Edward James Livingstone (September 12, 1884 – September 11, 1945) was a Canadian sports team owner and manager. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page He was the principal owner of the Toronto Shamrocks and the Toronto Blueshirts of the National Hockey Association, where his battles with his fellow owners led them to create the National Hockey League. The Toronto Ontarios was a professional men's Ice hockey team in the National Hockey Association from 1912 to 1915 based in Toronto, Ontario, This article is about a predecessor club of the Toronto Maple Leafs The Toronto Hockey Club, known as the Torontos and the Toronto Blueshirts The National Hockey Association (NHA(officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited) was a professional Ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America

Contents 1 Early years 2 National Hockey Association 3 Canadian Hockey Association 4 American Hockey Association 5 Ontario Hockey Association 6 References 7 See also

Early years

Livingstone was born in Toronto, Ontario as the youngest of three children. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec He played junior and intermediate hockey with the St. George's Club in Toronto, before becoming an Ontario Hockey Association referee. The Ontario Hockey Association is the governing body for the majority of Junior and Senior level Ice hockey teams in the Province of Ontario. He also covered hockey for the Toronto Mail and Empire, often reporting on the games he refereed. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities

Livingstone became manager of hockey and football at the Toronto Rugby and Athletic Association (TR & AA). The club, formed after a split from the Toronto Amateur Athletic Club, competed in the Ontario Hockey Association and won the John Ross Robertson Trophy as senior hockey champions of Ontario in 1913 and 1914. The Ontario Hockey Association is the governing body for the majority of Junior and Senior level Ice hockey teams in the Province of Ontario.

National Hockey Association

His success in amateur hockey prompted Livingstone to make the jump to the professional game by buying the struggling Toronto Ontarios of the National Hockey Association. The Toronto Ontarios was a professional men's Ice hockey team in the National Hockey Association from 1912 to 1915 based in Toronto, Ontario, The National Hockey Association (NHA(officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited) was a professional Ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario During the 1914-15 season, the Ontarios traded in their orange sweaters for green and were renamed the Toronto Shamrocks. The Toronto Ontarios was a professional men's Ice hockey team in the National Hockey Association from 1912 to 1915 based in Toronto, Ontario, The team skated to a record of 7 wins and 13 losses, an improvement of three games over the 1913-14 campaign.

During the 1914-15 season, on February 3, 1915, Sammy Lichtenhein's Montreal Wanderers were awarded a game by forfeit over the Shamrocks. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Montreal Wanderers were a professional men's Ice hockey team that played in Montreal, Quebec at the Montreal Arena, and were one of the founding The Shamrocks had told the league that they couldn't put a full team on the ice without George McNamara and Howard McNamara, who were at the bedside of their ill father. George McNamara ( August 26 1886 – March 10 1952 was a Canadian professional Ice hockey defenceman. Howard Dennis McNamara ( November 22, 1890 – September 24, 1940) was a Canadian professional Ice hockey forward Livingstone asked for a postponement, but Lichteinhein refused and the league ruled the game forfeited. In a gesture of sportsmanship, Lichtenhein then made an offer to reschedule the game and play the Shamrocks on March 6, 1915. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Shortly after, with the Wanderers and Ottawa in a tight two-way race for the league championship, Livingstone demanded that Lichtenhein follow through on his offer to play the forfeited game. The Ottawa Senators (officially the Ottawa Hockey Club) were an amateur later professional senior men's Ice hockey team based in Ottawa from 1883 Lichteinhein was incensed and threatened to have Livingstone thrown out of the NHA. ^[1] The Wanderers and Ottawa ended the season tied for first place. The NHA executive met on March 4 and decided to recognize the forfeit and not order the Wanderers to play the Shamrocks (the Wanderers were told to pay the Shamrocks $300—the amount they saved by not having to travel to Toronto in February). Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Instead, a two-game, total-goals series was scheduled between Montreal and Ottawa to determine the champion. The league also rejected Lichteinhein's request to have Livingstone expelled from the NHA. Livingstone and Lichtenhein would continue to feud for years. At one meeting during the 1916-17 campaign, Lichtenhein grew so infuriated that he offered Livingstone $3,000 to abandon his team. Livingstone countered with a $5,000 bid for Lichtenhein to shut down his Wanderers.

Before the 1915-16 season, Frank Robinson sold the Toronto Blueshirts—the NHA's other Toronto franchise—to Livingstone. This article is about a predecessor club of the Toronto Maple Leafs The Toronto Hockey Club, known as the Torontos and the Toronto Blueshirts The NHA didn't want one owner to have two clubs in the league, and Livingstone said that he would sell the Shamrocks. But Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association, who had accused the NHA of reneging on an agreement with their league, raided the Blueshirts and signed away most of the team's players. Frank Patrick (b Frank Alexis Patrick December 21, 1885 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada - d Curtis Lester "The Silver Fox" Patrick ( December 30, 1883 – June 1, 1960) born in Drummondville Quebec Canada, was a The Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA was a professional men's Ice hockey league in western Canada and the western United States, which operated from To fill the holes in his lineup, Livingstone transferred Shamrocks players to the Blueshirts, but that left him with little to sell in the Shamrocks. When he hadn't sold the team by the November 20, 1915 deadline set by the league, the NHA seized the franchise and kept it dormant for the season. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Before the season began, Livingstone argued with the owners of Arena Gardens over the terms for the use of their facility and threatened to move his team to Boston. Mutual Street Arena initially called Arena Gardens or just the Arena, was a hockey arena in Toronto, Ontario. The NHA said that it would not allow the move.

The 1916-17 campaign was a stormy one for the NHA. Canada intensified its contribution to World War I, and a number of pro and amateur hockey players volunteered for military service. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The 228th Battalion of the Canadian infantry applied to join the NHA, taking the place of the suspended Toronto Shamrocks franchise and sharing Arena Gardens with the Blueshirts. Meanwhile, Livingstone lost several of his Blueshirts to the war effort: Harry Cameron, George McNamara, Howard McNamara, and Percy LeSueur. Percy LeSueur ( November 18, 1881 in Quebec City Quebec - January 27, 1962 was a Canadian Professional Ice hockey Keats had also joined the 228th, and Livingstone protested to the league about the loss of his star player. The two clubs eventually reached an agreement where Keats was returned to the Blueshirts in exchange for the right to use LeSueur. Another of Livingstone's stars, Cy Denneny, had found full-time employment with the government in Ottawa and told the team that they could either trade him to Ottawa or he would sit out the season. Cyril Joseph "Cy" Denneny ( December 23, 1891 in Farran's Point, Ontario – September 9, 1970 was a Canadian Livingstone said that he wouldn't accept anyone but Frank Nighbor in a trade, or Ottawa could buy Denneny for $1,800—more than double the NHA record for a player sale. Julius Francis "Frank" Nighbor ( January 26, 1893 in Pembroke Ontario &ndash April 13, 1966) was a Canadian ^[2] He then suspended Denneny in November for refusing to report. Livingstone also offered to take goaltender Clint Benedict for Denneny, but that offer was also rejected by Ottawa. Clinton Stevenson "Clint" Benedict ( September 25, 1892 - November 12, 1976) was a Canadian Professional Late in January 1917, it seemed that Livingstone had traded Denneny to the Montreal Wanderers for goaltender Billy Hague—Denneny even signed an agreement with Montreal—but Livingstone backed out of the deal with his nemesis Sammy Lichtenhein. William "Billy" Robert Hague (born April 9, 1885 in London, England - ? was a professional Ice hockey goaltender Livingstone ultimately capitulated and sold Denneny to Ottawa, but not before raising the ire of Tommy Gorman in Ottawa and Lichteinhein in Montreal. Thomas Patrick "T P" Gorman ( June 9, 1886 – May 15, 1961) was a founder of the National Hockey League,

On February 8, 1917, the 228th Battalion got its orders to proceed overseas and withdrew its teams from the OHA and the NHA, Three days later, NHA owners—at a meeting that did not include Livingstone—voted to suspend the Blueshirts franchise to keep the number of teams in the league even. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Toronto players were put in a lottery and claimed by other teams, although they were to be returned to Toronto when the franchise was reinstated. Livingstone filed suit against the league and the other owners, and applied for a court injunction to prevent them from moving the remaining teams out of the league.

In October 1917, Quebec Bulldogs manager Mike Quinn told the Quebec Telegraph that the Toronto club had been given three weeks to separate itself from Livingstone with the threat that the other owners would operate without Toronto if the club didn't comply. For the former minor league baseball team known as the Quebec Athletics, see Quebec Athletics (baseball The Quebec Bulldogs were There was no response by the deadline. ^[3]

At its annual meeting in November 1917, the NHA announced that it was suspending operations because of the difficulties in running a five-team league and the player shortages introduced by conscription in Canada during the off-season. About a week later, all of the owners other than Livingstone announced that they had formed a new league, the National Hockey League. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America Livingstone was shut out of the new league.

Arena Gardens was awarded a temporary NHL franchise for Toronto and used Livinstone's players for the NHL's inaugural 1917-18 season. The company did not pay for the players and Livingstone filed suit for the revenue earned with the players. As a result of the court action, a new club was formed - the Toronto Arenas for the 1918-19 season, to continue using the temporary franchise. This article is about a predecessor club of the Toronto Maple Leafs The Toronto Arenas, or Torontos professional men's Ice hockey They again used Livingstone's players.

Livingstone won a $20,000 court judgement against Arena. Arena filed for bankruptcy, and the NHL, together with the receiver, sold the franchise and players.

Canadian Hockey Association

Having been cast aside by his former business associates, Livingstone spent the next several years in court, in a bid to be compensated for the loss of his franchise and his players. In February 1918, the courts ruled that the NHA and its owners had not acted improperly in suspending operations of Livingstone's Toronto Hockey Club. The decision was appealed and upheld by the Supreme Court of Canada in November 1919. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian

When the rights to his players reverted to him in 1918, Livingstone announced plans to launch the Canadian Hockey Association as a rival to the NHL. The league would include the former NHA team from Quebec, now owned by Percy Quinn, the founding president of the Toronto Hockey Club. For the former minor league baseball team known as the Quebec Athletics, see Quebec Athletics (baseball The Quebec Bulldogs were Livingstone also received support from Tom Wall, the former owner of the Toronto Ontarios. The Toronto Ontarios was a professional men's Ice hockey team in the National Hockey Association from 1912 to 1915 based in Toronto, Ontario, Livingstone, Quinn, and Wall attempted to force the NHA to resume operations, but their plan was shot down at what would be the final meeting of the NHA owners in December 1918.

The Toronto Arenas, meanwhile, refused to return Livingstone's players to him for the 1918-19 season, and this resulted in another lawsuit being filed, this one against Arena Gardens, its president Charles Querrie, and Hubert Vearncombe the auditor of the Gardens who took over ownership of the Arenas in 1918. Arena Gardens argued that Livingstone didn't own the NHL rights to the players and couldn't have suffered any damages. The court ruled in Livingstone's favour in January 1920, but the issue wasn't settled. Before the end of the year, under the weight of the judgment against it, Arena Gardens went into receivership. In October 1923, a ruling was made that Arena Gardens had abused its position as a trustee of the assets of the Toronto Hockey Club—its player contracts—and finding damages of $100,000 in favour of Livingstone. That still wasn't the end, as the damages were later reduced to $10,000 and that decision was also appealed—all the way to the privy council, which dismissed the appeal in July 1926. The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council

In the summer of 1920, there was again talk that the Livingstone might get the CHA off the ground, particularly after Percy Quinn was made managing director of Arena Gardens on June 17. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Livingstone was looking at starting an international hockey league with franchises in the U. S. and Canada. But the CHA was again thwarted when the NHL moved its struggling Quebec franchise to Hamilton, Ontario which Livingstone had targeted as a prime market. Hamilton (ˈhæməltən ( 2006 population 504559 UA population 647634 CMA population

In 1924, Livingstone again announced that he was forming an international league that would have teams in Toronto, Ottawa, New York, Brooklyn, and Buffalo. It was never launched.

American Hockey Association

In February 1926, Livingstone announced the creation of the International Professional Hockey League, of which he was president. The IPHL would have teams in Toronto, Buffalo, and Detroit, and two teams in both New York and Chicago. Nothing ever came of the league.

The same year, Livingstone acquired an American Hockey Association franchise for Chicago, the Chicago Cardinals. He negotiated a deal to play at the Chicago Coliseum, the same arena that the fledgling Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League used for its home games. The Chicago Coliseum was a large building in Chicago Illinois from the 1890s to 1982 that served as a sports arena convention center and exhibition hall over the course of In March 1927, Livingstone tried to sell the team to Harry Herendeen, a Chicago miller,^[4] but the league didn't approve the transfer. ^[5] Late in the season, the Coliseum refused to give Livingstone's team ice time, citing non-payment of rent. Livingstone said the rejected new club owner had agreed to pay the rent. ^[5]

After the 1926-27 season, the AHA wanted to negotiate a new agreement with the NHL, setting out the rules for how the leagues would work together. NHL president Frank Calder threatened not to sign an agreement while the AHA was working with Livingstone. Frank Calder ( November 17, 1877 - February 4, 1943) was the first NHL president (1917-1943 On August 24, 1927, the AHA terminated Livingstone's membership in the league. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. When Livingstone tried to sell the franchise, he was told that he didn't have one to sell and that four of his players (including Marvin Wentworth, who would play 13 seasons in the NHL) were now the property of the Blackhawks. Marvin "Cyclone" Wentworth ( Jan 24, 1905 – Oct 10 1982) was a Canadian hockey player born in Grimsby, He filed suit against Frederic McLaughlin, owner of the Blackhawks, charging him with tampering with his players and in December 1927 filed a $700,000 lawsuit against Calder and three AHA executives claiming that his team was taken away from him through a conspiracy. Frederic McLaughlin ( June 27, 1877 – December 17, 1944) was the first Owner of the Chicago Black Hawks. ^[6]

Ontario Hockey Association

Livingstone returned to Toronto and gave up professional hockey for the amateur game. In 1929-30, he started coaching the Toronto Victorias junior team in the Ontario Hockey Association. The Ontario Hockey Association is the governing body for the majority of Junior and Senior level Ice hockey teams in the Province of Ontario. Starting in the 1931-32 season, the team was affiliated with the Lions Club and renamed the Toronto Lions. Lions Clubs International (LCI is the world's largest Secular service organization with over 44500 clubs and more than 1 The Toronto Lions were a Junior ice hockey team in the Ontario Hockey Association from 1931 to 1939 They played at Maple Leaf Gardens. This article is about the arena For the company formerly known as Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd Even there, controversy followed him. In November 1933, the OHA ordered three of his players to play with their high school teams for the 1933-34 season. Livingstone charged that the move was taken deliberately against him. In the 1934-35 season, his players included future hall-of-famer Gordie Drillon. Gordon Arthur "Gordie" Drillon ( October 23, 1913 - September 22, 1986) was a Canadian Hockey Hall of Fame Ice hockey He continued to coach the team through the 1938-39 season.

Livingstone died the day before his 61st birthday in 1945.

References

See also

• Nieforth, Joseph (2002). Deceptions and Doublecross: how the NHL conquered hockey. ISBN 1-55002-413-2.  

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