Eurobarometer is a series of surveys regularly performed on behalf of the European Commission since 1973. Statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information about items in a population The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. It produces reports of public opinion of certain issues relating to the European Union across the member states. That the manufacture of consent is capable of great refinements no one I think denies The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Eurobarometer results are published by the Public Opinion Analysis Sector [1] of the European Commission - Directorate General Communication[2].
The Eurobarometer program was initially launched and managed by Jacques-René Rabier in co-operation with Ronald Inglehart. Between 1987 and 1996 it was continued and enlarged under the direction of Karlheinz Reif.
Eurobarometer was originally conceived of as a way to improve the information and communication strategy of the EU. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in It is a useful tool for discerning public opinions on a large variety of issues relating to the EU, for example, on the acceptance of new member states.
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Forerunners of Eurobarometer
In 1970 and 1971 the European Commission conducted surveys in the six member countries (at that time) of the European Community (Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands). Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands These European Communities Studies assessed public opinion on individual national priorities as well as on integrated European functions and organizations, including the Common Market (European Economic Community). The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992
In 1972-1973, national referendums were held regarding the enlargement of the European Community to include Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Regular semi-annual polls of member nations began in September 1973 now including nine countries, with the survey series first being given the name Eurobarometer in 1974. The fieldwork for Euro-Barometer 1 was conducted in April-May of that year, with results published in July.
Already in 1962 and under the header "Attitudes towards Europe" a first international survey on attitudes towards European unification was carried out by GALLUP International on request of the Press- and Information Service of the European Communities (EEC) in Germany, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
Standard Eurobarometer survey
The Standard Eurobarometer survey series is a cross-national longitudinal study, designed to compare and gauge trends within member states of the European Union (formerly European Communities). The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in
The Standard Eurobarometer survey is carried out each autumn and spring. Autumn (also known as fall in North American English) is one of the four Temperate Seasons Autumn marks the transition from Summer Spring is one of the four Temperate Seasons Spring marks the transition from Winter into Summer. Although the range of questions has been expanded over the years, the programme aims to keep most of the survey constant, so that data is comparable over time. Starting with Eurobarometer 34 (1990) separate supplementary surveys on special topics have been conducted under almost each Eurobarometer number. Since autumn 2004 the Standard Eurobarometer is carried out by TNS Opinion and Social [3].
Special irregularly repeated modules investigate topics such as agriculture, biotechnology, energy, environment, gender roles, family, youth, elderly, health related issues, immigration, poverty, regional identity, science and technology, working conditions, consumer behaviour, urban traffic etc. in a European perspective. In the case of some supplementary studies, special youth and elderly samples have been drawn. The Young Europeans Reports is a series of representative surveys of young Europeans (15-24 conducted on behalf of the European Commission and is part of the Eurobarometer. The youth supplement to the standard Eurobarometer occurs irregularly, and has so far taken place in 1982, 1987, 1990, and 1997. The Young Europeans Reports is a series of representative surveys of young Europeans (15-24 conducted on behalf of the European Commission and is part of the Eurobarometer. hu
Flash Eurobarometer
The Flash Eurobarometer were introduced by the European Commission in the 1990s. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. It consists of interviews, conducted by telephone, which are undertaken on an ad hoc basis. A Flash EB survey can be carried out at the request of either the Commission or any other EU institution. The main advantage of the Flash EB, as opposed to a normal Eurobarometer survey, is that it is a lot faster, providing results almost instantaneously. In addition, it is more suitable to the targeting of specific groups within the population of the EU, to find out their opinions on the topic in question. An example would be one conducted in April 2004 about the introduction of the Euro in the new EU member states [4]. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. Until 2005 the Flash Eurobarometer have been carried out by EOS Gallup Europe [5]. In 2006 the contract has been awarded to The Gallup Organization Europe (Gallup Europe)[6].
Central and Eastern Eurobarometer
The Central and Eastern Eurobarometer series was carried out on behalf of the European Commission between 1990 and 1997. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. Once a year the CEEB surveys have been monitoring economic and political changes, and attitudes towards Europe and the European Union in up to 20 countries of the region.
Candidate countries Eurobarometer
In October 2001, the European Commission launched a series of surveys in the 13 countries that were applying for European Union membership under the heading Candidate Eurobarometer (initially named Applicant Countries Eurobarometer or AC-EB). The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. The CC-EB surveys were carried out in Bulgaria, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Turkey. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches After the EU enlargements in 2004 and 2007, the CC-EB countries are included in the Standard Eurobarometer, intermittently still comprising the remaining candidates, Turkey, and Croatia, as well as the Turkish Cypriot community (Northern Cyprus). Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Candidate Countries Eurobarometer gathered information from the societies which were going to become members of the EU in a way that is comparable with the Standard Eurobarometer. In 2003, the Candidate Countries Eurobaraometer included a supplement on Youth in New Europe, which provided an interesting basis for comparison with the Eurobarometer Reports on Young People. The Young Europeans Reports is a series of representative surveys of young Europeans (15-24 conducted on behalf of the European Commission and is part of the Eurobarometer. The Young Europeans Reports is a series of representative surveys of young Europeans (15-24 conducted on behalf of the European Commission and is part of the Eurobarometer.
See also
External links
- Public Opinion Analysis sector of the European Commission DG Communication providing public access to the official Eurobarometer reports
- Data Archive services providing access to all Eurobarometer case level data for re-use (statistical analysis) in social science research and training (GESIS-ZA)
- Cross-national survey programs historical overview and links to resources (GESIS-ZA)
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