| Districts (England) | |
|---|---|
| Category | Local government districts |
| Location | England |
| Found in | Counties |
| Created by | Local Government Act 1972 |
| London Government Act 1963 | |
| Created | mostly 1 April 1974 |
| and 1 April 1965 | |
| some ealier (see text) | |
| Number | 354 (as at 2008) |
| Possible types | Metropolitan (36) |
| Non-metropolitan (284) | |
| London borough (32) | |
| sui generis (2) | |
| Possible status | City |
| Royal borough | |
| Borough | |
| Unitary authority | |
| Populations | 25,000–1. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales The London Government Act 1963 (1963 c 33 is an act of the UK parliament, which recognised officially the Conurbation known as Greater London A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. England Regis Beeston Regis Bere Regis Bognor Regis Grafton Regis Borough status in the United Kingdom is granted by Royal charter to Local government Districts in England, Wales and Northern See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions 1 million |
The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. The subdivisions of England consists of as many as four levels of subnational division and at some levels there are a variety of types of administrative entity As the structure of local government in England is not uniform, there are currently four types of district level subdivision. Some districts are styled as boroughs, cities, or royal boroughs. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice England Regis Beeston Regis Bere Regis Bognor Regis Grafton Regis These are purely honorific titles, and do not alter the status of the district. All boroughs and cities, and a very few districts, are led by a Mayor who in most cases is a ceremonial figure elected by the council, but - after local government reform - is occasionally a directly elected mayor who takes most of the policy decisions instead of the council. Directly elected mayors are local government leaders elected by the general electorate rather than by the local council
Contents |
History
The first local government districts were created in 1894 by the Local Government Act 1894 which created Urban districts and Rural districts as sub-divisions of Administrative counties (which had been created in 1889). The subdivisions of England consists of as many as four levels of subnational division and at some levels there are a variety of types of administrative entity The Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict c 73 created a system of Urban districts and Rural districts with elected councils in all areas of England In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area Rural districts were a type of Local government area &ndash now superseded &ndash established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. Another reform in 1899 created 28 metropolitan boroughs as sub-divisions of the County of London. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965
The setting down of the current structure of districts in England began in 1965, when Greater London and its 32 London boroughs were created. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. They are the oldest type of district still in use.
In 1974, metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan counties (also known as 'shire counties') were created across the rest of England and were spilt into Metropolitan districts, and Non-metropolitan districts. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England.
The status of the London boroughs and metropolitan districts changed in 1986, when they absorbed the functions and some of the powers of the metropolitan county councils and the Greater London Council which were abolished. The Greater London Council (GLC was the top-tier Local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986 In London power is now shared again, albeit on a different basis, with the Greater London Authority. The Greater London Authority ( GLA) is the city-wide governing body for London, England.
During the 1990s a further kind of district was created, the unitary authority, which combined the functions and status of county and district. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions
Types
There are 36 metropolitan districts, 32 London boroughs, 238 non-metropolitan districts, 46 unitary authorities, the Isles of Scilly, and the City of London, making a total of 354 district-level authorities. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically
Metropolitan districts
Metropolitan districts (or metropolitan boroughs) are a subdivision of a metropolitan county. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. These are similar to unitary authorities, as the metropolitan county councils were abolished in 1986. Most of the powers of the county councils were devolved to the districts but some services are run jointly by joint boards and organisations. The districts typically have populations of 174,000 to 1. 1 million.
Non-metropolitan district (shire district)
Non-metropolitan districts (also known as shire districts) are second-tier authorities, which share power with county councils. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. They are subdivisions of shire counties and the most common type of district. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. The districts typically have populations of 25,000 to 200,000.
Where this two-tier system exists, the county councils are responsible for running some local services, such as education, social services, and roads. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Social work is a discipline involving the application of Social theory and research methods to study and improve the lives of people groups and societies District councils run other services, such as waste collection, local planning, and council housing. The council house is a form of public or social housing in the United Kingdom.
The number of non-metropolitan districts has varied over time. Initially there were 296; after mergers in the 1990s their numbers were reduced to 238.
Unitary authorities
These are single-tier districts which are responsible for running all local services in their areas, combining both county and district functions. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions They were created in the mid-1990s out of non-metropolitan districts, and often cover large towns and cities as this is deemed to be more efficient than a two-tier structure. In addition, some of the smaller counties such as Rutland, Herefordshire and the Isle of Wight are unitary authorities. Rutland is a county of mainland England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire, and southeast by Constitution Herefordshire was reconstituted both as a new Non-metropolitan district (effective 19th July 1996 and as a new County comprising the area of the The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the There are a total of 46 unitary authorities, with a further 9 due to be introduced in 2009.
Unitary authorities are actually a slightly modified type of non-metropolitan district; most are established as individual counties containing a single district, with a district council but no county council. Berkshire is unusual, being a non-metropolitan county with no county council and six unitary authority districts, and the Isle of Wight is a non-metropolitan county council with no districts. Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South In practice, these function in the same way as other unitary authorities.
London boroughs
The London boroughs are sub-divisions of Greater London. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. They were established in 1965. Between 1965 and 1986 a two-tier structure of government existed in Greater London and the boroughs shared power with the Greater London Council (GLC). The Greater London Council (GLC was the top-tier Local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986 When the GLC was abolished in 1986 they gained similar status to the unitary authorities. In 2000 the Greater London Authority was established and a two-tier structure was restored, albeit with a change to the balance of powers and responsibilities. The Greater London Authority ( GLA) is the city-wide governing body for London, England.
Facts
- Cambridge is the only district to be entirely surrounded by another (South Cambridgeshire). The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England List of settlements Abington Piggotts - Arrington - Babraham - Balsham - Bar Hill - Barrington - Bartlow There used to be three others - Bath was entirely surrounded by Wansdyke, Scunthorpe by Glanford and Hereford by South Herefordshire. Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. Wansdyke was a Non-metropolitan district within the County of Avon, in the west of England Scunthorpe is a town within North Lincolnshire, England. It is the administrative centre of the North Lincolnshire Unitary authority Glanford was a borough of the English non-metropolitan county of Humberside from April 1, 1974 to April 1, 1996 Hereford ( ˈhɛrɨfəd is a city, Civil parish and County town of Herefordshire, England. South Herefordshire was an English local government district, based at Ross-on-Wye, from 1974 to 1988
- Only one district, Stockton-on-Tees is split for ceremonial purposes
- Several non-unitary districts are comparable in size to counties. Stockton-on-Tees is a Unitary authority area and borough in the Tees Valley area of North East England, with a population in 2001 of 178408 The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies For example, Tynedale is larger than Nottinghamshire. Tynedale, is a local government district in south-west Northumberland, England. Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire
- The only district boundary that is not vertical is that between the City of London and the London Borough of Southwark. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The London Borough of Southwark ( is a London borough in south east London, England. This is because the City today controls the full spans of London Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge, but only half of the river underneath them.
See also
| Region level: | Region | Region | Region | London |
| County level: | Metropolitan county | Shire county | Unitary authority | Greater London |
| District level: | Metropolitan district | Shire district | n/a | London borough |
| Parish level: | (Civil parish) | (Civil parish) | (Civil parish) | n/a |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic