Early Cyrillic alphabet
Type	Alphabet
Spoken languages	Old Church Slavonic, Church Slavonic, old versions of many Slavic languages
Time period	from circa 940
Parent systems	Phoenician alphabet  → Greek alphabet   → Glagolitic alphabet    → Early Cyrillic alphabet
Sister systems	Latin alphabet Coptic alphabet Armenian
Unicode range	U+0400 to U+04FF U+0500 to U+052F U+2DE0 to U+2DFF U+A640 to U+A69F
ISO 15924	Cyrs
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either to make sure old Cyrillic letters are displayed properly (For example instead of just Ѣ write Ѣ Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages Events By Place Asia Saadia Gaon compiles his Siddur (Jewish prayer book in Iraq. The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. The Coptic alphabet is the script used for writing the Coptic language. The Armenian alphabet is an Alphabet that has been used to write the Armenian language since the year 405 or 406. Unicode ’s ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of Writing systems (scripts In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system first used in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language. The First Bulgarian Empire (Първo Българско царство Părvo Bălgarsko Tsarstvo) was a Medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 to make sure old Cyrillic letters are displayed properly (For example instead of just Ѣ write Ѣ A sacred language, or liturgical language, is a Language that is cultivated for religious reasons by people who speak another language in their daily life

When Christianity was made the official state religion in 864, Knyaz (Prince) Boris I commissioned the creation of the alphabet. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Events By Place Europe July 25 - Edict of Pistres: Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings Boris I or sometimes Boris-Mihail (Michael (Борис I (Михаил also known as Bogoris (died 2 May 907 Clement of Ohrid developed the alphabet and named it after his teacher, St. Cyril. Saint Clement of Ohrid (Свети Климент Охридски sve'ti 'kliment 'oxridski (ca Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born Cyril was a missionary who, along with his brother, Methodius, is credited for inventing the Glagolitic alphabet, an earlier Slavic alphabet. Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages The Cyrillic alphabet is mostly based on the Greek and Hebrew alphabets, and is also influenced by Glagolitic. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף-בֵּית עִבְרִי alephbet ’ivri) consists of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language.

Since its creation, the Cyrillic alphabet has adapted to changes in spoken language and developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by It has been the subject of academic reforms and political decrees. Variations of the Cyrillic alphabet are used to write languages throughout Eastern Europe and Asia. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent.

Contents 1 The alphabet 1.1 Notes 2 Numerals, diacritics and punctuation 3 See also 4 References

The alphabet

Image	Unicode	Name (Cyrillic)	Name (translit.)	Name (IPA)	Trans.	IPA	Origin	Notes
	А а	азъ	azŭ	[aʒŭ]	a	[a]	Greek alpha Α, α
	Б б	боукы	buky	[buky], [bukŭi]	b	[b]	Greek beta Β, β;
	В в	вѣдѣ	vědě	[vædæ]	v	[v]	Greek beta Β, β
	Г г	глаголи	glagoli	[glagoli]	g	[g]	Greek gamma Γ, γ
	Д д	добро	dobro	[dobro]	d	[d]	Greek Delta Δ, δ
	Є є	єсть	estĭ	[ɛstĭ]	e	[ɛ]	Greek epsilon Ε, ε
	Ж ж	живѣтє	živěte	[ʒivætɛ]	ž, zh	[ʒ]	Glagolitic zhivete Ⰶ ?;
	Ѕ ѕ / Ꙃ ꙃ	ѕѣло	dzělo	[ʣælo]	dz	[dz]
	З з / Ꙁ ꙁ	земля	zemlja	[zemlja]	z	[z]	Greek zeta Ζ, ζ	See note 1
	И и	ижє	iže	[iʒɛ]	i	[i]	Greek eta Η, η
	І і / Ї ї	и/ижеи	i/ižei	[i, iʒɛі	i, I	[i]	Greek iota Ι, ι
	К к	како	kako	[kako]	k	[k]	Greek kappa Κ, κ
	Л л	людиѥ	ljudije	[ljudijɛ]	l	[l]	Greek lambda Λ, λ
	М м	мыслитє	myslite	[myslitɛ]/[mŭislitɛ]	m	[m]	Greek mu Μ, μ
	Н н	нашь	našĭ	[naʃĭ]	n	[n]	Greek nu Ν, ν
	О о	онъ	onŭ	[onŭ]	o	[o]	Greek omicron Ο, ο
	П п	покои	pokoi	[pokoj]	p	[p]	Greek pi Π, π
	Р р	рьци	rĭci	[rĭʦi]	r	[r]	Greek rho Ρ, ρ
	С с	слово	slovo	[slovo]	s	[s]	Greek lunate sigma Ϲ, ϲ
	Т т	тврьдо	tvrdo	[tvr̥do]	t	[t]	Greek tau Τ, τ
	Оу оу / Ꙋ ꙋ	оукъ	ukŭ	[ukŭ]	u	[u]	Greek omicron-upsilon ΟΥ, ου,	See note 2
	Ф ф	фрьтъ	frtŭ	[fr̤̥tŭ]	f	[f]	Greek phi Φ, φ
	Х х	хѣръ	xěrŭ	[xærŭ]	x	[x]	Greek chi Χ, χ
	Ѡ ѡ	отъ	otŭ	[otŭ]	ō, w	[oː]	Greek omega Ω, ω
	Ц ц	ци	ci	[ʦi]	c	[ʦ]	Glagolitic tsi Ⱌ ?, from Hebrew final tsadi ץ‎
	Ч ч	чрьвь	črvĭ	[ʧr̤̥vĭ]	č, ch	[ʧ]
	Ш ш	ша	ša	[ʃa]	š, sh	[ʃ]	Glagolitic sha Ⱎ, from Hebrew shin ש (possibly through Coptic shai Ϣ)
	Щ щ	шта	šta	[ʃta]	št, sht	[ʃt]	Ш-Т ligature, after Glagolitic shta Ⱋ
	Ъ ъ	ѥръ	jerŭ	[jɛrŭ]	ŭ, u:	[ŭ]
	Ꙑ ꙑ	ѥры	jery	[jɛry]	y	[y], or possibly [ŭi]	ЪI or ЪИ ligature
	Ь ь	ѥрь	jerĭ	[jɛrĭ]	ĭ, i:	[ĭ]
	Ѣ ѣ	ять	jatĭ	[jatĭ]	ě	[æ]
	Ю ю	ю	ju	[ju]	ju	[iu]	I-ОУ ligature, dropping У
	Ꙗ ꙗ	я	ja	[ja]	ja	[ia]	I-А ligature
	Ѧ ѧ	ѧсъ	ęsŭ	[ɛ̃sŭ]	ę, ẽ	[ɛ̃]		See note 3
	Ѩ ѩ	ѩсъ	jęsŭ	[jɛ̃sŭ]	ję, jẽ	[jɛ̃]	I-Ѧ ligature	See note 4
	Ѫ ѫ	ѫсъ	ǫsŭ	[ɔ̃sŭ]	ǫ, õ	[ɔ̃]		See note 5
	Ѭ ѭ	ѭсъ	jǫsŭ	[jɔ̃sŭ]	jǫ, jõ	[jɔ̃]	I-Ѫ ligature	See note 6
	Ѯ ѯ	кси	ksi	[ksi]	ks	[ks]	Greek xi Ξ, ξ
	Ѱ ѱ	пси	psi	[psi]	ps	[ps]	Greek psi Ψ, ψ
	Ѳ ѳ	фита	fita	[fita]	θ, th, T, F	[t]/[θ]/[f]	Greek theta Θ, θ
	Ѵ ѵ	ижица	ižica	[iʒiʦa]	ü	[ɪ], [y]	Greek upsilon Υ, υ
	Ѥ ѥ	ѥ	jeː	[jɛ]	je	[iɛ]	І-Є ligature
	Ћ ћ	гѥрв	gerv, gjerv	[ʤɛrv], [djɛrv]	đ, dj	[ʤ], [dj]	Serbian tshe Ћ, ћ	See note 7

Notes

South Slavic languages and dialects Western South Slavic Slovene Language Dialects Slovene dialects Central South Slavic diasystem Croatian language Dialects Kajkavian · Chakavian Western Shtokavian Burgenland · Molise Bosnian language Dialects Central Shtokavian Serbian language Dialects Eastern Shotkavian · Slavoserbian Romano-Serbian · Užice Differences between Serbian, Croatian, and Bosnian Deprecated or non-ISO recognized languages Serbo-Croatian language Bunjevac language Montenegrin language Šokac language Eastern South Slavic Old Church Slavonic Church Slavonic Bulgarian · Macedonian Dialects Banat Bulgarian · Shopski Slavic dialects of Greece Dialects of Macedonian Transitional dialects Eastern-Central Torlak dialects · Našinski Western-Central Kajkavian Alphabets Modern Gaj’s Latin alphabet1 Serbian Cyrillic alphabet Macedonian Cyrillic Bulgarian Cyrillic Slovene alphabet Historical Bohoričica · Dajnčica · Metelčica Arebica · Bosnian Cyrillic Glagolitic · Early Cyrillic 1 Includes Banat Bulgarian alphabet which is based on it. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice A (А а is the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It arose directly from the Greek letter alpha. Alpha (uppercase Α, lowercase α; Αλφα is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. Beta (uppercase Β, lowercase β, internal ϐ; Βήτα Vita is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. Ve (В в is the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the sound /v/ Beta (uppercase Β, lowercase β, internal ϐ; Βήτα Vita is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. Ge or He (Г г italics Г, г) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing /g/ or /ɦ/ in different languages Gamma (uppercase &Gamma, lowercase γ Γάμμα is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. De (Д д italics Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Delta (uppercase Δ, lowercase δ; Δέλτα Thelta is the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. For the Ukrainian alphabet letter Ye (Є є see Ukrainian Ye. Epsilon (uppercase Ε, lowercase ε; Έψιλον is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding phonetically to a Close-mid front unrounded Zhe (Ж ж is the letter of Cyrillic alphabet which represents the Voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/ ( listen) similar to the s Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. Ze (З з is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /z/ See also Principality of Zeta Zeta (uppercase Ζ, lowercase ζ; Ζήτα Zita is the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet. I or Y (И и italics И, и) is a letter of almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets representing typically /i/ (in Old Slavonic Eta (uppercase &Eta, lowercase η Ήτα) is the seventh letter of the Greek alphabet. I (І і (also called dotted I) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the orthographies of the Belarusian, Kazakh and Yi (Ї ї is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Ukrainian and Rusyn languages Iota (uppercase &Iota, lowercase ι Ιώτα Yota is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. Ka (К к is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It is derived from the Greek letter kappa (Κ κ Kappa (uppercase &Kappa, lowercase &kappa or ϰ; Κάππα is the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the Voiceless El (Л л is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /l/ unless it comes before a palatalizing vowel when it represents /lʲ/ except in Serbian Lambda (uppercase Λ, lowercase λ; Λάμβδα or el Λάμδα Lamda is the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet. Em (М м is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing a Bilabial nasal consonant /m/ unless it is before a palatalizing vowel when it represents Mu (uppercase Μ, lowercase μ; Μι or el Μυ) is the 12th letter of the Greek alphabet. En (Н н is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the consonant /n/ unless followed by ь or any of the Palatalizing vowels when it represents /nʲ/ Nu (uppercase Ν, lowercase ν; Νι Ni is the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet. O (О о is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/ word-initially and after hard consonants Omicron or Omikron (uppercase Ο, lowercase ο, literally "small o": Όμικρον o mikron, micron meaning 'small' in contrast Pe (П п (formerly referred to by the mnemonic name pokoy) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /p/ unless followed Pi (uppercase &Pi, lower case &pi) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet. Er (Р р is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It was developed from the Greek letter Rho. Rho (uppercase Ρ, lowercase ρ or ϱ) is the 17th letter of the Greek alphabet. Es (С с is the eighteenth letter in the Bulgarian the nineteenth letter in the Russian and the twenty-first letter in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Sigma (upper case Σ, lower case σ; Greek Σιγμα lower case in word-final position ς) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek Te (Т т italics Т, т) is the letter in the Cyrillic alphabet corresponding to T in the Latin alphabet Tau (uppercase Τ, lowercase τ; Ταυ) is the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet. Uk (Оу оу is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. It was originally a Digraph of о and either {{unicode|ѵ}} or у Omicron or Omikron (uppercase Ο, lowercase ο, literally "small o": Όμικρον o mikron, micron meaning 'small' in contrast Upsilon (uppercase &Upsilon, lowercase υ Ύψιλον is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. Ef (Ф ф is the twenty-second letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Phi (uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ) pronounced in modern Greek and as in English is the 21st letter of the Greek alphabet Kha, (Х х is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the Voiceless velar fricative /x/ in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian Chi ( Uppercase Χ, Lowercase χ; Χι He is the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet, pronounced as in English Omega,, is a letter used in the Early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Omega, Ω ω OMEGA is the premier Counter-terrorism unit of Latvia. Founded in 1992 OMEGA cooperates with many other counter-terrorism units over the world Tse (Ц ц is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It looks somewhat like U with square corners and a "pig tail" on the bottom right Tsade (also spelled Ṣādē or Tzadi or Sadhe or Tzaddik) is the eighteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Che or Cha (Ч ч italics Ч ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Sha (Ш ш italics Ш ш) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant sound /ʃ/ or /ʂ/ Shin (also spelled Šin or Sheen) is the twenty-first letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew The Coptic alphabet is the script used for writing the Coptic language. Shcha or Shta (Щ щ italics Щ щ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, historically representing The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern Yery or Yeru (Ы ы usually called ы in modern Russian) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. The soft sign (Ь ь is a symbol in the Cyrillic alphabet. In the Old Slavic language, it represented a short -like vowel but in modern Slavic Cyrillic writing italics. IPA is used to make sure that old Cyrillic is displayed properly Yu (Ю ю is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing either the combination /ju/ (a so-called iotated vowel or /u/ after a palatalized consonant Ya (Я я is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet, representing either the combination /ja/ (a so-called Iotated vowel) or /a/ after a palatalized consonant Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Xi (uppercase Ξ, lowercase ξ) is the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet. Psi (Ѱ ѱ is a letter in the Early Cyrillic alphabet, derived from the Greek letter psi (Ψ ψ For other uses see Psi. Psi (uppercase Ψ, lowercase ψ) is the 23rd letter of the Greek alphabet and has a For the acronym see FITA Fita (Ѳ ѳ is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Theta. Theta (uppercase Θ, lowercase θ or ϑ; Θήτα is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth Izhitsa ( Ѵ, ѵ; И́жица is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. Upsilon (uppercase &Upsilon, lowercase υ Ύψιλον is the 20th letter of the Greek alphabet. E iotified (Ѥ ѥ is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. Tshe (Ћ ћ is the 23rd letter in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Tshe (Ћ ћ is the 23rd letter in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Slovene or Slovenian ( slovenski jezik or slovenščina, not to be confused with Slovenčina) is a South Slavic language Spoken Slovene has at least 32 main Dialects ( narečje) ( dI) and speeches ( govor) ( sP) Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Croatian Kajkavian dialect ( Croatian: kajkavski, proper name kajkavica or kajkavština) is one of the three main dialects of the Croatian Chakavian dialect ( Čakavian; Croatian: čakavski, proper name čakavica or čakavština) is a dialect of the Croatian language Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages Burgenland Croatian language or dialect ( gradišćanskohrvatski jezik) belongs to the South Slavic branch of the Slavic languages. Molise Croatian dialect (also Molise Slavic Slavisano na-našo) is spoken in the Campobasso Province in the Molise Region of Italy, in three Bosnian language (Bosnian bosanski jezik) sometimes referred as Bosniak language or Bosniac language is a South Slavic language native Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Shtokavian or Štokavian (štokavski is the main dialect of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian languages The Slavonic-Serbian language (славяносербскій / slavjanoserbskij or словенскій slovenskij; славеносрпски / slavenosrpski The Serbian Romany language (ISO 639-3/SIL code rsb) is the Mixed language of Serbian (a South Slavic language) and Romany (an The Užican speech (also spelled Užičan speech) or Zlatiborian speech ( Serbian Cyrillic: ужички говор or златиборски говор ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem Montenegrin language ( Cyrillic script: Црногорски језик, Latin: Crnogorski jezik) is the name given to the Ijekavian- Shtokavian The Šokac language ( Šokački jezik) was a language listed in Austro-Hungarian censuses to make sure old Cyrillic letters are displayed properly (For example instead of just Ѣ write Ѣ Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Banat Bulgarians ( Banat Bulgarian: palćene or banátsći balgare; common банатски българи banatski balgari) are a distinct Shopi (шопи Scientific transliteration šopi singular шоп šop with various regional names also existing is a regional term referring to the inhabitants of the The Slavic dialects of Greece are the dialects of Bulgarian or Macedonian spoken by minority groups in the regions of Macedonia and Thrace The dialects of Macedonian comprise the Slavic dialects spoken in the Republic of Macedonia as well as some varieties spoken in the wider geographic region of Macedonia Torlak ( Cyrillic: Торлачки говор Торлашки говор Latinic: Torlački govor) or simply Torlakian, is the name used Našinski, meaning "our (language" or Goranian is a South Slavic idiom more specifically a Torlakian dialect spoken by the Gorani Croatian Kajkavian dialect ( Croatian: kajkavski, proper name kajkavica or kajkavština) is one of the three main dialects of the Croatian The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска/Вукова ћирилица srpska/Vukova ćirilica, literally " Serbian/Vuk's Cyrillic alphabet " is The Macedonian alphabet (Македонска азбука Makedonska azbuka) is an adaptation of the Cyrillic alphabet used to write the modern Macedonian language Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The Slovene alphabet is an extension of the Latin alphabet and is used in the Slovene. The Bohorič alphabet (bohoričica was an Orthography used for the Slovene language between the 16th and 19th centuries Dajnko alphabet or dajnčica was a Slovene writing system invented by Peter Dajnko. Metelko alphabet (Slovene metelčica) was a Slovene writing system developed by Franc Serafin Metelko. Arebica or arabica was a variant of the Perso-Arabic script used by Bosnian Muslims to write the Bosnian language. Bosnian Cyrillic is an extinct Cyrillic script that originated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Glagolitic alphabet or Glagolitsa is the oldest known Slavic Alphabet. v • d • e

In addition to the basic letters, there were a number of scribal variations, combining ligatures, and regionalisms used, all of which varied over time.

Numerals, diacritics and punctuation

Each letter also had a numeric value, inherited from the corresponding Greek letter. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early A titlo over a sequence of letters indicated their use as a number. Titlo is an extended Diacritic symbol first used in Old Cyrillic manuscripts e See Cyrillic numerals, Titlo. Cyrillic numerals was a numbering system derived from the Cyrillic alphabet, used by South and East Slavic peoples. Titlo is an extended Diacritic symbol first used in Old Cyrillic manuscripts e

Several diacritics, adopted from Polytonic Greek orthography, were also used (these may not appear correctly in all web browsers; they are supposed to be directly above the letter, not off to its upper right):

а́  oksia (acute accent), indicating a stressed syllable (Unicode U+0341)

а̀  varia (grave accent), indicating stress on the last syllable (U+0340)

а҄  kamora, indicating palatalization (U+0484), similar to an inverted breve

а҅  dasy pneuma, rough breathing mark (U+0485)

а҆  zvatel'tse, or psilon pneuma, soft breathing mark (U+0486)

а҃  titlo, indicating abbreviations, or letters used as numerals (U+0483)

ӓ  trema, diaeresis (U+0308)

а҆́  Combined zvatel'tse and oksia is called iso. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Kamora is a brand of coffee liqueur produced in Mexico. It is slightly less sweet and also less expensive than its main competitor Kahlúa. Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process Length The breve sign indicates a short vowel as opposed to the Macron  ¯ which indicates long vowels in academic transcription The spiritus asper ( Latin for "rough breathing" δασὺ πνεῦμα dasỳ pneûma or daseîa) is a diacritical mark used in Titlo is an extended Diacritic symbol first used in Old Cyrillic manuscripts e For the HTML tag see HTML element. An abbreviation (from Latin brevis "short" Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark

а҆̀  Combined zvatel'tse and varia is called apostrof.

Punctuation marks:

·  ano teleia (U+0387), a middle dot used as a word separator

,  comma (U+002C)

. An interpunct ( ·) is a small dot used for Interword separation in ancient Latin script, being perhaps the first consistent visual representation of word boundaries   full stop (U+002E)

։  Armenian full stop (U+0589), resembling a colon

჻  Georgian paragraph separator (U+10FB)

⁖  triangular colon (U+2056, added in Unicode 4. A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the The Armenian alphabet is an Alphabet that has been used to write the Armenian language since the year 405 or 406. A full stop or period (sometimes stop, full point, decimal point, or dot) is the Punctuation mark commonly placed at the The Georgian alphabet (ქართული დამწერლობა is the writing system currently used to write the Georgian language and other South Caucasian 1)

⁘  diamond colon (U+2058, added in Unicode 4. 1)

⁙  quintuple colon (U+2059, added in Unicode 4. 1)

;  Greek question mark (U+037E), similar to a semicolon

!  exclamation mark (U+0021)

The Unicode Standard for text encoding version 5. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early The question mark (? also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces A semicolon (   ) is a conventional Punctuation mark with several usages 1, released April 4, 2008, introduces extensive additions for representing the early Cyrillic alphabet. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [1]

See also

• Bosnian Cyrillic
• Reforms of Russian orthography

References

• A Berdnikov and O Lapko, "Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic in TEX and Unicode", EuroTEX ’99 Proceedings, September 1999 (PDF)
• DJ Birnbaum, "Unicode for Slavic Medievalists", September 28, 2002 (PDF)
• M Everson and R Cleminson, "Final proposal for encoding the Glagolitic script in the UCS", Expert Contribution to the ISO N2610R, September 4, 2003 (PDF)
• V Lev, "The history of the Ukrainian script (paleography)", in Ukraine: a concise encyclopædia, volume 1. Bosnian Cyrillic is an extinct Cyrillic script that originated in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Old Russian language adopted the Cyrillic alphabet, approximately during the tenth century and at about the same time as the introduction of Eastern Christianity Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. University of Toronto Press, 1963, 1970, 1982. This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) ISBN 0-8020-3105-6
• V Simovyc and JB Rudnyckyj, "The history of Ukrainian orthography", in Ukraine: a concise encyclopædia, volume 1 (op cit).
• J Zamora, "Help me learn Church Slavonic", online
• Azbuka, Church Slavonic calligraphy and typography.
• Obshtezhitie.net, Cyrillic and Glagolitic manuscripts and early printed books.
• Peter T. Daniels and William Bright, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-507993-0.
• Simon Franklin (2002). Writing, Society and Culture in Early Rus, c. 950-1300. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-052181381.

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