The Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group or ECOMOG is a West African multilateral armed force established by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal For alternate meanings see Monrovia (disambiguation. Monrovia, is the Capital city of the West African nation of Liberia Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. The Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen West African countries founded on May 28 The name is an abbreviation of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group. ECOMOG is not a standing army, but a formal arrangement for separate armies to work together, along similar lines to NATO. The North Atlantic Treaty Its backbone is Nigerian armed forces and financial resources, with sub-battalion strength units contributed by other ECOWAS members — Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and others. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal A battalion is a Military unit of around 500-1500 men usually consisting of between two and seven companies and typically commanded by a Lieutenant Colonel The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (ˈgɪni bɨˈsaʊ República da Guiné-Bissau ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɐ giˈnɛ biˈsau is a country in Western Africa, and one of the smallest Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa. Burkina Faso (bɚˌkiːnəˈfɑːsoʊ burr-KEE-na FAH-soh) also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a Landlocked nation in West Africa Niger ( or /ˈnaɪdʒɚ/) officially the Republic of Niger, is a Landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River.
Contents |
History
Nigeria, Ghana and other ECOWAS members agreed a Protocol on Mutual Defence Assistance, in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on 29 May 1981. Freetown is the Capital and largest City of Sierra Leone, and a major Port on the Atlantic Ocean. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Among other organs such as a Defence Committee and Council, it provided for the establishment of an Allied Armed Force of the Community (AAFC) as needed.
Anglophone ECOWAS members established ECOMOG in 1990 to intervene in the civil war in Liberia (1989–96). An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. The First Liberian Civil War was a conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1996. Western nations had declined to intervene, and the Francophone ECOWAS members were opposed to mobilising the AAFC under the previous year's protocol. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places Unlike the typical UN mission of its day, ECOMOG's first deployment entailed fighting its way into a many-sided civil war, in an attempt to forcibly hold the warring factions apart.
ECOMOG has since acted to control conflict in other cases:
- 1997 — Sierra Leone, to stop the RUF rebellion. Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. The Sierra Leone Civil War began in 1991, initiated by the Revolutionary United Front (RUF under Foday Sankoh.
- 1999 — Guinea-Bissau [1]
- 2001 — Guinea–Liberia border to stop guerrilla infiltration. The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (ˈgɪni bɨˈsaʊ República da Guiné-Bissau ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɐ giˈnɛ biˈsau is a country in Western Africa, and one of the smallest Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire
In 2003 ECOWAS, under pressure from the United States, launched a similar mission named ECOMIL to halt the occupation of Monrovia by rebel forces as peace efforts were ongoing, during the Second Liberian Civil War. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For alternate meanings see Monrovia (disambiguation. Monrovia, is the Capital city of the West African nation of Liberia The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when a rebel group backed by the government of neighbouring Guinea, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy Always intended as an interim force, it was quickly succeeded by the United Nations mission UNMIL. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL is a peace-keeping force established in September 2003 to monitor a ceasefire agreement in Liberia following the resignation of
Wider influence
Within Africa, ECOMOG represents the first credible attempt at a regional security initiative since the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) tried to established an 'Inter-African Force' to intervene in Chad in 1981. The Organisation of African Unity ( OAU) or Organisation de l'Unité Africaine ( OUA) was established on 25 May 1963. Chad (Tchad تشاد Tshād) officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a Landlocked country in Central Africa. As such it is closely followed by other African states, which recognize the potential social and economic benefits of locally-guaranteed regional stability.
With the massive increase in the commitments of the UN Department of Peace Keeping Operations following the end of the Cold War, and particularly since NATO's independent action in Kosovo in 1999, pressure has developed within UN and US policy circles for more security measures to be 'contracted out' to sub-UN regional organisations. The United Nations has authorized 63 Peacekeeping missions as of 2005 Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The North Atlantic Treaty The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Despite the preponderance of Nigerian influence, ECOMOG is often discussed as an early example of the type of sub-regional, multilateral security forces that are widely expected to have to take up the responsibility for missions that would once have been run by the UN. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security
References
- Mitikishe Maxwell Khobe, The Evolution and Conduct of ECOMOG Operations in West Africa, in Monograph No. A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single 44, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
- Profile: ECOMOG, from BBC News Online, 17 June 2004
- Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolution 1216 (1998) relative to the situation in Guinea-Bissau, from Afrol News, 17 March 1999
See also
External links
- Assessment of ECOMOG's Liberia intervention published in "Human Rights Watch World Reports", Volume 5, Issue No. See Institute for Security Studies (EU for a European Union think tank The Institute for Security The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) A military alliance is an agreement between two or more military factions related to Wartime planning commitments or contingencies such agreements can be both Collective defense (also collective defence) is an arrangement usually formalized by a treaty and an organization among participant states that commit support in defense of Collective Security, according to Inis Claude's article "Collective Security as an Approach to Peace" is seen as a compromise between the concept of world government and a nation-state Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. 6, June 1993,
- ECOMOG: A model for Africa by Comfort Ero, Centre for Defence Studies, King's College London in Monograph No 46, February 2000 published by the Institute for Security Studies. King's College London is a British Higher education institution and co-founding constituent college of the federal University of London. A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single See Institute for Security Studies (EU for a European Union think tank The Institute for Security
- Profile: Ecomog, BBC News Online, 17 June 2004. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
- ECOMOG: Peacekeeper or Participant?, BBC News Online, February 11, 1998. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)
- Sierra Leone: Information on the 1997 coup d'état, ECOMOG harassment of civilians, and the current situation in Sierra Leone, U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services, 5 January 2000
- Documentary on ECOMOG involvement in Sierra Leone.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic