Erfurt
Mariendom and the Severikirche
Coat of arms	Location
Details
Administration
Country	Germany
State	Thuringia
District	Urban district
City subdivisions	53 districts
Lord Mayor	Andreas Bausewein (SPD)
Basic statistics
Area	269. The Wheel of Mainz or Mainzer Rad was the coat of arms of the Electorate of Mainz Germany. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 17 km² (103. 9 sq mi)
Elevation	158-430 m
Population	202,844  (31/12/2006)[1]
- Density	754 /km² (1,952 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate	EF
Postal codes	99001-99198
Area code	0361
Website	www.erfurt.de Coordinates: 50°59′0″N 11°2′0″E / 50.98333, 11.03333

Drawing of Erfurt in the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493)

Erfurt (pronounced [ˈɛɐ̯fʊɐ̯t]) is a city in central Germany. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Nuremberg Chronicle, written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt is one of the best documented early printed books A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is the capital of the state of Thuringia with a population of 202,619 (2006). The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany.

Erfurt is located 100 km SW of Leipzig, 113 km SE of Kassel and 180 km SE of Hannover. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen Erfurt Airport can be reached by plane via Munich, Cologne, Düsseldorf and Hamburg. Erfurt Airport is the national airport of Erfurt, Germany. Ground transportation With the extension of tram No Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany

Geography

Since the Reunification of Germany on October 3, 1990, Erfurt is the main city nearest to the geographical centre of the country. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) It lies in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin, within the wide valley of Gera River, a tributary of the Unstrut. The Gera is a River in Thuringia, Germany, a right tributary of the Unstrut. The Unstrut is a River in Germany, left tributary of the Saale. To the south, the city is surrounded by hilly forest ("Steigerwald").

History

Erfurt was first mentioned in 742 under the name of "Erphesfurt". It was an important trading town during the Middle Ages near a ford across the Gera river. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled Together with the other five Thuringian woad-towns of Gotha, Tennstedt, Arnstadt and Langensalza it was the centre of the German woad trade. Gotha is a town in Thuringia, within the central core of Germany. Bad Tennstedt is a Town in the Unstrut-Hainich district in Thuringia, Germany. Arnstadt is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany, situated on the Gera River Bad Langensalza (until 1956: Langensalza) is a city in the County of Unstrut-Hainich, Thuringia, Germany, with a population of

In 1349, during the wave of pogroms which followed the Black Plague across Europe, the Jews of Erfurt were rounded up, with more than 100 killed and the rest driven from the city, and the ghetto burned. A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure Recently, the remains of the medieval synagogue have been discovered beneath newer buildings, and are being restored. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of

In 1392 the University of Erfurt was founded, which was famous in its time, became defunct in 1816, and was refounded in 1994 by the Thuringian state parliament. The University of Erfurt is a German University History The University of Erfurt was founded in 1392 as the third university in the territory

Erfurt became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1802, part of the First French Empire in 1806, and was returned to Prussia in 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Although enclosed by Thuringian territory, the city remained part of the Prussian Province of Saxony until 1944. }The Province of Saxony (Provinz Sachsen was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Free State of Prussia from 1816 until 1945 The city was the site of the failed Erfurt Union of German states in 1850. The Erfurt Union (Erfurter Union was a short-lived union of German states under a Federation, proposed by the Kingdom of Prussia at Erfurt,

On April 12, 1945, during World War II, Erfurt was taken by units of the U.S. Third Army under General George Patton. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including United States Army Central, formerly the Third United States Army was a field army of the United States Army. For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. On July 3, American troops left the city and it was occupied by the Soviet Red Army. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya In contrast to most other major German cities, Erfurt suffered only limited damage from Allied air raids during the war. Erfurt fell in the Soviet Zone of occupation, which would later become East Germany. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state

After German reunification, Erfurt became the capital of the re-established state of Thuringia. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany.

On April 26, 2002, the student Robert Steinhäuser killed thirteen teachers, two students, a police officer and himself at Erfurt's Gutenberg-Gymnasium school (see Erfurt massacre). Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. A gymnasium (pronounced with ɡ- in several languages is a type of school providing Secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar The Erfurt school shooting was a school shooting that occurred on April 26, 2002 at the Johann Gutenberg Gymnasium in Erfurt

Main sights

The Krämerbrücke

Erfurt has preserved an intact medieval city centre.

Erfurt is symbolised by the two churches, the Mariendom and the Severikirche, which stand directly side by side and together form the emblem of the city. Both churches tower above the townscape and are accessible via huge open stairs.

Another remarkable site is the Krämerbrücke, a bridge crossing the narrow Gera River. Krämerbrücke is a bridge in the Thuringian city of Erfurt ( Germany) which is — without gap — covered with inhabitated ( Half timbered) buildings A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water The bridge is covered with inhabited buildings. It was built in 1325 with a church on either bridgehead, one of which still functional. A bridgehead (also 'Bridge-head' French tête-de-pont) is a military Fortification that protects the end of a Bridge that is closest to the

The Augustinerkloster is an old Augustinian monastery. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations Martin Luther studied in the Augustinerkloster for a few years after 1505. Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer

Culture

The cathedral Mariendom at night.

Martin Luther attended the University of Erfurt and received his bachelor's and master's degrees there. Luther lived there as a student from 1501-11 and as a monk from 1505–11.

Erfurt is the birthplace of one of Johann Sebastian Bach's cousins, Johann Bernhard Bach, as well as Johann Sebastian Bach's father Johann Ambrosius Bach. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise" Johann Bernhard Bach (May 23 1676 - June 11 1749 was a German composer and cousin of J Johann Ambrosius Bach ( February 24, 1645 – February 24, 1695) was a German musician Bach's parents were married in a small church that still exists on the main square, Anger. Meister Eckhart and the sociologist Max Weber also lived in the city. Meister Eckhart OP (c 1260–c 1328 is the most common formula used to refer to Eckhart von Hochheim, a German theologian Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (maks 'veːbɐ (21 April 1864 &ndash 14 June 1920 was a German political economist and sociologist who was considered

Johann Pachelbel served as organist at the Prediger church in Erfurt. Pachelbel composed approximately seventy pieces for organ while in Erfurt. Since 1906 the composer Richard Wetz lived in Erfurt and became the leading person in the town's musical life. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Richard Wetz ( February 26 1875 — 16 January 1935 His major works were written here, too, so three symphonies, a Requiem and a Christmas Oratorio.

Erfurt is an important population centre in the fictional United States of Europe in the alternate history book series based on the novel 1632. It is the major city of substantial size located nearest (to the displaced in time and space) town of Grantville, WV whose citizens are the joint protagonists unifying Germany and introducing the industrial revolution 'a few centuries early' during the complications posed by the Thirty Years' War. See also 1632 series, The Grantville Gazettes Grantville is a fictional town modeled after the real town of Mannington, West Virginia For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War.

Erfurt Theater

Since 2003, the modern new built opera house is home of Theater Erfurt and its Philharmonic Orchestra. The "grand stage" section has 800 seats and the "studio stage" can hold 200 spectators. In September 2005, the opera Waiting for the Barbarians by Philip Glass premiered in the opera house. Waiting for the Barbarians is a Novel by the South African author J WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Philip Glass (born January 31

The Erfurt Theater has been source of controversy recently. In 2005 a performance of Humperdinck's opera Hänsel und Gretel - stirred up the local press since the performance contained suggestions of pedophilia and incest. Engelbert Humperdinck ( September 1, 1854 &ndash September 27, 1921) was a German Composer, best known for his Opera Hansel and Gretel ( Hänsel und Gretel) is a Fairy tale of Germanic origin adapted by the Brothers Grimm and earlier by Giambattista The opera was advertised in the program with the addition "for adults only".

On April 12, 2008, a version of Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Un ballo in maschera" directed by Johann Kresnik opened at the Erfurt Theater. Un ballo in maschera (A Masked Ball, is an Opera in three acts by Giuseppe Verdi with text by Antonio Somma. The production stirred deep controversy by featuring nude performers in Mickey Mouse masks dancing on the ruins of the World Trade Center and a female singer with a painted on Hitler toothbrush moustache performing a straight arm Nazi salute, along with sinister portrayals of American soldiers, Uncle Sam, and Elvis Presley impersonators. Mickey Mouse is a comic animal Cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Uncle Sam is a National personification of the United States (US with the first usage of the term dating from the War of 1812 and the first The director described the production as a populist critique of modern American society, aimed at showing up the disparities between rich and poor. The controversy prompted one local politician to call for locals to boycott the performances, but this was largely ignored and the premiere was sold out. ^[2]

Transport

Erfurt lies on two Bundesstraßen (federal motorways):

• Bundesstraße 4 from Ilmenau in south to Nordhausen in north and
• Bundesstraße 7 from Gotha in west to Weimar in east. Bundesstraßen are German and Austrian federal highways The main distinguishing characteristic between German Bundesstraßen and the world-famous Ilmenau is a town located in the district of Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany. Nordhausen is a City at the southern edge of the Harz mountains in the state of Thuringia, Germany. Weimar (ˈvaɪmaʁ is a City in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of Thuringia (Thüringen north of the Thüringer Wald,

Also there are two Autobahnen crossing each other at Erfurter Kreuz nearby: The Bundesautobahn 4 from Frankfurt am Main to Dresden and the Bundesautobahn 71 (Erfurt-Meiningen-Schweinfurt) from Würzburg to Sangerhausen (and Halle (Saale) via Bundesautobahn 38). (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor is an Autobahn that crosses Germany in a west-east direction The western segment has a length of 134 km (83 mi the part in the east is 381 km (237 mi long Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Exit list |colspan="3"|----|-|colspan="3"|---- |} Meiningen is a town in Germany - located in the Southern part of the state of Thuringia and the district seat of Schmalkalden-Meiningen. Schweinfurt ( German for Swine ford) is a city in the Lower Franconia region of Bavaria in Germany on the right Würzburg (ˈvʏɐ̯ʦbʊɐ̯k is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany Sangerhausen (zaŋɐˈhaʊzən is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, capital of the district of Mansfeld-Südharz, without being part of it Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Exit list |-|colspan="3"|----|-|-|colspan="3"|----|-|colspan="3"|----|-|colspan="3"|----292 m455 m|}

There have been trams in the city since 1883. Today there are seven tram lines to most of the parts of Erfurt.

Railways run from Erfurt station to Berlin (via Weimar, Naumburg, Halle and Wittenberg), Dresden (via Weimar, Naumburg, Leipzig and Riesa), Frankfurt am Main (via Gotha, Eisenach, Bebra, Fulda and Hanau), Würzburg (via Arnstadt, Suhl, Meiningen, Bad Neustadt and Schweinfurt), Ilmenau, Saalfeld, Nordhausen (via Sondershausen), Magdeburg (via Sömmerda, Sangerhausen, Staßfurt and Schönebeck), Bad Langensalza and Kassel/Göttingen (via Mühlhausen, Leinefelde-Worbis and Heiligenstadt). is the central Railway station of Erfurt in Germany. It is an important junctions of the German railways and is served by numerous local and long-distance rail services Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Weimar (ˈvaɪmaʁ is a City in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of Thuringia (Thüringen north of the Thüringer Wald, Naumburg (ˈnaʊ̯mbʊɐ̯k is a town in Germany, on the Saale River. Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a Town in Germany in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, on the Elbe Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Weimar (ˈvaɪmaʁ is a City in Germany. It is located in the Bundesland of Thuringia (Thüringen north of the Thüringer Wald, Naumburg (ˈnaʊ̯mbʊɐ̯k is a town in Germany, on the Saale River. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Riesa is a town in the district of Meißen in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Eisenach is a city in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated between the northern foothills of the Thuringian Forest and the Hainich National Park Bebra is a town to the Hersfeld-Rotenburg district in Hesse, Germany. Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis Hanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main. Würzburg (ˈvʏɐ̯ʦbʊɐ̯k is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany Arnstadt is a town in Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany, situated on the Gera River Suhl is a Town in Thuringia, Germany. Its Population in 2003 was 43610 Meiningen is a town in Germany - located in the Southern part of the state of Thuringia and the district seat of Schmalkalden-Meiningen. Bad Neustadt is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the Rhön-Grabfeld district in Lower Franconia. Schweinfurt ( German for Swine ford) is a city in the Lower Franconia region of Bavaria in Germany on the right Ilmenau is a town located in the district of Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany. Saalfeld (Saalfeld/Saale is a Town of Germany, capital of the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district of Thuringia. Nordhausen is a City at the southern edge of the Harz mountains in the state of Thuringia, Germany. Sondershausen is a town in Thuringia, Germany, capital of the Kyffhäuserkreis district situated about 50 km north of Erfurt. Magdeburg ( Low Saxon: Meideborg ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐx the Capital city of the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Sömmerda is a town near Erfurt in Thuringia, Germany, on the Unstrut river Sangerhausen (zaŋɐˈhaʊzən is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, capital of the district of Mansfeld-Südharz, without being part of it Staßfurt (ˈʃtasfʊʁt is a town in the Salzlandkreis district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Schönebeck (ˈʃøːnəbɛk is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Bad Langensalza (until 1956: Langensalza) is a city in the County of Unstrut-Hainich, Thuringia, Germany, with a population of Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Göttingen ( ˈgœtɪŋən, Low German: Chöttingen is a College town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Mühlhausen (official Mühlhausen/Thüringen) is a City in the Federal state Thuringia, Germany. Leinefelde-Worbis is a town in the district of Eichsfeld, in northwestern Thuringia, Germany.

References

External links

• Official website (German, English, French)
• Erfurt City Panoramas - Panoramic Views and virtual Tours
• Kraemerbruecke
• Sister City (since 1993) with Shawnee, Kansas
• World Shots. Germany. Erfurt. - Collection of photographs (English, Russian, Hebrew)