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful, but attempts to develop new investigation software, outsourced to SAIC, were a disaster. Science Applications International Corporation ( SAIC) is a FORTUNE 500 scientific engineering and technology applications company in the United States with Virtual Case File, or VCF, as the software was known, was plagued by poorly defined goals, and repeated changes in management. Virtual Case File (or VCF) was a Software application developed by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation between 2000 and 2005 ^[35] In January 2005, more than two years after the software was originally planned for completion, the FBI officially abandoned the project. At least $100 million (and much more by some estimates) was spent on the project, which was never operational. The FBI has been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system, which is considered woefully inadequate by IT experts. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support In March 2005, the FBI announced it is beginning a new, more ambitious software project code-named Sentinel expected for completion by 2009. ^[36]

In February 2001, Robert Hanssen was caught selling information to the Russians. Robert Philip Hanssen (born April 18, 1944) is a former American FBI agent who spied for the Russian KGB against the United It was later learned that Hanssen, who had reached a high position within the FBI, had been selling intelligence since as early as 1979. He pleaded guilty to treason and received a life sentence in 2002, but the incident led many to question the security practices employed by the FBI. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. Life imprisonment or life incarceration is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime often for most There was also a claim that Robert Hanssen might have contributed information that led to the September 11, 2001 attacks. ^[37]

The 9/11 Commission's final report on July 22, 2004 stated that the FBI and CIA were both partially to blame for not pursuing intelligence reports which could have prevented the September 11, 2001 attacks. 9/11 Commission ReportThe National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, also known as the 9/11 Commission, was set up on November 27, 2002 Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all In its most condemning assessment, the report concluded that the country had "not been well served" by either agency and listed numerous recommendations for changes within the FBI. ^[38] While the FBI has acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight by the new Director of National Intelligence, some former members of the 9/11 Commission publicly criticized the FBI in October 2005, claiming it was resisting any meaningful changes. The Director of National Intelligence ( DNI) is the United States government official subject to the authority direction and control of the President ^[39]

On July 8, 2007 the Washington Post published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy Zegart's book Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the Origins of 9/11^[40]. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D The University of California Los Angeles (generally known as UCLA) is a public research university located in Westwood Los Angeles, California, United The article reported that government documents show the CIA and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The primary reasons for these failures included: agency cultures resistant to change and new ideas; inappropriate incentives for promotion; and a lack of cooperation between the FBI, CIA and the rest of the United States Intelligence Community. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The United States Intelligence Community (IC is a cooperative federation of 16 separate United States government agencies that work together to conduct intelligence The article went on to also blame the FBI's decentralized structure which prevented effective communication and cooperation between different FBI offices. The article also claimed that the FBI has still not evolved into an effective counterterrorism or counterintelligence agency, due in large part to deeply ingrained cultural resistance to change within the FBI. For example, FBI personnel practices continue to treat all staff other than Special Agents as support staff, categorizing Intelligence Analysts alongside the FBI's auto mechanics and janitors. ^[41]

A March 2007 report by the inspector general of the Justice Department described the FBI's "widespread and serious misuse" of national security letters, a form of administrative subpoena used to demand records and data pertaining to individuals. EFF-IA National Security Letter 2PNG|thumb|250px|Page 2]]A National Security Letter (NSL is a form of administrative Subpoena used by the United States Federal The report said that between 2003 and 2005 the FBI had issued more than 140,000 national security letters, many involving people with no obvious connections to terrorism. ^[42]

Faulty Bullet Lead Analysis Testimony

For over 40 years, the FBI crime lab in Quantico believed lead in bullets had unique chemical signatures, and that by breaking them down and analyzing them, it was possible to match bullets, not only to a single batch of ammunition coming out of a factory, but to a single box of bullets. The National Academy of Sciences conducted an 18 month independent review of comparative bullet lead analysis. In 2003, its National Research Council published a report calling into question 30 years of FBI testimony. It found the model the FBI used for interpreting results was deeply flawed and that the conclusion that bullet fragments could be matched to a box of ammunition so overstated, that it was misleading under the rules of evidence. One year later, the FBI decided to stop doing bullet lead analysis.

Of over 2500 cases using this analysis, there are potentially hundreds or thousands where FBI lab technicians provided forensic testimony at criminal trials. In each case, the testimony was wrong and misleading. The U. S. Government has a legal obligation to notify defendants about any information that might help prove their innocence, even after they have been convicted. Only the FBI can identify the cases in which bullet lead analysis was performed, yet it has resisted releasing that information.

