Map showing countries by their relation to the Union, including ENP and ACP countries (covering much of the Eurosphere). The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention.

The concept of the ‘Eurosphere’ or ‘European Empire^[1]’ has grown in popularity in the early years of the 21st century, and is associated with the public intellectual, Mark Leonard,^[2] the academic at the University of Oxford, Jan Zielonka,^[1] the strategist and European Union Director-General for Politico-Military Affairs, Robert Cooper;^[3] and the President of the European Commission, José Manuel Barroso. The 21st century is the current century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Mark Leonard ( 1975) is a British foreign policy thinker and the author of Why Europe Will Run the 21st Century and What Does China Think? The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Robert Francis Cooper was a British Diplomat until 2002 when he assumed the role of Director-General for External and Politico-Military Affairs at the General Secretariat The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. José Manuel Durão Barroso (ʒuˈzɛ mɐnuˈɛɫ duˈɾɐ̃ũ bɐˈʁozu born 23 March 1956 is the 12th President of the European Commission. ^[4]

Over the past 50 years, the European Union has expanded from 6 members to 27, there are 7 candidate and potential candidate countries waiting to join. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in A number of western European countries are integrated economically, as part of the Union's single market and/or using its single currency. Through its Common Foreign and Security Policy it has a capability to speak with one voice in the world and has association and free trade agreements with a large number of states, through the European Neighbourhood Policy an Barcelona process is it creating closer ties with those countries on its borders, while developed ties with former colonies, now the ACP countries. This article deals with the workings of European Union foreign policy A European Union Association Agreement (for short Association Agreement or AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU and a non-EU country that creates The European Neighbourhood is the region beyond the frontier of the European Union. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (or Barcelona Process) started in 1995 with the Barcelona Euro-Mediterranean Conference The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention.

Membership in particular has seen a great deal of reform in countries seeking to join; for example the huge reforms seen in Turkey such as the abolition of capital punishment^[5]. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. The development of the Union's influence, and the draw of membership, has been subject to a number of academic writings. For example, Mark Leonard describes the area of EU influence as the Eurosphere, some names are less positive.

Countries within the Eurosphere

According to Mark Leonard, the Eurosphere includes (what were in 2004) 109 countries. In Europe, these were the then-25 members, applicant countries, western Balkan countries and European CIS countries (including transcontinental countries such as Kazakhstan). Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Curiously he does not mention western European countries such as Norway who are integrated into the EU's single market. Outside Europe, he gives a blanket list of every African country and every Middle Eastern country, that is so the countries forming the eastern border of the Eurosphere are Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia and Kazakhstan. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending ^[6]

Other countries that could be said to be within the Eurosphere might include western European countries, such as those in the European Economic Area or using the euro, or the Union's overseas territories. The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e As of 2007 the European Union has 27 member states, most of which participate in all EU policy areas and programs or have signed up to do so Both these groups have strong economic links, through the afore mentioned relationships.

Quotes

List of countries concerned

European Union
This article is part of the series: Foreign relations of the European Union
Policy
CFSP High Representative Javier Solana ER Commissioner Benita Ferrero-Waldner
Candidates Croatia · FYR Macedonia · Turkey · Netherlands Antilles
SAA states Albania · BiH · Kosovo · Montenegro · Serbia
EFTA/EEA Iceland · Liechtenstein · Norway · Switzerland
Eastern Partnership Armenia · Azerbaijan · Belarus · Georgia · Moldova · Ukraine
Mediterranean Union Israel · Morocco
Other relations Russia · Microstates · Cape Verde · Territories · Greenland · Canada · PR China · USA
See also
Neighbourhood Policy · ACP · Economic Relations · Diplomatic Missions · Security · Military · Eurosphere · ESDP missions
v • d • e

