| Enschede | |
 | |
 | |
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Overijssel |
| Area (2006) | |
| - Total | 142. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Overijssel (Transiselania is a Province of the Netherlands in the central eastern part of the country Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 75 km² (55. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi) |
| - Land | 141. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 09 km² (54. 5 sq mi) |
| - Water | 1. 67 km² (0. 6 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2007) | |
| - Total | 154. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 888 |
| - Density | 1,096/km² (2,838. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi) |
| Source: CBS, Statline. Statistics Netherlands, founded in 1899, is a Dutch governmental institution that gathers statistical information about the Netherlands. | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
Enschede or Eanske in the local dialect (Twents) is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel, in the Twente region. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Overijssel (Transiselania is a Province of the Netherlands in the central eastern part of the country Twente (or Twenthe is a non-administrative region in the eastern Netherlands, probably named after the Tuihanti a tribe that settled in that region in the beginning of our The municipality of Enschede consisted of the city of Enschede until 1935, when the rural municipality of Lonneker, which completely enclosed the city, was annexed after the rapid industrial expansion of Enschede, which had begun in the 1860's and involved the building of railways and the digging of the Twentekanaal. Characteristics Length = 65 km Shipping class = IV (after 2007 Va Year operational = 1938 (connected to Almelo harbor in 1953 Runs from
Contents |
Population centres
- Boekelo
- Enschede
- Glanerbrug
- Lonneker
History
The early history of Enschede is largely unknown, but a settlement existed around the Old Marketplace in early medieval times. Boekelo is a Dutch village in the Municipality of Enschede in the Eastern Netherlands Glanerbrug is a village east of Enschede, Netherlands and is also situated in the municipality Enschede Lonneker is a village in Twente, in the province of Overijssel. The name of this settlement is mentioned as Anescede or Enscede meaning either "near the border" (with Bentheim) or "near the Es) and sported a church, a marketplace and a fortified aristocratic house. County of Bentheim (Grafschaft Bentheim is a district ( Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany.
Enschede was granted city rights in 1325 by Jan van Diest, the Bishop of Utrecht and henceforth was allowed to protect itself with a wall. City rights are a medieval phenomenon in the history of the Low Countries. The Archbishopric of Utrecht is the Archbishopric based in the Dutch city of Utrecht. Because a stone wall was too expensive (since stone had to be imported), Enschede had a system of ditches, palisades and hedges instead, which is still reflected in the street-names Noorder-hagen and Zuiderhagen (North Hedge and South Hedge, respectively). The city plan of this era is still recognisable in the street-pattern.
Fire
Because the medieval city was largely built of wood and stone houses were the exception, fire was a constant risk and a series of fires in 1517, 1750 and again on May 7, 1862 earned the people from Enschede the nickname Brandstichters (arsonists).
Industrialisation
The last fire coincided with the start of the growth of the city into a large production center of textiles, originally as a cottage industry, but since the start of the 19th century on an industrial scale, especially the manufacture of bombazijn (a mixture of cotton and linen) proved an export hit.
The industrialisation stimulated a large increase in population, which at first was rather chaotic. The names of the slums (like De Krim and Sebastopol) are still notorious, although they have long since been torn down. In 1907 the laissez faire mentality was dropped and Enschede was the first city in the Netherlands to draw up an official expansion-plan, incorporating the (surrounding) municipality of Lonneker. Lonneker is a village in Twente, in the province of Overijssel.
World War II
During the Second World War Enschede was one of the first Dutch cities to be captured by the Germans, being the city closest to Germany. Resistance members helped many of the Jews from Enschede to hide on farms in the vicinity. Out of approximately 1300 Jews in Enschede, 500 were saved (38. 5%), compared to less than 20% in the rest of the Netherlands. This high survival rate is attributed to three members of the Jewish Council of Enschede, Sig Menco, Gerard Sanders and Isidoor Van Dam who took the initiative, against the advice of the Jewish Council of Amsterdam, of urging their community to go into hiding and not to answer the call-up of the Germans for "labor in the East". They were in a position to support these directions to their flock since they had access to funds, to power in the community and to a well-developed underground movement headed by a prominent Protestant minister, Leendert Overduin (Yad Vashem). Yad Vashem (יד ושם also spelled Yad VaShem; "Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority" is Israel 's official memorial to the Jewish Due to carelessness the resistance was betrayed by an infiltrant and all the members were killed by German soldiers while gathered in a basement, the Germans threw in some grenades, a few day before the allied troops liberated the city. Even though "De ondergrondse" (the resistance, litt. the underground) was the main resistance, many citizens risked their life, by for example rescuing allied pilots who where shot down on a bombing mission. Because it was close to Germany and housed a German command center, Enschede was frequently bombed by allied troops, aiming for the German command center or mistaking Enschede for a German city because it was only a few kilometers from the city of Gronau in Germany. Enschede was liberated in May 1945 by Allied, mainly Canadian, troops.
The end of the industrial age
In the 1970 the textile production in Enschede came to a halt and was transferred to the far east. This had a profound effect on the populace and Enschede became one of the poorest municipalities in the Netherlands and (de facto) went bankrupt. Large areas of industrial wasteland now mark the city.
With the support of the government, this property was acquired and rebuilt. The city center was rendered a car-free zone, the importance of Enschede as a Euregional Centre was stimulated and Enschede managed to rise from the ashes. Car-free zones (also known as auto-free zones and pedestrian zones) are areas of a city or town in which automobile traffic is prohibited (That is something the city is famous for, rising from ashes. )
The fireworks disaster
On May 13, 2000, a fireworks storage in Enschede exploded, destroying an entire neighborhood (Roombeek) and killing 23 people, including 4 firemen. The Enschede Fireworks disaster, called Vuurwerkramp (Dutch literally "fireworks disaster" was caused by a Fire which broke out in the Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. A firework is classified as a low explosive pyrotechnic device used primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes This catastrophe is known in the Netherlands as the Vuurwerkramp, Dutch for fireworks disaster. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Enschede Fireworks disaster, called Vuurwerkramp (Dutch literally "fireworks disaster" was caused by a Fire which broke out in the Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname
In 2001 a referendum confirmed the proposal of the city council to expand the built-up area into the Usseler Es, an area of some historic (agri-)cultural importance and of geological importance here the Usselo horizon was discovered. A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita
Large scale construction and renovation activities in the city center have been ongoing for several years.
Economy
The city is a former centre of textile production. When this industry left the area for cheaper production centers in South-East Asia, Enschede became one of the poorest municipalities in the Netherlands. The biggest challenge of the city is to prevent higher educated (wealthy) citizens from moving to the west (Randstad). ImageRandstad_with_scalepng|400px|thumb|right|Schematic map of the Randstadcircle 528 380 26 Schiphol rect 426 356 498 436 Haarlemmermeer rect 399 166 479 245 Decades of renovation work in the city center have been carried out with the goal of making Enschede more attractive to this group. Modern shopping centers and department stores that until now were only found in much larger cities have been opened. Enschede is host to many yearly festivals and the Old Market Square is often the venue for events, live music and other activities on the weekend. After some hesitation on the part of the city council, Enschede was able to host Roze Zaterdag in the summer of 2004 which was a huge success. This not only gave the local economy a boost, but also drew positive attention to Enschede's gay community, the largest in the east of the Netherlands. In many aspects, Enschede is admittedly trying to present itself as the Amsterdam of the east. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west In reality Enschede has more in common with Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Like the German capital Enschede has a troubled urban economy, but is still home to a vibrant artistic scene. Also the city's laid-back attitude, by some attributed to the relatively low economic activity of it's inhabitants (labour participation was about 57% in 2006) and the large numbers of students, artists and (semi-) government employees, make for a 'Berlinesque' athmosphere.
The proximity to Germany has, historically, been another major factor in economic activity, ranging from the smuggling of coffee and tobacco in the 19th and 20th century, to large numbers of Germans, who visit the city's shops and (especially) the weekly markets. Most natives of Enschede therefore speak German more or less fluently.
The city is cooperating with the nearby municipalities of Almelo, Borne and Hengelo as Netwerkstad Twente. Almelo is a Municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands. Borne is a Municipality and a town in the eastern Netherlands. This article is about the city in Overijssel Netherlands For the town in Gelderland Netherlands see Hengelo Gelderland. A governmental plan to merge with Hengelo was discarded by local opposition.
The world famous Grolsch beer is brewed in Enschede. Koninklijke Grolsch NV, known simply as Grolsch, is a Dutch Brewery founded in 1615 by Willem Neerfeldt in Groenlo.
Research, education and health care
The Universiteit Twente (University Twente), a university with mostly technical studies, is located in Enschede. University of Twente (or Twente University) is a University located in Enschede, Netherlands. It is one of the three technical universities in the Netherlands (besides Delft University of Technology and Eindhoven University of Technology) and there are plans to merge them for financial reasons. The Delft University of Technology ( Technische Universiteit Delft in Dutch) in Delft, the Netherlands, is the nation's largest technical The Eindhoven University of Technology (in Dutch: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven or TU/e, and formerly Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven or THE is a university The Universiteit Twente is also the only large campus university in The Netherlands
The university both has courses in pure technical studies such as Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, but also courses in Communication, Psychology, Economical Sciences, Business, Public Administration, Applied Medicine and Biomedical Technology which attracts a broader public. University of Twente (or Twente University) is a University located in Enschede, Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Since 2006, the programme of European Studies has been added to the university's programme.
Enschede is also home to one of the three campuses of Saxion University (Saxion Hogeschool Enschede), a polytechnical school offering internationally recognized Bachelors and Masters degrees in a wide range of fields including engineering, economics and health care. Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable The other campuses are located in Deventer and Apeldoorn. Deventer is a Municipality and City in the Salland region of the Dutch Province of Overijssel.
The International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (known by its abbreviation ITC) is famous for its MSc, Masters, Diploma and PhD courses in Geo-information Science for developing countries. The International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation ( ITC) is an institute of higher (tertiary education located in Enschede, The Students from all over the world attend the ITC.
Enschede also has a conservatory and an academy of arts and design. A university school of music or college of music, or academy of music or conservatoire ( French, but used in British English) &mdash Art movement Art school is a colloquial term for any educational institution (whether elementary secondary post-secondary/undergraduate or graduate/postgraduate with a primary focus
The Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST) hospital is one of the largest top-clinical hospitals of the Netherlands and features important tertiary care departments, fulfilling a supraregional role. The Medisch Spectrum Twente (MST is the hospital of the city of Enschede. It includes a level I trauma center as well. A trauma center is a Hospital equipped to provide comprehensive Emergency medical services to patients suffering traumatic injuries The hospital is strongly involved in higher medical education, with up to 300 medical students following their internships in the hospital at any given time.
Transportation
Enschede is a terminal station of the NS railway network to the west. |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains Nederlandse Spoorwegen ( Dutch Railways) or NS, is the principal passenger Railway operating company in the Netherlands. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation.
To the east there is a line to Gronau, Germany, with two more stations of the latter in the Netherlands: "Enschede De Eschmarke" and "Glanerbrug". Gronau (Westf is a town in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The line is served by:
- DB Regionalbahn Westfalen (part of the German Deutsche Bahn), to Münster
- Prignitzer Eisenbahn (PE Holding AG, Arriva) to Dortmund. DB Regio AG is as subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn AG that operates passenger trains on short and medium distances in Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company Münster ( is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the northern part of the state and is considered to be the cultural centre of the Arriva plc ( is a British -based international public transport operator headquartered in Sunderland. Dortmund (ˈdɔʁtmʊnt is a City in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area.
There is no track connection between the two systems. The through line had been retained for eventual NATO use during the Cold War even after through passenger service was ended (September 1981), although in great disrepair in later years. The North Atlantic Treaty Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the With the renewal of service to Germany (May 2001) the track was severed; there is about a 3 m gap between them [1].
See also de:Bild:Dortmund-Gronau-Enschede.gif and railway services in Nordrhein-Westfalen 407 and 412.
Enschede has a combined regional civil airport, Enschede Airport, and Airbase Twenthe of the Royal Netherlands Air Force. Enschede Airport Twente is located near Enschede, The Netherlands. The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF, Dutch Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu, is the aviation branch of the Netherlands armed forces The latter will be closed in 2007; whether the former can remain open is under consideration. Enschede is situated at the south-east terminus of the Twentekanaal. Characteristics Length = 65 km Shipping class = IV (after 2007 Va Year operational = 1938 (connected to Almelo harbor in 1953 Runs from
Culture
There are several museums in Enschede, among them the Rijksmuseum Twenthe for art. The Rijksmuseum Twenthe in Enschede, the Netherlands, was founded in 1927 by textile industry Baron G A museum of natural history and a museum dedicated to the history of the textiles industry, both closed in January 2007, have merged, and have reopened in December 2007 on a new location under the name Twentse Welle (Wave of Twente). A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The new location is situated in Roombeek, where a fireworks disaster took place in 2000. The new museum is being placed partly in an old textile factory, due to Enschede's textile history, and partly in a new building next door.
Sports
- Enschede is well-known for its local association football club, FC Twente. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered FC Twente (also incorrectly referred to as Twente Enschede) is a Dutch professional football club from the city of Enschede, playing in the the
- The oldest marathon of the Netherlands, and the second oldest of Europe, is the Enschede Marathon. The Enschede Marathon is an annual Marathon race held in the city of Enschede, Netherlands.
- The Student Rowing Club D. R. V. Euros has produced several national champions and one Olympic Champion.
- The female Fieldhockeyers of EHV play in the second highest competition, "Overgangsklasse", of the Netherlands.
- DOS-WK plays in the highest competition of korfball, the 'Korfbal League'.
- Enschede (Old Church to University) is the final stage of the Batavieren Race, a footrace relay beginning in Nijmegen, contested mostly by university student teams and claimed to be the largest relay races in the world, with 8000 participants.
International cooperation
Palo Alto, California (USA) has been a sister city of Enschede since 1980. Palo Alto (ˌpæloʊˈæltoʊ from Spanish: palo: "stick" and alto: "high" i
Notable people born in Enschede
- See also People from Enschede
- Jan Cremer (1940) – writer and traveller
- Bert Doorn (1949) – politician
- Noor Holsboer (1967) – field hockey defender
- Nico Molenkamp (1920) – artist latterly of Tilburg
- Kees van Baaren – (1906) composer
- Jasper van 't Hof – (1947) piano player
- Sander Westerveld (1974) – football (soccer) goalkeeper
- Willem Wilmink (1936-2003) – poet and writer
- Rudolph De Ram (1955) – artist and photographer
- Adrian van den Berg (1954) – famous guitarist
References
External links
- Official website
- Enschede cityscape and architecture
- Visit Enschede
- Enschede Touristic Info
- University of Twente
- ITC (International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation)
- Saxion Universities
- Promotional campaign of Enschede - Kleur de stad
- Enschede on the Sea
- Geschiedenis van Enschede (History of Enschede)
- Rijksmuseum Twenthe
- The Telematica Instituut
- List of 1029 Enschede holocaust victims
- Video footage of the fireworks disaster
- Geloven in Enschede
Literature
- Alfred Hagemann/Elmar Hoff (Hg. Bert Doorn (born 26 May 1949 in Enschede, Overijssel) is a Dutch politician and Member of the European Parliament. Eleonoor ("Noor" Wendeline Holsboer (born July 12, 1967 in Enschede, Overijssel) is a former Dutch Field hockey defender Kees van Baaren (born 22 October 1906 in Enschede &ndash died 2 September 1970 in Oegstgeest) was a Dutch composer and Jasper van 't Hof (born June 30, 1947 in Enschede, Overijssel) is a Dutch jazz pianist and keyboard-player Sander Westerveld (born October 23 1974 in Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch professional football goalkeeper Willem Wilmink ( Enschede, 25 october 1936 &ndash 2 august 2003) was a Dutch Poet and Writer. Adje (Adrian van den Berg (Born January 31 1954, Enschede in the Netherlands) is a Dutch rock Guitarist ): Insel der Träume. Musik in Gronau und Enschede (1895-2005), Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2006.
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