Citizendia

Distinguished Service Cross

Current Distinguished Service Cross
Awarded by United States Army
TypeMedal
Awarded for"Extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. "
StatusCurrently awarded
Statistics
First awarded1918
Precedence
Next (higher)Medal of Honor
SameArmy - Distinguished Service Cross
Navy - Navy Cross
Air Force - Air Force Cross
Next (lower)Distinguished Service Medals: Defense, Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard
    
Obverse of the original Distinguished Service Cross (Left) and the Reverse of the current Distinguished Service Cross (Right)

The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is the second highest military decoration of the United States Army, awarded for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. The Air Force Cross is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Air Force. The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is a United States military award which is presented for exceptionally distinguished performance of duty contributing to national security This article concerns the United States Army Distinguished Service Medal The Navy Distinguished Service Medal is a military award of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which was first created in 1919 The Air Force Distinguished Service Medal was created by an act of the United States Congress on July 6, 1960. The Coast Guard Distinguished Service Medal is a decoration of the United States Coast Guard which was created in August 1949 by order of the United States Congress Awards and decorations of the United States military are Military decorations which recognize service and personal accomplishments while a member of the United States armed The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Actions that merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be of such a high degree to be above those required for all other U. S. combat decorations but not meeting the criteria for the Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. The Distinguished Service Cross is equivalent to the Navy Cross (Navy and Marine Corps) and the Air Force Cross (Air Force). The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. The Air Force Cross is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Air Force.

The Distinguished Service Cross was first awarded during World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In addition, a number of awards were made for actions before World War One. In many cases, these were to soldiers who had received a Certificate of Merit for gallantry which, at the time, was the only other honor besides the Medal of Honor the Army could award. The Certificate of Merit Medal was a military decoration of the United States Army that was issued between the years of 1905 to 1918 Others were belated recognition of actions in the Philippines, on the Mexican Border and during the Boxer Rebellion. The Boxer Rebellion, or Boxer Movement, was an uprising by members of the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists against foreign influence

This decoration is distinct from the Distinguished Service Medal, which is awarded to senior military and government officials in recognition of meritorious career service to the government of the United States. The Distinguished Service Medal is the highest non-valorous military and civilian decoration of the United States of America military which is issued for exceptionally meritorious

Contents

Description

A cross of bronze, 2 inches in height and 1 13/16 inches in width with an eagle on the center and a scroll below the eagle bearing the inscription "FOR VALOR". Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus On the reverse side, the center of the cross is circled by a wreath with a space for engraving the name of the recipient.

Ribbon

Ribbon for the Distinguished Service Cross, which is displayed before all other decorations except the Medal of Honor.
Ribbon for the Distinguished Service Cross, which is displayed before all other decorations except the Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government.

The ribbon bar is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes:

  1. 1/8 inch Old Glory Red 67156;
  2. 1/16 inch White 67101;
  3. 1 inch Imperial Blue 67175;
  4. 1/16 inch White;
  5. and 1/8 inch Old Glory Red. Ribbon bars are small devices that are worn by Military, Police, Fire Service personnel or by civilians.

Criteria

The Distinguished Service Cross is awarded to a person who, while serving in any capacity with the Army, distinguishes himself by extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of a Medal of Honor; while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States; while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing/foreign force; or while serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing Armed Force in which the United States is not a belligerent party. The act or acts of heroism must have been so notable and have involved risk of life so extraordinary as to set the individual apart from his comrades. . . .

Components

The following are authorized components of the Distinguished Service Cross:

  1. Decoration (regular size): MIL-D-3943/4. NSN 8455-00-269-5745 for decoration set. NSN 8455-00-246-3827 for individual replacement medal.
  2. Decoration (miniature size): MIL-D-3943/4. NSN 8455-00-996-50007.
  3. Ribbon: MIL-R-11589/50. NSN 8455-00-252-9919.
  4. Lapel Button (metal replica of ribbon bar): MIL-L-11484/1. NSN 8455-00-253-0808.

Background

The Distinguished Service Cross was established by President Woodrow Wilson on January 2, 1918. Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28 1856—February 3 1924 was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common General Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Forces in France, had recommended that recognition other than the Medal of Honor, be authorized for the Armed Forces of the United States for valorous service rendered, in like manner, to that awarded by the European Armies. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States The request for establishment of the medal was forwarded from the Secretary of War to the President in a letter dated December 28, 1917. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Act of Congress establishing this award (193-65th Congress) dated July 9, 1918 is contained in 10 U.S.C. § 3742. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Title 10 of the United States Code outlines the role of armed forces in the United States Code. The establishment of the Distinguished Service Cross was promulgated in War Department General Order No. 6, dated January 12, 1918. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The first design of the Distinguished Service Cross was cast and manufactured by the United States Mint at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its Trade and Commerce. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The die was cast from the approved design prepared by Captain Aymar E. Embury II, Engineers Officer Reserve Corps. Aymar Embury II ( June 15, 1880 – November 15, 1966) was an American architect Upon examination of the first medals struck at the Mint, it was considered advisable to make certain minor changes to add to the beauty and the attractiveness of the medal. Due to the importance of the time element involved in furnishing the decorations to General Pershing, one hundred of the medals were struck from the original design and numbered 1 to 100. These medals were furnished with the provision that these crosses be replaced when the supply of the second design was accomplished which would also be numbered 1 to 100.

10 U.S.C. § 3991 provides for a 10% increase in retired pay for enlisted personnel who have retired with more than 20 years of service if they have been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. Title 10 of the United States Code outlines the role of armed forces in the United States Code.

Order of precedence and wear of decorations is contained in Army Regulation (AR) 670-1. Policy for awards, approving authority, supply, and issue of decorations is contained in AR 600-8-22.

Notable Awards

World War I

During World War I, 6,309 awards of the Distinguished Service Cross were made to 6,185 recipients. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Several dozen Army soldiers, as well as eight Marines and two French Army officers, received two Distinguished Service Crosses.

A handful, mostly aviators, were decorated three or more times. Eddie Rickenbacker, the top U. Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8 1890 &ndash July 27 1973 was an American fighter ace in World War I and Medal of Honor recipient S. ace of the war, was awarded a record eight Distinguished Service Crosses, one of which was later upgraded to the Medal of Honor, while flying with the 94th Aero Squadron. He earned ten awards across his whole career. Fellow aviators Douglas Campbell, also of the 94th, and Frank O'Driscoll "Monk" Hunter of the 103rd Aero Squadron each received five. Douglas Campbell ( June 7, 1896 – December 16, 1990) was an American Aviator and World War I Flying Another 94th aviator, Reed McKinley Chambers, was awarded four Distinguished Service Crosses. Three aviators received three Distinguished Service Crosses - Murray K. Guthrie of the 13th Aero Squadron, Ralph A. O'Neill of the 147th Aero Squadron, and Glen A. Preston, an aerial observation pilot with the 99th Aero Squadron. Among other prominent aviators were Billy Mitchell, the Chief of Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force; Frank Luke of the 27th Aero Squadron, who was honored with the Medal of Honor and two Distinguished Service Crosses; and Sumner Sewall of the 95th Aero Squadron, recipient of two Distinguished Service Crosses, who served as Governor of Maine from 1941 to 1945. For other people with the same name see Billy Mitchell (disambiguation. Frank Luke Jr (19 May 1897 in Phoenix Arizona &ndash 29 September 1918 near Murvaux France) was an American fighter ace ranking second among U Sumner Sewall ( June 17, 1897 January 25, 1965) was a US Republican politician and airline executive who served as the This is a list of Governors of Maine ( US state) since statehood in 1820

Col. John H. Parker, the commander of the 102nd Infantry Regiment, 26th Division, was the only ground soldier to receive four Distinguished Service Crosses. First Lieutenant Oscar B. Nelson of the 168th Infantry Regiment, 42nd Division, was honored three times, the third award being posthumous. The 42nd Infantry Division is an division of the National Guard and United States Army.

Several men who had previously received the Medal of Honor received the Distinguished Service Cross in World War I. Most notable of these was Marine legend Daniel Daly, who was twice decorated with the Medal of Honor, and who received the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism as First Sergeant of the 73rd Company, Sixth Marine Regiment, during the Battle of Belleau Wood in June 1918. Sergeant Major Daniel Joseph "Dan" Daly (November 11 1873 &ndash April 27 1937 was a United States Marine and one of only 19 men (and two Marines to receive The Battle of Belleau Wood ( June 1 - June 26, 1918) occurred during the German 1918 Spring Offensive in World War I, near the Col. Charles Evans Kilbourne, Jr., who received the Medal of Honor in the Philippine Insurrection, was decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross as chief of staff of the 89th Division. Charles E Kilbourne was an officer in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Philippine-American War. The 89th Infantry Division was an Infantry unit of the United States Army that was activated for service in World War I and World War II James B. McConnell, also decorated with the Medal of Honor for actions in the Philippines as a private with the 33rd Infantry, received the Distinguished Service Cross posthumously as a first lieutenant with the 4th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Division. James McConnell was a Private in the United States Army and a Medal of Honor recipient for his actions in the Philippine-American War. The 3rd Infantry Division &mdashnicknamed the Rock of the Marne &mdash is a United States Army infantry division based at Fort Stewart,

Marine Colonel Hiram I. Bearss, recipient of the Medal of Honor in the Philippines, was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross while attached to the 102nd Infantry Regiment, 26th Division. Hiram Iddings Bearss (April 13 1875 &ndash August 28 1938 was an officer of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor for heroism during Marine Gunner Henry L. Hulbert, also a recipient of the Navy Medal of Honor in the Philippines, received the Distinguished Service Cross for bravery while serving with the Fifth Marine Regiment during the Battle of Belleau Wood. Henry Lewis Hulbert (1867-1918 was a United States Marine who served during the Philippine-American War and World War I. The Battle of Belleau Wood ( June 1 - June 26, 1918) occurred during the German 1918 Spring Offensive in World War I, near the Spanish-American War Medal of Honor recipient John H. Quick also received the Distinguished Service Cross at Belleau Wood as Sergeant Major of the Sixth Marine Regiment. John Henry Quick (June 20 1870 &ndash September 9 1922 was a United States Marine who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions at Guantanamo Bay Cuba

Besides Eddie Rickenbacker, several men received both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross during World War I. Navy recipients were John Henry Balch, a U. John Henry Balch (January 6 1896&ndashOctober 15 1980 was a United States Navy officer and a recipient of the Medal of Honor for his actions in World War S. Navy Pharmacist's Mate, and Joel T. Boone, a U. S. Navy Lieutenant (Medical Corps), both attached to the Sixth Marine Regiment. Army recipients were Private Daniel R. Edwards of the 3rd Machine-Gun Battalion, 1st Division, Colonel William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan of the 165th Infantry Regiment, 42nd Division, and Second Lieutenant Samuel I. The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army &mdashnicknamed “ The Big Red One ” after its Shoulder patch; and also nicknamed " The Fighting "Wild Bill Donovan" redirects here For the Baseball Pitcher and manager see William Edward Donovan. The 42nd Infantry Division is an division of the National Guard and United States Army. Parker of the 28th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division.

