Citizendia

City of Etobicoke (Dissolved)
Flag of City of Etobicoke (Dissolved)
Flag
CountryCanada
ProvinceOntario
Established1 January 1850 (township)
 1 January 1967 (borough)
Incorporated
Amalgamation		June 1983 (city)
1 January 1998
Government
 - MayorDavid Miller (Toronto Mayor)
 - Governing BodyToronto City Council
 - MPsRoy Cullen, Michael Ignatieff, Borys Wrzesnewskyj
 - MPPsShafiq Qaadri, Donna Cansfield, Laurel Broten
Area [1]
 - Total123. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) David Raymond Miller (born December 26, 1958) is a Canadian politician Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and Roy Cullen, PC, MP (born December 31, 1944, in Montreal Quebec) is a Liberal Party of Canada Member of Parliament Michael Grant Ignatieff, MP (/ɪgˈnatʃəf/ (born May 12, 1947 in Toronto) is a Public intellectual, Historian, Borys Wrzesnewskyj (pronounced ˌrɛzˈnɛfski / Rez-NEV-skee born November 10, 1960) is a Canadian politician who represents the riding of Etobicoke Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers. Shafiq Qaadri is a family doctor and politician in Ontario, Canada. Donna H Cansfield MPP is Politician in Ontario, Canada, who has represented the riding of Etobicoke Centre in the Legislative Laurel C Broten is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. She is currently a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 93 km² (47. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi)
Population (2001 census)[1]
 - Total338,117
 - Density2,728. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/km² (7,066. 3/sq mi)
Time zoneEST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST)EDT (UTC-4)
Postal code spanM8V-M9C, M9P-M9R, M9V-M9W
Area code(s)416, 647

Etobicoke (pronounced /ɛˈtoʊbɨkoʊ/ listen (help·info)) is the western portion of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with an official population of 338,117 [1] as measured by the 2001 Census and 334,491 people as of the 2006 Census. The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 416 is one of the original 86 area codes from 1947, and currently serves the single rate centre of Toronto, Ontario. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page While it only contains 13% of Toronto's population, it occupies about 20% of the total land area. It is bordered on the south by Lake Ontario, on the east by the Humber River, on the west by the city of Mississauga and directly next to the border Pearson International Airport, and on the north by the city of Vaughan. Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. This article is about the river in Toronto Ontario Canada Links to other rivers of the same name can be found here. Mississauga (ˌmɪsɪˈsɑgə) incorporated in 1974 is a City located in the Regional Municipality of Peel Lester B Pearson International Airport is a major International airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated 27 kilometres (17 mi northwest

Contents

History

Different groups of First Nations peoples used the land that is now Etobicoke at different times. As the Algonquins gradually moved west from the Atlantic to Lake Erie, it is almost certain that they would have occupied this land at some point. The Algonquins (or Algonkins) are an aboriginal North American people speaking Algonquin, an Anishinaabe language. By the time they were mostly settled on the shores of Georgian Bay, The Huron-Wendat were the primary residents of the north shore of Lake Ontario and, somewhere in the 1600s, they were pushed out by the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) people. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse After continued harassment from the south, a coalition of the Ojibway, Odawa and Potawatomi Algonquin nations, known as the Three Fires, gradually pushed the Haudenosaunee off this land and the Mississaugas settled there by 1695, fishing and growing crops more locally in the summer and hunting further afield in the winter. The Ojibwa or Chippewa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippeway) is the largest group of Native Americans - First Nations The Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie and Pottawatomi, among many variations) are a Native American people of the upper Mississippi The Mississaugas are a subtribe of the Anishinaabe First Nations people located in southern Ontario, Canada, closely related to the Ojibwa [1]

It is thought that the French explorer, Étienne Brûlé, was the first European to visit the area, circa 1615. Étienne Brûlé ( c 1592 ( Champigny-sur-Marne, France) &ndash c

The name "Etobicoke" was derived from the Mississauga word wah-do-be-kang (wadoopikaang)[2], meaning "place where the black/wild alders grow", which was used to describe the area between Etobicoke Creek and the Humber River. Alder is the common name of a Genus of Flowering plants ( Alnus) belonging to the Birch family (Family Betulaceae) Etobicoke Creek (ɛˈtoʊbɨkoʊ) is one of the many creeks running through Toronto, Ontario and the Toronto Area into Lake Ontario This article is about the river in Toronto Ontario Canada Links to other rivers of the same name can be found here.

Etobicoke was intended by the British to be included in the Toronto Purchase of 1787. The Toronto Purchase was an agreement between the British crown and the Mississaugas of New Credit in 1787. [3] However, whether the western boundary of the purchase was the Humber River or Etobicoke Creek was disputed. There are several rivers in the world called the Humber River: Humber River (estuary England on the eastern coast Humber River (Newfoundland Etobicoke Creek (ɛˈtoʊbɨkoʊ) is one of the many creeks running through Toronto, Ontario and the Toronto Area into Lake Ontario The Mississauga Indians allowed British surveyor Alexander Atkins to survey the disputed land, and eventually the dispute was settled, with the Mississauga recognising the purchase as extending to Etobicoke Creek, and the British paying an additional 10 shillings for the purchase. The Mississaugas are a subtribe of the Anishinaabe First Nations people located in southern Ontario, Canada, closely related to the Ojibwa The shilling is a unit of Currency used in current and former Commonwealth countries and was continued to be used in countries that left the commonwealth

The first provincial land surveyor, Augustus Jones, also spelled it as "ato-be-coake". Augustus Jones (ca 1757 – November 16 1836 was an American born Upper Canadian Farmer, land speculator, Magistrate, Etobicoke was finally adopted as the official name in 1795 on the direction of Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A Lieutenant Governor is a high officer of state whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction Lieutenant-General John Graves Simcoe ( February 25, 1752 &ndash October 26, 1806) was the first Lieutenant governor of Upper [3]

Settlers began to move in from Britain. Early settlers of Etobicoke included many of the Queen's Rangers, who were given land in the area by Lieutenant Governor Simcoe to help protect the new capital of Upper Canada. The Queen's Rangers was a military unit who fought on the Loyalist side during the American War of Independence. In 1795 the Honourable Samuel Bois Smith, a captain in the Queen's Rangers, received a grant of 1530 acres, extending from Kipling Avenue to Etobicoke Creek, and north to Bloor Street. The Queen's Rangers was a military unit who fought on the Loyalist side during the American War of Independence. Kipling Avenue is a street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is a Concession road, 6 concessions (12km from Yonge Street, and is a Bloor Street is a major east-west commercial thoroughfare in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [4] The first land patent was issued to Sergeant Patrick Mealey on March 18, 1797 for a plot on the west side of Royal York Road on Lake Ontario. A land patent is evidence of Right, title, and/or interest to a tract of land usually granted by a central, federal, or State Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Royal York Road is a north-south Arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [5] More land was given to the members of the Queen's Rangers between Royal York Road and Kipling Road south of Bloor Road.

The census of 1805 counted 84 people living in the township of Etobicoke. In 1806 William Cooper built a grist mill and saw mill on the west bank of the Humber river, just south of Dundas Street. William Cooper may refer to Government William Cooper (judge (1754-1809 father of James Fenimore Cooper and founder of Cooperstown New York A gristmill or grist mill is a building where Grain is ground into Flour, or the grinding mechanism itself A sawmill is a facility where logs are cut into boards Sawmill process A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of 100 years ago a log enters Dundas Street may refer to Dundas Street in Scotland Dundas Street in Hong Kong Dundas Street (Toronto The 1809 census counted 137 residents. [3] The Dundas Street bridge opened in 1816, making the township more accessible.

On May 18, 1846 the Albion Road Company was incorporated. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Its purpose was to build and maintain a road to the north-west corner of Etobicoke, where a new community was planned. At the same time, John Grubb, who had already founded Thistletown, hired land surveyor John Stughton Dennis to plan a community at the intersection of Islington Avenue and Albion Road, to be named Saint Andrew's. Thistletown is a culturally diverse neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Islington Avenue is a north-south route travelling through the City of Toronto and York Region. Albion Road, formerly Highway 50 west of Highway 27 runs from the Intersection of Weston Road and Walsh Avenue to Steeles Avenue near Highway Plan 6 for this community was registered on October 15, 1847. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The French master of Upper Canada College, Jean du Petit Pont de la Haye, contracted land surveyor James McCallum Jr to create a plan for the community planned by the Albion Road Company, and Plan 28 was registered for Claireville on October 12, 1849. Upper Canada College (UCC is a private elementary and Secondary school for boys in downtown Toronto, Canada. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [5]

Etobicoke township in 1878
Etobicoke township in 1878

The township of Etobicoke was incorporated on January 1, 1850. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link [6] The first meeting of the town council was held on January 21st. Present at the meeting were reeve William Gamble, vice-reeve W. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government William Gamble ( 5 August 1805 &ndash 20 March 1881) was a Canadian Businessman and pioneer B. Wadsworth and aldermen Moses Appleby, Thomas Fisher and John Geddes. John Geddes ( December 25, 1777 March 4, 1828) was an Antebellum Democratic-Republican Governor of South [7] The council convened monthly meetings at a variety of places. In 1850, the population of the township was 2904.

In 1881, the population of Etobicoke township was 2976. [7]

In 1911, the community of Mimico was incorporated on land taken from Etobicoke township. For the station in the GO Transit system see Mimico GO Station. [8] New Toronto was incorporated on January 1, 1913[3]. New Toronto is a neighbourhood near the southwest corner of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Early on there was talk of merging Mimico and New Toronto. A 1916 referendum on amalgamating the two communities was approved by the residents of Mimico, but rejected by residents of New Toronto. [4] In 1920, the village of New Toronto became the town of New Toronto. Long Branch was incorporated in 1931. Long Branch is a neighbourhood in the extreme southwestern section of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

In 1954, Etobicoke Township became a part of the newly-formed regional government, the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto ("Metro"). The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was the senior level of Municipal government in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area from 1954 to

In 1967, the township of Etobicoke was merged with three small lakeside municipalities — Long Branch, New Toronto, and Mimico — to form the borough of Etobicoke. Long Branch is a neighbourhood in the extreme southwestern section of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. New Toronto is a neighbourhood near the southwest corner of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. For the station in the GO Transit system see Mimico GO Station. The borough was reincorporated as a city in 1983. [6]

In 1998, six local municipalities (including Etobicoke) and the Metropolitan Toronto government merged to form the amalgamated city of Toronto. A megacity is generally defined as a Metropolitan area with a total Population in excess of 10 million people

Demographics

In 2001, Etobicoke was 65. 2% White, 12% South Asian, 9% Black, 3% Chinese, 2% Latin American, 2% Filipino, 1% Korean, 1% West Asian, 1% Arab, and 4% Other. [2] Approximately 46% of the population are immigrants.

Culture

A view of Etobicoke from Budapest Park, looking west across Humber Bay.
A view of Etobicoke from Budapest Park, looking west across Humber Bay. Humber Bay is a bay of Lake Ontario south of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Etobicoke has the lowest population density out of the former cities and boroughs that currently make up the city of Toronto. This is mainly due to its vast expanses of industrial lands. Several major freeways are routed through the area, making the area ideal for automobile-based transportation. Public transit does not serve the area well, with few rapid transit connections.

Many exceptions to Toronto's gridded street matrix are found in Etobicoke. A number of overpasses and awkward intersections, such as Bloor/Kipling/Dundas West, have been created in an effort to reconcile the grid with these planning anomalies.

