Citizendia

Eastern Europe is a concept that lacks one precise definition. It refers to a geopolitical region recently influenced by the Cold War. Geopolitics is the study that analyzes Geography, History and Social science with reference to Spatial politics and patterns at various scales Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the In some definitions its borders are defined more by culture than by clear and precise geography. Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena Throughout history and to a lesser extent today Eastern Europe has been distinguishable from Western Europe and other regions due to cultural, religious, economic, and historical reasons. History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Although the term Eastern Europe was largely defined during the Cold War, it still remains much in use. [1] The term is commonly used in the media and in everyday use both in "eastern" and other regions of Europe.

Contents

Definitions

Eastern Europe as defined by the United Nations' Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (marked red):      Northern Europe      Western Europe      Eastern Europe      Southern Europe
Eastern Europe as defined by the United Nations' Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use (marked red):      Northern Europe      Western Europe      Eastern Europe      Southern Europe
According to the members of The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names:      Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia Division      East Central and South-East Europe Division
According to the members of The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names[2]:      Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia Division      East Central and South-East Europe Division
Pre-1989 division between the "West" (grey) and "Eastern Bloc" (orange) superimposed on current borders: Russia (dark orange), other countries formerly part of the USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange).
Pre-1989 division between the "West" (grey) and "Eastern Bloc" (orange) superimposed on current borders: Russia (dark orange), other countries formerly part of the USSR (medium orange),members of the Warsaw pact (light orange), and other former Communist regimes not aligned with Moscow (lightest orange). The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe.
CIA World Factbook classification:      Eastern Europe      Southeastern Europe      Transcontinental
CIA World Factbook classification:      Eastern Europe      Southeastern Europe      Transcontinental
2007 Time Almanac classification.
2007 Time Almanac classification. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and

Several definitions of Eastern Europe exist today, but they often lack precision or are extremely general. Definitions vary both across cultures and among experts and political scientists, recently becoming more and more imprecise [3]. This is a list of notable political scientists See the List of political theorists for those who study politics without using the Scientific method. Usually, the term is understood as a region lying between Central Europe and the Ural mountains, or as European countries of the former "Eastern Bloc" - western borders of Eastern Europe depend on the approach. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were

It should be noted, however, that for many people who identify themselves, because of cultural difference[4], with the idea of Central Europe,[5] associating them with Eastern Europe may be controversial[6] and even offensive. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and

UN

The United Nations Statistics Division considers Eastern Europe to consist of the following ten countries[7][8]: Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia (a transcontinental country), Slovakia, Ukraine. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent, sometimes referred to as transcontinental states. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The assignment of countries or areas to specific groupings is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories by the United Nations[9].

The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN) was set up to consider the technical problems of domestic standardization of geographical names[10]. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Group is composed of experts from various linguistic/geographical divisions that have been established at the UN Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names.

CIA

The CIA World Factbook[16] describes the following countries as located in:

Time Almanac

The 2007 Time Almanac defines Eastern Europe as the following 24 countries: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine

Geographical

The Ural Mountains are the geographical border on the eastern edge of Europe. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye In the west, however, the cultural and religious boundaries are subject to considerable overlap and, most importantly, have undergone historical fluctuations, which make a precise definition of the western boundaries of Eastern Europe somewhat difficult. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos

Soviet era

One view of the present boundaries of Eastern Europe came into being during the final stages of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The area eventually came to encompass all the European countries which were under Soviet influence or control. These countries had communist regimes imposed upon them, and neutral countries were classified by the nature of their political regimes. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties The Cold War increased the number of reasons for the division of Europe into two parts along the borders of NATO and Warsaw Pact states. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The North Atlantic Treaty The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe.

A competing view excludes from the definition states that are historically and culturally different. This usually refers to Central Europe and sometimes the Baltic states which have significant different political, religious, cultural, and economic histories from their eastern neighbors. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the

Post-Soviet

Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, other definitions of Eastern Europe have emerged. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

The Baltic states were Soviet republics but currently EU members that can be included in definitions of both Eastern and Northern Europe. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the The Republics of the Soviet Union were according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland [18][19]

The three former Soviet republics of the South Caucasus are seen as transcontinental countries, at the juncture of Eastern Europe and Southwest Asia. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The South Caucasus is a mountainous geopolitical area of south-central Eurasia, also referred to as Transcaucasia, or The Transcaucasus. This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent, sometimes referred to as transcontinental states. Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia. The 2007 Time Almanac has classified all three in Eastern Europe but the Central Intelligence Agency[20] and the United Nations[21] do not consider those states as being in Europe and instead consider them to be in Asia. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security

Kazakhstan is considered part of Central Asia, with a small portion west of the Urals in Eastern Europe. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south [22]

The Balkans

Some Balkan states can be considered both Eastern and Southern European. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic Bulgaria, Romania and Slovenia are currently EU members, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia and Turkey are currently official candidate countries, Serbia,Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro are officially recognised as potential candidates. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in


Central Europe and other countries

Some Central European states were communist states during the Cold War but currently EU members often excluded from the definition of Eastern Europe due to economic, historical, religious, and cultural reasons. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Republic of Macedonia (Република Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in [23][24][25]

Other countries:


Classical antiquity and medieval origins

Europe divided by religion.
Europe divided by religion.

The earliest known distinctions between east and west in Europe originate in the history of the Roman Republic. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the As the Roman domain expanded, a cultural and linguistic division appeared between the mainly Greek-speaking eastern provinces which had formed the highly urbanized Hellenistic civilization. Koine Greek (Κοινὴ Ἑλληνική, "common Greek" or, ciˈni ðiˈale̞kto̞s "the common dialect" is the popular form of Greek which emerged in This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. In contrast the western territories largely adopted the Latin language. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This cultural and linguistic division was eventually reinforced by the later political east-west division of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial

The division between these two spheres was enhanced during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages by a number of events. Late Antiquity (c 300-600 is a Periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in The Western Roman Empire collapsed starting the Early Middle Ages. The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern The Early Middle Ages is a period in the History of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 By contrast, the Eastern Roman Empire, mostly known as the Byzantine Empire, managed to survive and even to thrive for another 1,000 years. The rise of the Frankish Empire in the west, and in particular the Great Schism that formally divided Eastern and Western Christianity, enhanced the cultural and religious distinctiveness between Eastern and Western Europe. Carolingian Empire is a historiographical term sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the Carolingian dynasty. The East-West Schism, or the Great Schism, divided medieval Christendom into Eastern (Greek and Western (Latin branches which later became known as the Families of churches Eastern Christians have a shared tradition but they became divided ( Schism) during the early centuries of Christianity in disputes about Western Christianity is a term used to cover the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, the Churches of the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Church

The conquest of the Byzantine Empire, center of the Eastern Orthodox Church, by the Muslim Ottoman Empire in the 15th century, and the gradual fragmentation of the Holy Roman Empire (which had replaced the Frankish empire) led to a change of the importance of Roman Catholic/Protestant vs. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Eastern Orthodox concept in Europe, although even modern authors sometimes state that Eastern Europe is, strictly speaking, that part of Europe where the Greek and/or Cyrillic alphabet is used (Greece, Cyprus, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia). The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world



The Cold War divides Europe into the Eastern/Western blocs

     Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language      Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language      Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language
     Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language      Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language      Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language
The borders of Eastern Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. The Iron Curtain separated the members of the Warsaw Pact (in red) from the European members of NATO (in blue). Neutral coutries were classified by the nature of their political system.
The borders of Eastern Europe were largely defined by the Cold War. The West Slavic languages is a subdivision of the Slavic language group that includes Czech, Polish, Slovak, and Sorbian. The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slavic languages, currently spoken in Eastern Europe. South Slavic languages comprise one of the three geographical groups of Slavic languages (besides West and East Slavic) The Iron Curtain separated the members of the Warsaw Pact (in red) from the European members of NATO (in blue). The " Iron Curtain " was the symbolic ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The North Atlantic Treaty Neutral coutries were classified by the nature of their political system.

During the final stages of WWII the future of Europe was decided between the Allies at the 1945 Yalta Conference, between the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill, the President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and Codenamed the Argonaut Conference, was the wartime meeting from 4 February Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party

Post-war Europe would be divided into two major spheres: the "West" mainly influenced by the USA, and the Eastern Bloc dominated by the Soviet Union. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings During the Cold War, the term Communist Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and countries it either controlled or that were With the onset of the Cold War, Europe was divided by the Iron Curtain. The " Iron Curtain " was the symbolic ideological and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II until the end

This term had been used during World War II by German Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels and later Count Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk in the last days of the war; however, its use was hugely popularised by Winston Churchill, who used it in his famous "Sinews of Peace" address March 5, 1946 at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri:

“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Paul Joseph Goebbels (German pronunciation ˈɡœbəls English generally ˈɡɝbəlz (29 October 1897 1 May 1945 was a German politician and Reich Minister of Public Johann Ludwig (Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk, (22 August 1887 4 March 1977 was a German jurist and senior government official Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Westminster College is a private Liberal arts institution in Fulton Missouri, USA Fulton is a City in Callaway County, Missouri, the United States of America The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Trieste (Trieste Slovene and Croatian: Trst; German: Triest) is a city and port in northeastern Italy very near to Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of ”

As the Cold War continued the use of the term Central Europe declined. Although some countries were officially neutral, they were classified according to the nature of their political and economical systems. For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties This division largely defined the popular perception and understanding of Eastern Europe and its borders with Western Europe till this day.

A divided Europe

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe was mainly composed of all the European countries liberated and then occupied by the Soviet army. It included the German Democratic Republic, widely known as East Germany, formed by the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The Soviet Occupation Zone ( German: Sowjetische Besatzungszone (SBZ or Ostzone; Советская зона Германии Sovetskaya zona Germanii All the countries in Eastern Europe adopted communist modes of government. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based These countries were officially independent from the Soviet Union, but the practical extent of this independence - except in Yugoslavia, Albania, and to some extent Romania - was quite limited. In some matters they were little more than client-states of the Soviet Union. Satellite state is a political term that refers to a country which is formally independent but under heavy influence or control by another country

Under pressure from Stalin these nations rejected to receive funds from the Marshal plan. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger Instead they participated in the Molotov Plan which later evolved into the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (short: Comecon). The Molotov Plan was the system created by the Soviet Union in 1947 in order to provide aid to rebuild the countries in Eastern Europe that were politically and economically aligned to As NATO was created, the countries of Eastern Europe, except Yugoslavia, became members of the opposing Warsaw Pact. The North Atlantic Treaty The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe.

Since 1989

With the Fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 the political landscape of Eastern Europe, and indeed of the world, changed. In the German reunification, the Federal Republic of Germany peacefully absorbed the German Democratic Republic in 1990. German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung took place twice after 1945 first in 1957 the Saarland was permitted to join the Federal Republic of Germany COMECON and the Warsaw Pact were dissolved, and in 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist.

Many European nations which had been part of the Soviet Union regained their independence. Czechoslovakia peacefully separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which took effect on January 1 1993, saw Czechoslovakia split into two separate countries the Czech Republic The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million

Yugoslavia fell apart, creating new nations: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and the Republic of Macedonia (see Breakup of Yugoslavia). See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The Republic of Macedonia (Република

Many countries of this region joined the European Union, namely the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, and Romania. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

The term Central Europe reappeared. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and

See also

References and notes

  1. ^ Q&A: US missile defence BBC
  2. ^ United Nations Statistics Division - Geographical Names and Information Systems
  3. ^ Drake, Miriam A. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and East-Central Europe (or Middle Europe, Median Europe, fr Europe médiane) – a term defining the countries located between German -speaking The location of the geographical centre of Europe depends on the definition of the borders of Europe, mainly whether remote islands are included to define the Extreme Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. (2005) Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, CRC Press
  4. ^ Huntington, Samuel The Clash of Civilizations" Simon & Shuster 1996
  5. ^ Redrawing the imagined map of Europe: the rise and fall of the “center”, J. Hagen, Political Geography, vol. 22 issue 5, pp. 489-517
  6. ^ "Central versus Eastern Europe" article from JRank
  7. ^ United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)
  8. ^ World Population Prospects Population Database
  9. ^ United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)
  10. ^ United Nations Statistics Division - Geographical Names and Information Systems
  11. ^ United Nations Statistics Division - Geographical Names and Information Systems
  12. ^ United Nations Statistics Division - Geographical Names and Information Systems
  13. ^ United Nations Statistics Division - Geographical Names and Information Systems
  14. ^ United Nations Statistics Division - Geographical Names and Information Systems
  15. ^ United Nations Statistics Division - Geographical Names and Information Systems
  16. ^ The CIA World Factbook
  17. ^ In the geography section Estonia is described as located in Eastern Europe, but in the economy section as Central European
  18. ^ Wallace, W. The Transformation of Western Europe London, Pinter, 1990
  19. ^ Huntington, Samuel The Clash of Civilizations" Simon & Shuster 1996
  20. ^ CIA - The World Factbook
  21. ^ World Population Prospects Population Database
  22. ^ Kazakhstan - MSN Encarta
  23. ^ Wallace, W. The Transformation of Western Europe London, Pinter, 1990
  24. ^ Huntington, Samuel The Clash of Civilizations" Simon & Shuster 1996
  25. ^ Johnson, Lonnie Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends Oxford University Press, USA, 2001
  26. ^ CIA World Factbook
  27. ^ Energy Statistics for the U.S. Government
  28. ^ NATO 2004 information on the invited countries

Dictionary

Eastern Europe

-proper noun

  1. A socio-politic geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of the Czech Republic, Poland and the Balkans, and to the west of the Urals.
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