See also

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Zielonka, J. José Manuel Durão Barroso (ʒuˈzɛ mɐnuˈɛɫ duˈɾɐ̃ũ bɐˈʁozu born 23 March 1956 is the 12th President of the European Commission. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in This article deals with relations between the European Union and third countries This article deals with the workings of European Union foreign policy The High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (HR is the main co-ordinator of the Common Foreign and Security Policy within the European Union Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga, PhD (born 14 July 1942 in Madrid, Spain is the High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP The Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy is a member of the European Commission with responsibility over the Commissions external representation JUDrBenita Ferrero-Waldner (born September 5 1948) is the European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy and an Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. Croatia applied for European Union membership in 2003 and the European Commission recommended making it an official candidate in early 2004 The accession of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the European Union is one of the highest strategic priorities for the country's government Turkey's application to acceede to the European Union (previously the European Communities) was made on 14 April 1987 In talks with countries who have expressed the wish to join the European Union (EU the EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political Albania was the first of the officially recognized Potential Candidate countries to start the negotiations of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement in 2003 The accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union faces many economic and political problems today Stabilisation Tracking Mechanism is the mirror instrument of the Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP for Kosovo. Serbia and Montenegro started the process of Accession to the European Union in November 2005 when negotiations over a Stabilisation and Association Agreement began Accession of Serbia to the European Union depends on several factors The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe The relationship between Iceland and the European Union is currently defined through Iceland 's membership of the European Economic Area, which allows the country access There are a number of Microstates in Europe; due to their size they are often closely linked with another larger state History See also Norwegian EC referendum 1972 and Norwegian EU referendum 1994 In 1963 Norway and the United Switzerland took part in negotiating the European Economic Area agreement with the European Union. The Eastern Partnership is a project which was formally proposed to be initiated by the European Union (EU Armenia and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years Azerbaijan and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years Belarus and the European Union refers to relations between the Republic of Belarus and the European Union. Georgia and the European Union have maintained positive relations over the years and it is widely considered to be the closest ally and most likely of future Moldova currently aspires to join the European Union and is implementing its first three-year Action Plan within the framework of the European Neighbourhood Policy According to the European parliament the EU is seeking an increasingly close relationship with Ukraine going beyond cooperation to gradual economic integration and deepening of political cooperation The Union for the Mediterranean (Union pour la Méditerranée previously known as the Relations between Israel and the European Union are generally positive The relationship between Morocco and the European Union was established some decades ago There are a number of Microstates in Europe; due to their size they are often closely linked with another larger state Cape Verde is an Island nation part of the Macaronesian group of islands of the Atlantic Ocean and was a former Portuguese colony during the As of 2007 the European Union has 27 member states, most of which participate in all EU policy areas and programs or have signed up to do so Greenland originally joined the European Community with Denmark in 1973 but withdrew in 1985 after a dispute over fishing rights and a referendum on the issue Relations between Canada and the European Union (EU and its forerunners date back to the 1950s The European Union arms embargo on the People's Republic of China is an Embargo which was imposed by the European Union (EU member states on the People's Euro-American relations are the bilateral relations between the European Union (EU and the United States of America (USA The European Neighbourhood is the region beyond the frontier of the European Union. The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. The member states of the European Union speak with the same voice on many issues The European Security and Defence Policy or ESDP is a major element of the Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar of the European Union At present there is no military of the European Union, as the European integration has not developed very far in the area of defence Since 2002 the European Union has become increasingly active abroad under the European Security and Defence Policy. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Republic of Macedonia (Република Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Cayman Islands are a British overseas territory located in the western Caribbean Sea, comprising the islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The European Century is a term which was first used by Mark Leonard in his book Why Europe Will Run the 21st Century (published in the United States under the title Mark Leonard ( 1975) is a British foreign policy thinker and the author of Why Europe Will Run the 21st Century and What Does China Think? The Centre for European Reform is a London-based Think-tank devoted to improving the quality of the debate on the European Union. This article deals with relations between the European Union and third countries Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. A European Union Association Agreement (for short Association Agreement or AA) is a treaty between the European Union (EU and a non-EU country that creates The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe The European Neighbourhood is the region beyond the frontier of the European Union. The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (or Barcelona Process) started in 1995 with the Barcelona Euro-Mediterranean Conference The Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly (EMPA established in Naples on 3 December 2003 by decision of the Ministerial Conference of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership The Union for the Mediterranean (Union pour la Méditerranée previously known as the European Community Humanitarian aid Office (ECHO is the European Commission 's department for Humanitarian aid. Development cooperation between the European Union and the countries of the African Caribbean and Pacific ( ACP) celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2007 The ACP-EU Joint Parliamentary Assembly was created to bring together the elected representatives of the European Community (the Members of the European A federal Europe is a proposal that much of Europe be unified in the manner of a Federation. (2006), Europe as Empire, Oxford University Press: Oxford.
2. ^ Leonard, M. (2005), Why Europe will run the 21st century, Fourth Estate: London.
3. ^ Cooper, R. (2003), The Breaking of Nations, Atlantic Books: London.
4. ^ Birth of a New Rome? www. globalpowereurope. eu
5. ^ EU-Turkey relations euractiv. com
6. ^ Leonard, M. Why Europe will run the 21st century (2004, Fourth Estate). Appendix: p. 145-146.

Further reading

• Ankerl, Guy [2000]. Global communication without universal civilization, INU societal research Vol. 1: Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. Geneva: INU Press. ISBN 2-88155-004-5.  

External links

• [1] The EU as a Regional Normative Hegemon: The Case of European Neighbourhood Policy
• Mahony, Honor (2007-07-11) Barroso says EU is an 'empire' - EU Observer. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.