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Affinity • Attachment • Bonding • Boyfriend • Casual • Cohabitation • Compersion • Concubinage • Courtship • Divorce • Domestic partnership • Dower, dowry, and bride price • Family • Friendship • Girlfriend • Husband • Infatuation • Intimacy • Jealousy • Limerence • Love • Marriage • Monogamy • Nonmonogamy • Passion • Pederasty • Platonic love • Polyamory • Polyfidelity • Polygamy • Psychology of monogamy • Relationship abuse • Romance • Separation • Sexuality • Serial monogamy • Sexual orientation • Significant other • Wedding • Widowhood • Wife |
A dowry (also known as trousseau) is the money, goods, or estate that a woman brings to her husband in marriage. An interpersonal relationship is a relatively long-term association between two or more people Affinity in terms of Sociology, refers to " Kinship of Spirit " interest and other interpersonal commonalities. Attachment in adults deals with the theory of attachment in adult romantic relationships Human bonding refers to the development of a close Interpersonal relationship between family members or friends NOTICE*************** Casual relationship is a term used to describe the physical and emotional relationship between two people who may have a Sexual relationship or a near-sexual relationship without Cohabitation is when people live together in an emotionally- and/or physically- Intimate relationship. Compersion is a term used by practitioners of Polyamory or Swingers to describe the experience of taking pleasure that one's partner is with another person Concubinage is the state of a woman or youth in an ongoing quasi-matrimonial relationship with a man of higher social status Courtship is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage. A domestic partnership is a legal or Personal relationship between two individuals who live together and share a common domestic life but are neither joined by a traditional Not to be confused with Dowry, or with Dour. Dower or morning gift ( Latin doarium, or Latinized Bride price also known as bride wealth is an amount of Money or Property or Wealth paid by the groom or his family to the Parents of Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings Girlfriend is a term that can refer to either a Female partner in a non- marital romantic relationship or a female non-intimate Friend A husband is a Male spouse (participant in a Marriage, Civil union or Civil partnership. Infatuation is the state of being completely carried away by unreasoned passion or Love; addictive love The meaning of intimacy varies from relationship to relationship and within a given relationship Limerence, as posited by psychologist Dorothy Tennov, is an involuntary Cognitive and emotional state in which a person feels an intense romantic Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. Nonmonogamy is a Blanket term covering several different types of Interpersonal relationship in which some or all participants have multiple marital, Passion (from the Latin patior, meaning to suffer or to endure is an emotion of feeling very strongly about a person Pederasty or paederasty refers to an erotic relationship sexually expressed or not between an adolescent boy and an adult male outside his immediate family Amor Platonicus The term amor platonicus was coined as early as the 15th century by the Florentine scholar Marsilio Ficino Polyamory (from Greek el πολυ meaning many or several and Latin la amor “love” is the desire practice or acceptance of having more than one Polyfidelity is a form of polyamorous Group marriage wherein all members consider each other to be primary partners and agree to be sexual only with other members The term polygamy (a Greek word meaning "the practice of multiple marriage" is used in related ways in Social anthropology, Sociobiology, and The psychology of monogamy deals with the thoughts feelings and behaviors that commonly occur in monogamous relationships Abuse refers to the use or treatment of something (a person item substance concept or vocabulary that is harmful NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** Legal separation (sometimes "separate maintenance" " divorce a mensa et thoro," or "divorce from bed-and-board" is a possible step towards Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display Serial monogamy is characterized by a series of long- or short-term exclusive Sexual relationships entered into consecutively over the lifespan Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes NOTICE TO WOULD-BE-ROMEOS*************** A wedding is the Ceremony in which two people are united in Marriage. WIDOW is a full-length Album recorded by British rock band Ritual released in 1983 A wife is a Female spouse or participant in a Marriage, or Civil union or Civil partnership. [1]
The opposite direction, property given to the bride by the groom, is called dower or mahr. Not to be confused with Dowry, or with Dour. Dower or morning gift ( Latin doarium, or Latinized Mahr (مهر also transliterated mehr, meher, or mahrieh) is gift mandatory in Islam given by the groom to Normally the bride would be entitled to her dowry in event of her widowhood, prior to the evolution of her dower rights; so common was this that the terms "dowry" and "dower" are sometimes confused. Not to be confused with Dowry, or with Dour. Dower or morning gift ( Latin doarium, or Latinized
The dowry should not be confused with a bride price, money or goods paid by the prospective groom to the bride's parents in exchange for her hand in marriage. Bride price also known as bride wealth is an amount of Money or Property or Wealth paid by the groom or his family to the Parents of Money is anything that is generally accepted as Payment for Goods and services and repayment of Debts.
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History
It is described in the oldest records, such as the Code of Hammurabi as a pre-existing custom, prescribing only regulations for how it was to be handled and also included regulations for a bride price. The Code of Hammurabi ( Codex Hammurabi) is the best-preserved ancient Law code, created ca Bride price also known as bride wealth is an amount of Money or Property or Wealth paid by the groom or his family to the Parents of If a woman died without sons, her husband had to refund the dowry but could deduct the value of the bride price; the dowry would normally have been the larger of the sums. It marks the first record of long-lasting customs, such as the wife being entitled to her dowry at her husband's death as part of her dower, her dowry being inheritable only by her own children, not by her husband's children by other women, and a woman not being entitled to a (subsequent) inheritance if her father had provided her dowry in marriage. Not to be confused with Dowry, or with Dour. Dower or morning gift ( Latin doarium, or Latinized
In Europe
In Homeric times, the usual Greek practice was to give a brideprice, and dowries were also exchanged in the later classical time (5th century BC). In the context of the art architecture and culture of Ancient Greece, the classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries Bride price also known as bride wealth is an amount of Money or Property or Wealth paid by the groom or his family to the Parents of Ancient Romans also practiced dowry, though Tacitus notes that the Germanic tribes practiced the reverse custom of the dower. Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. Not to be confused with Dowry, or with Dour. Dower or morning gift ( Latin doarium, or Latinized
Dowry was widely practiced in Europe at all times. In Victorian England, it was seen as an early payment of her inheritance, such that only daughters who had not received their dowry were entitled to part of the estate when their parents died, and if the couple died without children, the dowry was returned to the bride's family. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities "Heir" and "Heiress" redirect here For the men and women fragrances endorsed by Paris Hilton see Heiress (fragrance. [2]
Failure to provide a customary, or agreed-upon, dowry could call off a marriage. William Shakespeare made use of this in King Lear: one of Cordelia's wooers ceases to woo her on hearing that King Lear will give her no dowry. William Shakespeare ( baptised King Lear is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1603 and 1606 and is considered one of his greatest works And in Measure for Measure, Claudio and Juliet's premarital sex was brought about by their families' wrangling over dowry after the betrothal, and Angelo's motive for forswearing his betrothal with Mariana is the loss of her dowry at sea. Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604 Folklorists often interpret the fairy tale Cinderella as the competition between the stepmother and the stepdaughter for resources, which may include the need to provide a dowry. Cinderella ( French: Cendrillon, Slovak: Popoluška, German: Aschenputtel, Spanish: Cenicienta Gioacchino Rossini's opera La Cenerentola makes this economic basis explicit: Don Magnifico wishes to make his own daughters' dowry larger, to attract a grander match, which is impossible if he must provide a third dowry. La Cenerentola ossia La bontà in trionfo ( Cinderella or Goodness Triumphant) is an Operatic Dramma giocoso in two acts by Gioacchino [3]
One common penalty for the kidnapping and rape of unmarried women was that the abductor or rapist had to provide the woman's dowry, which was until the late 20th century the wreath money, or the breach of promise. Wreath money is not a legal term but the literal translation of German "Kranzgeld" Breach of promise is a former Common law Tort. From at least medieval times until the early 20th century a man's promise of Engagement to marry
Providing dowries for poor women was regarded as a form of charity. The custom of Christmas stockings springs from a legend of St. Nicholas, in which he threw gold in the stockings of three poor sisters, thus providing for their dowries. Saint Nicholas (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Agios Nikolaos, "victory of the people" is the common name for Nicholas of Myra, a Christian Saint St. Elizabeth of Portugal and St. Saint Elizabeth of Portugal also known as Elizabeth of Aragon (1271&ndash 4 July 1336) ( Elisabet in Catalan, Isabel in Martin de Porres were particularly noted for providing such dowries, and the Archconfraternity of the Annunciation, a Roman charity dedicated to providing dowries, received the entire estate of Pope Urban VII. Saint Martín de Porres ( December 9, 1579 &ndash November 3, 1639) was a Dominican cooperator brother who was beatified Pope
In some parts of Europe, land dowries were common. In Grafschaft Bentheim, for instance, it was not uncommon for people who had no sons to give a land dowry to their new son-in-law with the condition that the groom would take the surname of his bride. Bentheim was a County of Holy Roman Empire, located in modern southwestern Lower Saxony, Germany. The Indian city of Mumbai (Bombay), which is one of the biggest cities in the world, was given as a dowry by the Portuguese crown to the British when H. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial M. Charles II King of England, Scotland and Ireland married Catherine of Braganza, a princess of Portugal in 1661. Charles II may refer to Charles the Bald (823 &ndash 877 king of the West Franks and Holy Roman Emperor Charles II of Naples (1248 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Catherine Henrietta of Braganza (25 November 1638 &ndash 31 December 1705 was a Portuguese Infanta and the Queen consort of Charles II of Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.
In some cases, nuns would be required to bring a dowry when joining a convent. A Nun is a Woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church
In Europe and Western culture in general it is still common for the bride's family to pay for the majority of the wedding costs.
In India
Though dowry was considered one of the chief reasons for female infanticide, recent studies have more to say. Payment of a Dowry, gift &mdash often financial has a long history in many parts of the world
In India, the practice is still very common, in arranged marriages and in rural areas as it is widely recognized as a Traditional Ritual of Marriage. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Demanding dowry is prohibited by law as of 1961 but these laws are highly misused, including mothers and sisters being arrested without investigation. Payment of a Dowry, gift &mdash often financial has a long history in many parts of the world More information can be found by searching for the phrase "IPC 498a." In spite of refusing to be part of dowry systems many grooms have been brought to grief.
The practice of the bride giving a dowry to the groom is said to have originated in the system of recognition that not only the husband was responsible for providing for his wife, but her father shared this responsibility. It is not clear when the practice began in India. In the recent times, as women have better economic opportunities, this tradition no longer holds valid. While the burden is removed from a woman's father and brothers, it still remains with the husband. In India the practice of giving women a dowry on breakage of marriage by husband still holds and is assisted by the judiciary and the police through threat of imprisonment. Many times the transaction never ends; the women can come back to the courts for more dowry if she feels like it
What began sharing of the economic burden of protector and provider role between the two families in an essentially agricultural economy, today has degenerated into gifts of gold, clothes, consumer durables, and large sums of money, in a few rare cases impoverished or heavily indebted poor families. The dowry is often used by the receiving family for business purposes, family members' education, or given to the husband's sisters again mostly as dowry in their marriage. Unfortunately, many times the bride’s family are unable to continuously provide such gifts to the groom’s (depending on whether or not the groom will continue to ask for gifts) after the wedding. Therefore, the bride’s family will disown her because they can not afford her and eventually, the groom will no longer “want” her.
To curb the practice of dowry, the government of India made several laws providing for severe punishment to anyone demanding dowry. While these laws give relief to a woman and her family, at the same time it also puts a man and his family at great risk. Misuse of this law by women in urban India and many incidents of extortion of money from the husband done by the wife and her family have come to light. NRIs, IITians, IIMites, IT professionals, businessmen, CAs, and other affluent groups are very prone to face misuse of anti-dowry law. The law allows the jailing of any person the wife names in a written complaint, without any investigation. The elderly and children have been jailed by misuse of this law. [4] Several human-right organizations have come up against the misuse of law. One of the most popular is Save Family Foundation (http://www.savefamily.org)
See also
References
- ^ dowry - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- ^ Gail MacColl and Carol McD. Not to be confused with Dowry, or with Dour. Dower or morning gift ( Latin doarium, or Latinized Dowry deaths are the deaths of young women who are Murdered or driven to Suicide by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws in an effort to extort Sex-selective abortion is the targeted Abortion of a Fetus based upon its Sex. Wallace, To Marry An English Lord, p166-7, ISBN 0-89480-939-3
- ^ Marina Warner, From the Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales And Their Tellers, p 213-4 ISBN 0-374-15901-7
- ^ Arrest of mothers and sisters without investigation
{http://www.stuff.co.nz/stuff/sundaystartimes/auckland/4554517a6497.html Hindu family prepares for marriage of daughter 10}
Marina Sarah Warner, CBE, FBA (born 9 November 1946, London, England) is a British writerDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic