Citizendia

Eagle
White-tailed Eagle in flight
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Falconiformes
Family:Accipitridae
Genera

Several, see text. The White-tailed Eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla)also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne (sometimes Ern) or White-tailed Sea-eagle Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 Species of Birds that include the diurnal birds of prey. The Accipitridae is one of the two major families within the order Falconiformes (the diurnal birds of prey) Eagles are large birds of prey which are members of the Bird order Falconiformes and family Accipitridae, and belong to several genera

This article is about the bird. For other uses, see Eagle (disambiguation).

Eagles are large birds of prey which mainly inhabit Eurasia and Africa. Birds of prey are Birds that hunt for food primarily on the wing using their keen senses especially vision For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. Outside these two areas, just two species (the Bald and Golden Eagles) can be found in North America - (north of Mexico), a few species in Central and South America, and three others in Australia. The Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a Bird of prey found in North America that is most recognizable as the national bird and The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

They are members of the bird order Falconiformes (or Accipitriformes, according to alternative classification schemes), family Accipitridae, and belong to several genera which are not necessarily closely related to each other genetically. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. The order Falconiformes is a group of about 290 Species of Birds that include the diurnal birds of prey. In a common way the raptors are classified the order Accipitriformes includes most of the diurnal Birds of prey: Hawks Eagles The Accipitridae is one of the two major families within the order Falconiformes (the diurnal birds of prey) A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic

Eagles are differentiated from other birds of prey mainly by their larger size, more powerful build, and heavier head and bill. Even the smallest eagles, like the Booted Eagle (which is comparable in size to a Common Buzzard or Red-tailed Hawk), have relatively longer and more evenly broad wings, and more direct, faster flight. "Aquila minuta" redirects here If based on Brehm (1831 it refers to this bird The Common Buzzard ( Buteo buteo) is a medium to large Bird of prey, whose range covers most of Europe and extends into Asia. The Red-tailed Hawk ( Buteo jamaicensis) is a medium-sized Bird of prey, one of three species colloquially known in the United States as the " Most eagles are larger than any other raptors apart from the vultures. Vultures are scavenging Birds feeding mostly on the carcasses of dead Animals Vultures are found on every continent except Antarctica and

Like all birds of prey, eagles have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, and powerful talons. Anatomy Stegosaurus --> Beaks can vary significantly in size and shape from species to species They also have extremely keen eyesight to enable them to spot potential prey from a very long distance. [1] This keen eyesight is primarily contributed by their extremely large pupils which cause minimal diffraction (scattering) of the incoming light. Diffraction is normally taken to refer to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle

In Britain before 1678, Eagle referred specifically to the Golden Eagle, the other native species, the White-tailed Eagle, being known as the Erne. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere The White-tailed Eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla)also known as the Sea Eagle, Erne (sometimes Ern) or White-tailed Sea-eagle The modern name "Golden Eagle" for Aquila chrysaetos was introduced by the naturalist John Ray. John Ray ( November 29, 1627 &ndash January 17, 1705) was an English naturalist, sometimes referred to as the

Eagles build their nests, called eyries, in tall trees or on high cliffs. In Geography and Geology, a cliff is a significant vertical or near vertical rock exposure Many species lay two eggs, but the older, larger chick frequently kills its younger sibling once it has hatched.

Eagles are sometimes used in falconry. Falconry or hawking is an Art or Sport which involves the use of trained raptors (birds of prey to hunt or pursue game for humans They appear prominently in myth and literature. In the Old World, such references are commonly to the Golden Eagle (or possibly closely related species found in warmer climates).

Contents

Taxonomy

Thermographic image of an eagle, thermoregulating using its wings
Thermographic image of an eagle, thermoregulating using its wings

Major new research into eagle taxonomy suggests that the important genera Aquila and Hieraaetus are not composed of nearest relatives, and it is likely that a reclassification of these genera will soon take place, with some species being moved to Lophaetus or Ictinaetus. Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification The word comes from the Greek, taxis (meaning 'order' 'arrangement' and, nomos [2]

Species

FAMILY ACCIPITRIDAE

The powerful Harpy Eagle can easily grab a monkey weighing 5 kg and fly away with it.
The powerful Harpy Eagle can easily grab a monkey weighing 5 kg and fly away with it. For other eagles known as "Crested Eagle" see Crested eagle. See also the New Guinea Harpy Eagle. The American Harpy Eagle ( Harpia harpyja) is a Neotropical Eagle, often
A Steppe Eagle in Lahore Zoo Pakistan .
A Steppe Eagle in Lahore Zoo Pakistan . The Steppe Eagle, ( Aquila nipalensis) is a large Bird of prey. The Lahore Zoo in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, established in 1872, was once considered one of the largest zoos in Asia.
A dark individual of the Short-toed Eagle.
A dark individual of the Short-toed Eagle. The Short-toed Eagle ( Circaetus gallicus) is a medium-sized Bird of prey in the family Accipitridae which also includes many other diurnal raptors

Eagles in culture

The word

The modern English name of the bird is derived from the Latin term aquila by way of the French Aigle. UserPolbot. --> The Madagascar Serpent-eagle, Serpentaire de Madagascar, or Culebrera Azor ( Eutriorchis English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Latin aquila may derive from the word aquilus, meaning dark-colored, swarthy, or blackish, as a description of the eagle's plumage; or from Aquilo, the Latin version of Greek Boreas, or north wind.

Old English used the term Earn, related to Scandinavia's Ørn / Örn. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well The etymology of this word is related to Greek ornis, literally meaning "bird". Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time Modern Greek (el Νέα Ελληνικά or el Νεοελληνική lit In this sense, the Eagle is the Bird with a capital B.

Eagles as national symbols

Double-headed eagle emblem of the Byzantine Empire. Relief from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Istanbul)
Double-headed eagle emblem of the Byzantine Empire. Relief from the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Istanbul)
Coat of arms of the town of Berg en Terblijt in the Netherlands, an example of the prolific use of the eagle in European heraldry.
Coat of arms of the town of Berg en Terblijt in the Netherlands, an example of the prolific use of the eagle in European heraldry. History Early history Christianity in Byzantium existed from the time of the Twelve Apostles, but it was in the year 330 that the Roman Emperor Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Berg en Terblijt was a small village between Maastricht and Valkenburg in the southern Netherlands province of Limburg. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms.
Napoleonic eagle
Napoleonic eagle

Eagles have been used by many nations as a national symbol.

Eagles as religious objects

Moche Eagle, A.D. 200, Larco Museum Collection, Lima, Peru.
Moche Eagle, A. D. 200, Larco Museum Collection, Lima, Peru. The Larco Museum (Museo Larco is located in the Pueblo Libre District in Lima, Peru.

Eagle lecterns are very common in Christian churches and cathedrals. A lectern (from the Latin lectus, past participle of legere, "to read" is a reading desk with a slanted top usually placed on a stand or affixed to The eagle is the symbol used to depict John the Apostle, whose writing most clearly witnesses the light and divinity of Christ. Saint John the Apostle ( Greek Ιωάννης, see Names of John) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. In art, John, as the presumed author of the Gospel, is often depicted with an eagle, which symbolizes the height he rose in the first chapter of his gospel. See Names of John. John the Baptist, simply called "John" in the New Testament is a distinct person thus his identity will not be discussed in this article

The eagle is a sacred bird in some cultures and the feathers of the eagle are central to many religious and spiritual customs, especially amongst Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada, as well as among many of the peoples of Meso-America. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Spirituality, in a narrow sense concerns itself with matters of the Spirit, a concept closely tied to religious belief and Faith, a transcendent reality Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people Mesoamerica or Meso-America (Mesoamérica is a Region extending approximately from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua, defined Some Native American peoples revere eagles as sacred religious objects and the feathers and parts of Bald and Golden Eagles are often compared to the Bible and crucifix. The Bald Eagle ( Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a Bird of prey found in North America that is most recognizable as the national bird and The Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos) is one of the best known birds of prey in the Northern Hemisphere Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin A crucifix (from Latin cruci fixus meaning "(one fixed to a cross" is a cross with a representation of Jesus ' body or corpus Eagle feathers are often used in various ceremonies and are used to honor noteworthy achievements and qualities such as exceptional leadership and bravery. In the cultures of the Northwest Coast, Eagle is also a supernatural being and also the ancestor and features in the heraldic crests of important clans known as totem poles. The British Columbia Coast is Canada 's western continental coastlines Totem poles are monumental Sculptures carved from great Trees usually cedar but mostly Western Redcedar, by a number of Indigenous cultures along

The Moche people of ancient Peru worshipped the animal and often depicted eagles in their art. The Moche civilization (alternately the Mochica culture Early Chimu Pre-Chimu Proto-Chimu etc Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. [4]

Despite modern and historic Native American practices of giving eagle feathers to non-indigenous people and also members of other tribes who have been deemed worthy, current United States eagle feather law stipulates that only individuals of certifiable Native American ancestry enrolled in a federally recognized tribe are legally authorized to obtain eagle feathers for religious or spiritual use. In the United States, there are a number of federal wildlife laws pertaining to Eagles and their feathers (e Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Spirituality, in a narrow sense concerns itself with matters of the Spirit, a concept closely tied to religious belief and Faith, a transcendent reality [5] In Canada, poaching of eagle feathers for the booming U. S. market has sometimes resulted in the arrests of First Nations person for the crime. [6]

Eagles as organizational symbols

Serbian flag
Serbian flag

References

  1. ^ Shlaer, Robert (1972-05-26). "An Eagle's Eye: Quality of the Retinal Image". Science 176 (4037): 920-922. doi:10.1126/science.176.4037.920. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  2. ^ Lerner, H. R. L. ; D. P. Mindell (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (37): 327-346.  
  3. ^ Bunce, M. ; et al (2005). "Ancient DNA Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of New Zealand's Extinct Giant Eagle". PLoS Biol 3 (1): e9. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030009. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  4. ^ Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera. The Larco Museum (Museo Larco is located in the Pueblo Libre District in Lima, Peru. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997. Thames & Hudson (also Thames and Hudson and sometimes T&H for brevity are a Publisher, especially of Art and Illustrated Books
  5. ^ Office of Law Enforcement. National Eagle Repository. Mountain-Prairie Region. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved on 2007-11-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,
  6. ^ Sin, Lena. "Charges laid in eagle-poaching case", The Province, CanWest MediaWorks Publications Inc. , 2006-04-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Retrieved on 2007-11-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,  

See also

External links

The Eagle is used in Heraldry as a charge, as a Supporter, and as a crest.

Dictionary

eagle

-noun

  1. Any of several large carnivorous birds in the family Accipitridae, having a powerful hooked bill and keen vision.
  2. (US) A gold coin with a face value of $10.00 formerly used in the United States.
  3. (golf) A score of two under par for a hole.

-verb

  1. (golf) To score an eagle.

Eagle

-proper noun

  1. The landing unit of Apollo 11.
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