Etobicoke has numerous public parks, notable among them is James Gardens on the banks of the Humber River. The park includes seasonal flowers, walkways, a rock garden, streams, and waterfalls. It is a very popular site for taking wedding photographs. A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage. The Humber Bay park is mostly located in Etobicoke.

The central/southern areas of Etobicoke are better served by public transit and closer to the city centre. These areas, such as Markland Wood, The Kingsway and New Toronto, consist of large green spaces, numerous parks, golf courses (including St. Markland Wood is a quiet residential neighbourhood located in Etobicoke (west Toronto) Ontario, Canada bounded by Etobicoke Creek The Kingsway is an affluent residential neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. New Toronto is a neighbourhood near the southwest corner of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Georges Golf & Country Club, ranked 3rd best in Canada)[3], numerous restaurants and cafes, and fine boutiques. Residential development consists primarily of single-family dwellings. Kingsway South neighbourhood has attracted many affluent individuals and families (as of 2001, over 50% of households have an income in excess of C$100,000/year)[4], and remains one of Toronto's more prominent neighbourhoods. The Kingsway is an affluent residential neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The central areas of Etobicoke, although farther from the subway line, are still well-served by public transit buses. The Toronto subway and RT is the main Rapid transit (RT railway system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada operated by the Toronto These neighbourhoods are generally middle class. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power.

Unfortunately, some areas in Etobicoke have become neglected, "inner-ring" suburbs, such as Rexdale. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Rexdale is a community located in the north-west corner of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Car culture infrastructure built in the 1960s is in a state of disrepair. Over the course of the 20th century the Automobile rapidly developed from an expensive toy for the rich into the De facto standard for passenger Transport These areas are dominated by unadorned, single-story development and treeless, tarmac-covered prairie. Deflated real estate values have made these areas concentrated areas of poverty and crime. These central and northern areas of Etobicoke contain numerous high-density apartment complexes set in the middle of sizable, open fields and parks.

Etobicoke is home to Humber College, University of Guelph-Humber, Woodbine Race Track and Slots, Woodbine Centre and Sherway Gardens Shopping Centre. Humber College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning (generally referred to as Humber) is a College in Toronto, Ontario, The University of Guelph-Humber is a university-college partnership between the University of Guelph and Humber College. History The current Woodbine carries the name originally used by a racetrack which operated in east Toronto at Queen Street East and Kingston Road from 1874 through 1993 Sherway Gardens is a major Shopping mall located in Toronto Ontario with over 200 stores

Mayors and Reeves of Etobicoke

Education

Public schools in Etobicoke are overseen by the Toronto District School Board. Christopher Dennis Flynn OOnt ( December 17 1923 - August 19 2003) was Chairman of Metropolitan Toronto from Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Doug Holyday is a city councillor in Toronto, Canada, who represents Ward 3 which is part of Etobicoke Centre. Toronto District School Board, also known as TDSB, is the English -language public school board for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. High schools include Weston Collegiate Institute, Central Etobicoke High School, Etobicoke Collegiate Institute, founded in 1928, Kipling Collegiate Institute, Lakeshore Collegiate Institute, Martingrove Collegiate Institute, North Albion Collegiate Institute, Richview Collegiate Institute, founded in 1958, Silverthorn Collegiate Institute, Thistletown Collegiate Institute, West Humber Collegiate Institute, founded in 1966, Etobicoke School of the Arts, founded in 1981, Scarlett Heights Entrepreneurial Academy, and the School of Experiential Education, an alternative school founded in 1971. Weston Collegiate Institute is a Grade 9 to Grade 12 High School located in the York South-Weston area of Toronto Ontario Canada Etobicoke Collegiate Institute (ECI is a large High school located in Toronto 's west end overseen by the Toronto District School Board. Kipling Collegiate Institute is a public High school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Lakeshore Collegiate Institute (formerly New Toronto Secondary School and often abbreviated to TITTY is a High school that serves The Village Martingrove Collegiate Institute ( MCI) is a non-semestered public secondary school located at the intersection of Eglinton Avenue and Martin North Albion Collegiate Institute is a High school in Etobicoke Ontario, Canada. Richview Collegiate Institute is a secondary school in Etobicoke, a suburb in the west end of Toronto Ontario. Silverthorn Collegiate Institute (SCI is a high school located in the west end of Toronto. Thistletown Collegiate Institute is a high school in northwest Toronto. West Humber Collegiate Institute is a High school located in Rexdale, at the corner of Martingrove Road and John Garland Blvd (just south of Finch Avenue The Etobicoke School of the Arts is a specialized public arts-academic high school located in Etobicoke area of Toronto, Canada. Description Scarlett Heights Entrepreneurial Academy ( SHEA) is a unique Secondary school within the Toronto District School Board whose curriculum School of Experiential Education (SEE is a small alternative High school located in Toronto 's west end

