The Double Concerto in A minor (Op. 102) by Johannes Brahms is a concerto for violin, cello, and orchestra. Johannes Brahms ( pronounced ˈbʁaːms (May 7 1833 &ndash April 3 1897 was a German Composer The term Concerto (plural concertos or concerti) usually refers to a three part musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an Orchestra The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Composed in 1887, it was Brahms' final work for orchestra. Brahms wrote it for the cellist Robert Hausmann and the violinist Joseph Joachim. The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member Joseph Joachim (June 28 1831 &ndash August 15 1907 (ˈjoʊɑːxɪːm was a Hungarian Violinist, conductor, Composer and teacher The concerto was, in part, a gesture of reconciliation towards Joachim, after their long friendship had ruptured following Joachim's divorce from his wife Amalie. Brahms had sided with Amalie in the dispute, and this led to the estrangement between Brahms and Joachim. The Double Concerto acted as a form of musical reconciliation. [1] The concerto also makes use of the musical motif A-E-F, a permutation of F-A-E, which stood for a personal motto of Joachim, frei aber einsam ("free but lonely"). [2]
The composition consists of three movements in the fast-slow-fast pattern typical of classical instrumental concertos:
- Allegro (A minor)
- Andante (D major)
- Vivace non troppo (A minor → A major)
Clara Schumann reacted unfavourably to the concerto, considering the work "not brilliant for the instruments". Clara Josephine Wieck Schumann (September 13 1819 &ndash May 20 1896 was a German musician one of the most distinguished Pianists of the Romantic era, as [3] Richard Specht also thought critically of the concerto, describing it as "one of Brahms' most inapproachable and joyless compositions". Richard Specht ( December 7, 1870, Vienna - March 19, 1932) was an Austrian Lyricist, Dramatist, By contrast, Donald Francis Tovey wrote of the concerto as having "vast and sweeping humour". Sir Donald Francis Tovey (17 July 1875 &ndash 10 July 1940 was a British musical analyst, musicologist, writer on Music, Composer [4]
Richard Cohn has included the first movement of this concerto in his detailed discussion of various composers' use of triadic progressions. [5] Cohn has also analysed such progressions mathematically. [6]
Media
Concerto in A minor, Op. 102 'Double Concerto' - I. Allegro Performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of Musopen Concerto in A minor, Op. 102 'Double Concerto' - II. Andante Performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of Musopen Concerto in A minor, Op. 102 'Double Concerto' - III. Vivace non Troppo Performed by the Skidmore College Orchestra. Courtesy of Musopen - Problems playing the files? See media help.
Sheet Music
- Double Concerto was available at the International Music Score Library Project. The International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP) is a project for the creation of a virtual library of Public domain music scores, based on the
References
- ^ Schwartz, Boris (Autumn 1983). "Joseph Joachim and the Genesis of Brahms's Violin Concerto". The Musical Quarterly LXIX (4): 503-526.
- ^ Musgrave, Michael (July 1983). "Brahms's First Symphony: Thematic Coherence and Its Secret Origin". Music Analysis 2 (2): 117-133.
- ^ Wollenberg, Susan (February 1993). "Reviews of Books: Beiträge zur Geschichte des Konzerts: Festschrift Siegfried Kross zum 60. Geburtstag (eds. Reinmar Emans and Matthias Wendt". Music & Letters 74 (1): 77-81.
- ^ Stein, George P. (October 1971). "The Arts: Being through Meaning". Journal of Aesthetic Education 5 (4): 99-113.
- ^ Cohn, Richard (March 1996). "Maximally Smooth Cycles, Hexatonic Systems, and the Analysis of Late-Romantic Triadic Progressions". Music Analysis 15 (1): 9-40.
- ^ Cohn, Richard (Spring 1997). "Neo-Riemannian Operations, Parsimonious Trichords, and Their Tonnetz Representations". Journal of Musical Theory 41 (1): 1-66.
External links
- History of the Concerto
- Adaptation of the work as a Cello Concerto
- Andrews University Symphony Orchestra, November 13, 1999 notes
See also
This is a list of Musical compositions for Violin, Cello and Orchestra.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic