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The Electorate of Saxony (German: Kurfürstentum Sachsen) or Duchy of Upper Saxony was an independent hereditary electorate of the Holy Roman Empire from 1356–1806. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a Town in Germany in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, on the Elbe The Kingdom of Saxony (Königreich Sachsen lasting between 1806 and 1918 was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic This article is about the Coat of arms of the German state of Saxony. The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince This article lists Dukes Electors and Kings ruling over territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918 Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the king of Poland see Augustus I of Poland Frederick Augustus I (full name Frederick Augustus Joseph Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys Xavier) (Friedrich The early modern period is a term used by historians to refer to the period in Western '''Europe''' and its first colonies which spans the three centuries between The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV Holy Roman Emperor (see Diet The House of Ascania (Askanier was a Dynasty of German rulers The House of Wettin was a dynasty of German Counts Dukes prince-electors (Kurfürsten and kings that ruled the area of today's Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. The Diet of Worms (Reichstag zu Worms was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Emperor that took place in Worms, a small town Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in It was the successor state of the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg and was itself replaced in Napoleonic times by the Kingdom of Saxony (1806). Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a Town in Germany in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, on the Elbe The Kingdom of Saxony (Königreich Sachsen lasting between 1806 and 1918 was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic
Formation
After the dissolution of the medieval Duchy of Saxony, the name Saxony was first applied to a small part of the duchy situated on the Elbe around the city of Wittenberg. The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. The Elbe ( die Elbe Low German: de Ilv) is one of the major Rivers of Central Europe. Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a Town in Germany in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, on the Elbe This was given to Bernhard, the second son of Albert I of Brandenburg, who was the founder of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, from which came the Kingdom of Prussia. Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bär c 1100&ndash18 November 1170 was the first Margrave of Brandenburg (as Albert I from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg was a major Principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Bernard's son, Albert I, added to this territory the lordship of Lauenburg, and Albert's sons divided the possessions into Saxe-Wittenberg and Saxe-Lauenburg. Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a Town in Germany in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, on the Elbe When, in 1356, the Emperor Charles IV issued the Golden Bull, the fundamental law of the empire which settled the method of electing the King, the Duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg was made one of the seven electorates. Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV Holy Roman Emperor (see Diet The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl The duke as elector thereby received the right to elect, in company with the other six electors, the Roman-German King and future Holy Roman Emperor. King of the Romans ( Latin: Rex Romanorum) was the title used by the elected ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperator futurus The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states In this way, the country, though small in area, obtained an influential position. The electoral dignity had connected with it the obligation of primogeniture; that is, only the eldest son could succeed as ruler; this excluded the division of the territory among several heirs and consequently prevented the disintegration of the country. Primogeniture is the Common law right of the Firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings The importance of this stipulation is shown by the history of most of the German principalities which were not electorates.
The Ascanian line of Saxony became extinct in 1422, upon which the Emperor Sigismund bestowed the country and electoral dignity upon Margrave Frederick II, a member of the Wettin line. The House of Ascania (Askanier was a Dynasty of German rulers Frederick II Elector of Saxony (Frederick the Gentle (b Leipzig, 22 August 1412 - d The House of Wettin was a dynasty of German Counts Dukes prince-electors (Kurfürsten and kings that ruled the area of today's The Margraviate of Meissen had been founded by the Emperor Otto I. The March or Margraviate of Meissen (Mark(grafschaft Meißen was a mediæval principality a march, of the Holy Roman Empire in the area of the modern Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke In 1089, it had come into the possession of the Wettin family, who from 1247 also owned the Landgraviate of Thuringia. The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. In 1422, Saxe-Wittenberg, and the Margravates of Meissen and Thuringia were united under one rule and gradually received the name of Saxony. Elector Frederick the Valiant died in 1464, and his two sons divided his territories at Leipzig on 26 August 1485, which led to the still existing separation of the Wettin dynasty into the Ernestine and Albertine lines. This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Duke Ernest, the founder of the Ernestine line, received by the Partition of Leipzig the Duchy of Saxony and the electoral dignity united with it, as well as the Landgraviate of Thuringia; Albert, the founder of the Albertine line, received the Margraviate of Meissen. Albert (Albrecht 27 January, 1443 &ndash 12 September, 1500) was a Duke of Saxony. Thus, the Ernestine line had the greater authority until in the 16th century the electoral dignity and territory fell to the Albertine line, which at the beginning of the 19th century, it received the royal title as well. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant movement of the 16th century was effected under the protection of the electors of Saxony. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Elector Frederick III established a university at Wittenberg in 1502, at which the Augustinian monk Martin Luther was made professor of philosophy in 1508; at the same time he became one of the preachers at the castle church of Wittenberg. Frederick III Elector of Saxony ( 17 January 1463 &ndash 5 May 1525) also known as Frederick the Wise, was Elector The Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg also referred to as MLU, is a public University in the cities of Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer On 31 October 1517, he posted up on this church the 95 theses against indulgences with which he began what is called the Reformation. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse An indulgence, in Roman Catholic Theology, is the full or partial Remission of temporal punishment due for Sins which have already been forgiven The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The elector did not become at once an adherent of the new opinions, but granted his protection to Luther; consequently, owing to the intervention of the elector, Pope Leo X did not summon Luther to Rome (1518); also through the elector's mediation Luther received Imperial safe-conduct to the Diet of Worms (1521). Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Diet of Worms (Reichstag zu Worms was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Emperor that took place in Worms, a small town When Luther was declared at Worms to be under the ban of the entire empire, the elector had him brought to the Castle of the Wartburg in Thuringia. Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River For other uses of Wartburg see Wartburg (disambiguation The Wartburg is a castle situated on a 1230-foot (410 m precipice to the The new doctrine spread first in Saxony. The successor to Frederick the Wise (died 1525) was his brother John the Constant (died 1532). John Elector of Saxony, known as John the Steadfast or John the Constant ( 30 June 1468 – 16 August 1532) was Elector John was already a zealous Lutheran; he exercised full authority over the Church, introduced the Lutheran Confession, ordered the deposition of all priests who continued in the Catholic Faith, and directed the use of a new liturgy drawn up by Luther. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther In 1531 he formed with a number of other ruling princes the Smalkaldic League, for the maintenance of the Protestant doctrine and for common defence against Emperor Charles V, because Charles was an opponent of the new doctrine. The Schmalkaldic League (Schmalkaldischer Bund was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid- 16th Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was The son and successor of John the Constant was John Frederick the Magnanimous (died 1554). John Frederick I Elector of Saxony (Johann Friedrich I b Torgau, 30 June 1503 – d He was also one of the heads of the Smalkaldic League, which was inimical to the emperor and Catholicism. The Schmalkaldic League (Schmalkaldischer Bund was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid- 16th In 1542 he seized the Diocese of Naumburg-Zeitz, and attacked and plundered the secular possessions of the Dioceses of Meissen and Hildesheim. is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located in the district of Hildesheim, about 30 km southeast of Hanover on the banks of the Innerste The Catholic Faith was forcibly suppressed in all directions and the churches and monasteries were robbed. John Frederick was defeated and captured by Charles V at the Battle of Mühlberg on the Elbe, 24 April 1547. The Battle of Mühlberg was a large battle at Mühlberg in the German of Electorate of Saxony during the Protestant Reformation at which the Catholic princes Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to In the Capitulation of Wittenberg, 19 May 1547, the elector was obliged to yield Saxe-Wittenberg and the electoral dignity to Duke Maurice of Saxe-Meissen. The Capitulation of Wittenberg (Wittenberger Kapitulation was a treaty in 1547 by which John Frederick I Elector of Saxony, was compelled to resign the electoral Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Maurice I Elector of Saxony (b Freiberg, March 21, 1521 &ndash d After this the only possession of the Ernestine line of the Wettin family was Thuringia, which, however, on account of repeated divisions among the heirs was soon cut up into a number of duchies. Those still in existence at the time of the German Revolution, after World War I were the grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and the duchies of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Meiningen and Saxe-Altenburg. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A grand duchy is a territory whose Head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess. The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in The Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen was one of the Saxon Duchies held by the Ernestine line of the Wettin Dynasty Saxe-Altenburg (Sachsen-Altenburg was one of the Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine branch of the Wettin dynasty
Duke Albert (died 1500) was succeeded in the Duchy of Saxe-Meissen by his son George (died 1539). George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony (b Meissen, 27 August 1471 - d George was a strong opponent of the Lutheran doctrine and had repeatedly sought to influence his cousins the Electors of Saxe-Wittenberg in favour of the Catholic Church, but George's brother and successor, Henry IV (died 1541), was won over to Protestantism by the influence of his wife Katharina of Mecklenburg, and thus Saxe-Meissen was also lost to the Church. Henry IV the Pious Duke of Saxony (Heinrich der Fromme (b Dresden, 16 March 1473 – d Henry's son and successor Maurice was one of the most conspicuous persons of the Reformation period. Although a zealous Protestant, ambition and desire to increase his possessions led him to join the emperor against the members of the Smalkaldic League. The Capitulation of Wittenberg gave him, as already mentioned, the electoral dignity and Saxe-Wittenberg, so that the Electorate of Saxony now consisted of Saxe-Wittenberg and Saxe-Meissen together, under the authority of the Albertine line of the Wettin family. The Capitulation of Wittenberg (Wittenberger Kapitulation was a treaty in 1547 by which John Frederick I Elector of Saxony, was compelled to resign the electoral Partly from resentment at not receiving also what was left of the Ernestine possessions, but moved still more by his desire to have a Protestant head to the empire, Maurice fell away from the German Emperor. He made a treaty with France (1551) in which he gave the Three Bishoprics of Metz, Toul, and Verdun in Lorraine to France, and secretly shared in all the princely conspiracies against the emperor who only escaped capture by flight. The Three Bishoprics (Trois-Évêchés constituted a province of pre- Revolutionary France consisting of the bisphoprics of Verdun, Metz The Diocese of Toul was a Roman Catholic Diocese seated at Toul in present-day France The Bishopric of Verdun was also a state of the Holy Roman Empire; it was located at the western edge of the Empire and was bordered by France the Duchy of Luxembourg Lorraine (Lorraine Lothringen is a historical area in present-day northeast France. During the same year, the emperor was obliged by the Treaty of Passau to grant freedom of religion to the Protestant Estates. Maurice died in 1553 at the age of 32. His brother and successor Elector Augustus took the Dioceses of Merseburg, Naumburg and Meissen for himself. Augustus I Elector of Saxony (b Freiberg, 31 July 1526 &ndash d Bishopric of Merseburg was a former Episcopal see in Saxony with the center in Merseburg, founded at the same time in the same manner as those of Meissen The last Bishop of Merseburg, Michael Helding, called Sidonius, died at Vienna in 1561. Bishopric of Merseburg was a former Episcopal see in Saxony with the center in Merseburg, founded at the same time in the same manner as those of Meissen The emperor demanded the election of a new bishop, but the Elector Augustus forced the election of his son Alexander, who was eight years old, as administrator; when Alexander died in 1565 he administered the diocese himself. In the same manner after the death of Bishop Pflug (died 1564), the last Catholic bishop of Naumburg, the elector confiscated the Diocese of Naumburg and forbade the exercise of the Catholic religion. Julius von Pflug (1499 Eythra &ndash 3 September 1564, Zeitz) was the last Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Naumburg from 1542 Those cathedral canons who were still Catholic were only permitted to exercise their religion for ten years more.
Thirty Years' War
In 1581, John of Haugwitz, the last Bishop of Meissen, resigned his office, and in 1587 became a Protestant. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The Bishop of Dresden - Meissen is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dresden-Meissen in the Archdiocese The episcopal domains fell likewise to Saxony, and the cathedral chapter ceased to exist. During the reigns of the Elector Augustus (died 1586) and Christian (died 1591), a freer form of Protestantism, called Crypto-Calvinism prevailed in the duchy. Christian I (b Dresden, 29 October, 1560 - d Dresden, 25 September, 1591) was Elector of Saxony from 1586 Crypto-Calvinism is a term for Calvinist influence in the Lutheran Church during the decades just after the death of Martin Luther (1546 During the reign of Christian II (died 1611), the chancellor, Crell, who had spread the doctrine was overthrown and beheaded (1601) and a rigid Lutheranism was reintroduced and with it a religious oath. Christian II (b Dresden, 23 September, 1583 - d Dresden 23 June, 1611) was Elector of Saxony from 1591 to 1611 The great religious war called the Thirty Years' War (1618–48) occurred during the reign of Elector John George (1611–56). For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. John George I (German Johann Georg I; 5 March 1585 - 8 October 1656) was Elector of Saxony from 1611 to 1656 In this struggle, the elector was at first neutral, and for a long time he would not listen to the overtures of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden. For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. It was until the imperial general Tilly advanced into Saxony that the elector joined Sweden. Johann Tserclaes Count of Tilly ( Dutch: Johan 't Serclaes) (February 1559 - April 30[[ 632]] known as the Monk in Armor, was a General However, after the Battle of Nördlingen (1634), the elector concluded the Peace of Prague (1635) with the emperor. The Peace of Prague of 30 May[[ 635]] was a treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II, and most of the Protestant states of the Empire By this treaty, Saxony received the Margraviates of Upper and Lower Lusatia as a Bohemian fief, and the condition of the Church lands that had been secularized was not altered. Upper and Lower Lusatia Upper Lusatia ( Oberlausitz or Hornja Łužica) is today part of the German state of Saxony except for a small part east of Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the The Swedes, however, revenged themselves by ten years of plundering. The Treaty of Westphalia of 1648 took from Saxony forever the possibility of extending its territory along the lower course of the Elbe, and confirmed the preponderance of Prussia. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of In 1653, the direction of the Corpus Evangelicorum fell to Saxony, because the elector became the head of the union of the Protestant Imperial Estates. Under the following electors, religious questions were not so prominent; a rigid Lutheranism remained the prevailing faith, and the practice of any other was strictly prohibited. About the middle of the 17th century, Italian merchants, the first Catholics to reappear in the country, settled at Dresden, the capital, and at Leipzig, the most important commercial city; the exercise of the Catholic religion, however, was not permitted to them. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar
18th century
A change followed when on 1 June 1697, the Elector Frederick Augustus I (1694–1733) converted to the Roman Catholic Church and in consequence of this was soon afterwards elected King of Poland. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Royal titles In Latin: Augustus Secundus Dei Gratia rex Poloniae magnus dux Lithuaniae Russie Prussiae Masoviae Samogitiae Livoniae Kijoviae Volhyniae Year 1733 ( MDCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca The formation of a Catholic parish and the private practice of the Catholic Faith was permitted at least in Dresden. As the conversion of the elector to the Roman Catholic Church aroused the fear among Lutherans that the Catholic religion would now be re-established in Saxony, the elector transferred to a government board, the Privy Council, the authority over the Lutheran churches and schools which, until then, had been exercised by the sovereign; the Privy Council was formed exclusively of Protestants. A privy council is a body that advises the Head of state of a nation on how to exercise their executive authority, typically but not always in the context of a Even after his conversion, the elector remained the head of the Corpus Evangelicorum, as did his Catholic successors until 1806, when the Corpus was dissolved at the same time as the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in His son, Elector Frederick Augustus II (1733–63), was received into the Catholic Church on 28 November 1712, at Bologna, Italy, while heir-apparent. Augustus III (Augustus III the Saxon or the Corpulent (August III Year 1733 ( MDCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest With this conversion, which on account of the excited state of feeling of the Lutheran population had to be kept secret for five years, the ruling family of Saxony once more became Catholic. Before this, individual members of the Albertine line had returned to the Church, but they had died without issue, as did the last ruler of Saxe-Weissenfels (died 1746). Saxe-Weissenfels (Sachsen-Weißenfels was a Duchy of the Holy Roman Empire from 1656/1657 until 1746 Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Another collateral line founded in 1657 was that of Saxe-Naumburg-Zeitz, which became extinct in 1759. Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Those who became Catholics of this line were Christian Augustus (died 1725), cardinal and Archbishop of Gran (Esztergom, Hungary) and Maurice Adolphus, Bishop of Leitmeritz in Bohemia (died 1759). Year 1725 ( MDCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The archbishopric of Esztergom was a historical Diocese created in 1000 in the Kingdom of Hungary largely on the territory of the Nitrian Esztergom (known by alternative names) is a City in northern Hungary, about 50 km north-west of the Capital Budapest. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Roman Catholic Diocese of Litoměřice { Latin: Litomericen(sis } is a Diocese located in the city of Litoměřice in the Ecclesiastical Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The most zealous promoter of the Catholic Faith in Saxony was the Austrian Archduchess Maria Josepha, daughter of the Emperor Joseph I, who, in 1719, married Frederick Augustus, later the second elector of that name. The Archduchy of Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the center of the Habsburg Monarchy and Family She was born an Archduchess of Austria as a daughter of Joseph I Holy Roman Emperor and Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick. Joseph I ( July 26, 1678 &ndash April 17, 1711) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia and Archduke of Austria Year 1719 ( MDCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Court church of Dresden was built 1739–51 by the Italian architect Chiaveri in the Roman Baroque style; this is still the finest and most imposing church edifice in Saxony and is one of the most beautiful churches in Germany. Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1751 ( MDCCLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Notwithstanding the faith of its rulers, however, Saxony remained entirely a Protestant country; the few Catholics who settled there remained without any political or civil rights. When, in 1806, Napoleon began a war with Prussia, Saxony at first allied itself to Prussia but afterwards joined Napoleon and entered the Confederation of the Rhine. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted Elector Frederick Augustus III (1763–1827) received the title of king of a new Kingdom of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I. For the king of Poland see Augustus I of Poland Frederick Augustus I (full name Frederick Augustus Joseph Maria Anton Johann Nepomuk Aloys Xavier) (Friedrich Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Saxony (Königreich Sachsen lasting between 1806 and 1918 was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic
See also
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