As a result of the 60 Minutes-Washington Post investigation in November, 2007, (two years later) the bureau said it will identify, review and release all of the pertinent cases, and notify prosecutors about cases in which faulty testimony was given. ^[43]

FBI Knowingly Assisted In Wrongful Conviction of Murder

Protecting an informant, the FBI allowed four innocent men to be convicted of murder in March 1965. Three of the men were sentenced to death (which was later reduced to life in prison). The fourth defendant was sentenced to life in prison, where he spent three decades. ^[44]

In July, 2007, U. S. District Judge Nancy Gertner in Boston found the bureau helped convict the four men of the March 1965 gangland murder of Edward "Teddy" Deegan. Nancy Gertner, born in 1946 in New York City, New York, is a Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts The U. S. Government was ordered to pay $100 million in damages to the four defendants. ^[45]

FBI files on specific persons

It is possible to obtain a copy of an FBI file on yourself, on a living person who gives you permission to do so, or on a deceased individual through the U. S. Freedom of Information Act. The Freedom of Information Act ( FOIA) is the implementation of freedom of information legislation in the United States The FBI has generated files on numerous celebrities including Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, John Lennon, Jane Fonda, Groucho Marx, Charlie Chaplin, MC5, Lou Costello, Sonny Bono, Mickey Mantle, and Gene Autry. The FBI Files on Elvis Presley include records kept by the Federal Bureau of Investigation concerning Elvis Presley. John Denver (December 31 1943 &ndash October 12 1997 born Henry John Deutschendorf Jr John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born Jane Fonda (born December 21 1937 is an American Academy Award winning Actress, Writer, political activist, former Fashion The MC5 ( Motor City Five) was an American Hard rock band formed in Lincoln Park Michigan in 1964 and active until Lou Costello (born Louis Francis Cristillo; March 6, 1906 - March 3, 1959) was an American Actor and Comedian Salvatore Phillip "Sonny" Bono ( February 16, 1935 – January 5, 1998) was an American Record producer, Mickey Charles Mantle ( October 20, 1931 &ndash August 13, 1995) was an American Baseball player who was inducted Orvon Gene Autry ( September 29 1907 &ndash October 2 1998) was an American performer who gained fame as The Singing Cowboy ^[46]

See also

• America's Safest and Most Dangerous Cities

State level organizations

• State Bureau of Investigation

Similar agencies of other nations

Europe

• Bundeskriminalamt, Austria
• Bundeskriminalamt, Germany
• Policía Nacional, Spain
• Serious Organised Crime Agency (UK)

Asia

• Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation
• Central Bureau of Investigation, India
• Shin Bet, (Israel)
• National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)

North America

• Royal Canadian Mounted Police
• Canadian Security Intelligence Service
• Federal Agency of Investigation (Mexico)

South America

• Policia Federal Argentina
• Policia Federal (Brazil)

Oceania

• Australian Federal Police
• New Zealand Security Intelligence Service

Notable persons

• Edwin Atherton left the service and founded Atherton & Dunn private investigations firm
• Richard Miller (first FBI Special Agent to be convicted of espionage)
• Moses Powell (first black man to train FBI agents in hand-to-hand combat)

References

Further reading

• Powers, Richard Gid (1983). G-Men, Hoover's FBI in American Popular Culture. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-1096-1.  
• Sullivan, William (1979). The Bureau: My Thirty Years in Hoover's FBI. Norton. ISBN 0-393-01236-0.  
• Theoharis, Athan G.; John Stuart Cox (1988). Athan George Theoharis (born August 3 1936 is a professor of history emeritus at Marquette University. The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition. Temple Univ. Press. ISBN 0-87722-532-X.  
• Theoharis, Athan G. ; Tony G. Poveda, Susan Rosenfeld, Richard Gid Powers (2000). The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide. Checkmark Books. ISBN 0-8160-4228-4.  
• Theoharis, Athan G. (2004). Athan George Theoharis (born August 3 1936 is a professor of history emeritus at Marquette University. The FBI and American Democracy: A Brief Critical History. Kansas: University Press. ISBN 0-7006-1345-5.  
• Tonry, Michael (ed) (2000). The Handbook of Crime & Punishment. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514060-5.  
• Trahair, Richard C. S. (2004). Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations. Ballentine: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31955-3.  
• Williams, David (1981). "The Bureau of Investigation and its Critics, 1919–1921: the Origins of Federal Political Surveillance". Journal of American History 68: 560–579.  

External links

• Official FBI website
• FBI Organizational Chart
• Original Bureau of Investigation Document Online: William Randolph Hearst
• ODMP listing of Fallen FBI Agents 1925–2007
• Church Committee Report, Vol. 6, "Federal Bureau of Investigation. " 1975 congressional inquiry into American intelligence operations.

• Federal Bureau of Investigation is at coordinates 38°53′40″N 77°01′28″W / 38.894465, -77.024503 (Federal Bureau of Investigation)Coordinates: 38°53′40″N 77°01′28″W / 38.894465, -77.024503 (Federal Bureau of Investigation)