In addition to the public school system, Etobicoke is home to several Catholic schools, overseen by the Toronto Catholic District School Board. This article is about Catholic schools in general for specific schools named Catholic High School, see Catholic High School (disambiguation. The Toronto Catholic District School Board ( TCDSB) is one of three school boards in the city of Toronto Ontario, Canada. These include Michael Power/St. Joseph, Bishop Allen Academy, Don Bosco (formerly Keiller Mackay Collegiate Institute), Father John Redmond, Father Henry Carr, Holy Child, Nativity of Our Lord Elementary School, and Monsignor Percy Johnson. Michael Power/St Joseph High School is a Catholic Secondary School in Etobicoke, part of the city of Toronto, Canada Bishop Allen Academy is a mid sized High school located in Toronto 's west end overseen by the Toronto Catholic District School Board. Father Henry Carr Secondary School is a Catholic High school administered by the Toronto Catholic District School Board in Etobicoke Ontario, which Nativity of Our Lord Elementary School is a Catholic elementary school in Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada.

Other schools include: Humberwood Downs J. M. A. , West Humber Junior, Smithfield, Elmbank, Humbercrest, Missisauga private school, and many more.

Sport

The area is home to the local Etobicoke & District Cricket League. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Etobicoke has a local soccer team known as the Etobicoke Football Club. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered It is home to the Etobicoke Kangaroos Australian rules football club, participating in the Ontario Australian Football League. The Etobicoke Kangaroos are an amateur Australian rules football club based in Etobicoke Ontario, Canada. Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players The Ontario Australian Football League is the largest Australian rules football league in North America It is home to the Etobicoke Ringette Association, competing in the Central Ontario Ringette League. Ringette is a team Sport played on an Ice surface Players are generally women wear ice skates and use straight sticks to control a rubber ring with the objective Etobicoke Canucks is in the Greater Toronto Hockey League. The Greater Toronto Hockey League (GTHL formerly known as the "Metro Toronto Hockey League" is a minor level Ice hockey organization based out of the Toronto There is the Etobicoke Dolphins Girls Hockey Assosiation who play in the LLFHL (Lower Lakes Female Hockey League).

Notable residents or natives

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation and Praxis Research Associates. Toronto, Ontario, Canada is called "the city of neighbourhoods" because of the strength and vitality of its many communities Date unknown. The History of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation. Hagersville, ON: Author.
  2. ^ Nichols, John D. and Earl Nyholm. 1994. A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
  3. ^ a b c d A Brief History of Etobicoke.
  4. ^ a b Early History. New Toronto Historical Society.
  5. ^ a b Bob Given. Beginnings!. Etobicoke Historical Society.
  6. ^ a b Etobicoke Records. City of Toronto.
  7. ^ a b Robert A Given. Our Municipal Government. Etobicoke Historical Society.
  8. ^ Toronto Chronology.

References

Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
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