Two recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross during World War I went on to earn the Medal of Honor in World War II – Major Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. of the 26th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division, son of the former President, and Douglas MacArthur. Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who General MacArthur redirects here for other meanings see General MacArthur (disambiguation. Other recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross in World War I who went on to acclaim in World War II include George S. Patton, Jr. and Carl Spaatz. For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. Carl Andrew "Tooey" Spaatz GBE (June 28 1891 &ndash July 14 1974 was an American general in World War II, and the first Chief of

Among other prominent recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross during World War I were Brigadier General John L. Hines, decorated as commanding general of the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, and Major General Charles P. Summerall, decorated as commanding general of the 1st Division, who both went on to serve as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. John Leonard Hines ( May 21, 1868 - October 13, 1968) was an American soldier who served as Chief of Staff of the U Charles Pelot Summerall (March 4 1867 - May 14 1955 was a US General who fought in World War I and served as Army Chief of Staff between The Chief of Staff of the United States Army ( CSA) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Army and is member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Private Sam Ervin of the 28th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division, went on to serve as a United States Senator from the state of North Carolina. Samuel James Ervin Jr ( September 27, 1896 &ndash April 23, 1985) was a Democratic United States Senator from The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Major Dwight F. Davis, decorated as Assistant Chief of Staff of the 69th Infantry Brigade, 35th Division, founded the Davis Cup international tennis competition and served as United States Secretary of War in the Coolidge Administration. Dwight Filley Davis ( July 5, 1879 &ndash November 28, 1945) was an American Tennis player and Politician. The 35th Infantry Division has been a unit of the National Guard since World War I. The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's Tennis. The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration B. Caroll Reece, decorated as a First Lieutenant with the 102nd Infantry Regiment, 26th Division, went on to represent the state of Tennessee in the United States House of Representatives for a total of 17 terms. Brazilla Carroll Reece ( December 22, 1889 &ndash March 19, 1961) was a U The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate.

Between the World Wars

In the immediate aftermath of World War One, 62 awards were made for actions in North Russia and Siberia during the Russian Civil War. The North Russia Campaign (also known as the Northern Russian Expedition or the Allied Intervention in North Russia) was part of the Allied Intervention in Russia The American Expeditionary Force Siberia (AEF Siberia was a United States Army force that was involved in the Russian Civil War in Vladivostok The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed Also, approximately 132 retroactive awards were made for actions in previous conflicts, including the Indian Wars, the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Insurrection, the Boxer Rebellion, and the Mexican border conflicts. The Boxer Rebellion, or Boxer Movement, was an uprising by members of the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists against foreign influence Fifteen soldiers previously awarded Certificates of Merit for non-combat gallantry between 1899 and 1917 were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. The Certificate of Merit Medal was a military decoration of the United States Army that was issued between the years of 1905 to 1918

Prominent among post-World War I Distinguished Service Cross recipients for acts before that war was J. Franklin Bell, Chief of Staff of the Army from 1906-1910. James Franklin Bell (January 9 1856 &ndash January 8 1919 was Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1906 to 1910 A recipient of the Medal of Honor during the Philippine Insurrection, in 1925 he was awarded a Distinguished Service Cross for bravery in the Spanish-American War in 1898. In 1920, Peyton C. March, then serving as Chief of Staff of the Army, was awarded a Distinguished Service Cross for bravery in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War when he was a 1st lieutenant. Peyton Conway March (born December 27, 1864 in Easton Pennsylvania - April 13, 1955) was an American soldier and Army Chief March's successor, John J. Pershing, received a Distinguished Service Cross in 1941 for bravery during the Philippine Insurrection. John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB ( September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was an officer in the United States Army 2nd Lieutenant Gordon Johnston and Corporal Arthur M. Ferguson, both Medal of Honor recipients for the Philippine Insurrection, were also awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for others act of bravery in the Philippines. Gordon Johnston (May 25 1874 &ndash March 8 1934 was an officer in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Philippine-American Arthur Medworth Ferguson (born December 11 1877 Coffey County Kansas & died February 20 1922 Fort Leavenworth Kansas was a United States Army First

Among the recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross for Siberia and North Russia were Robert L. Eichelberger, who would earn a second medal in World War II, and Sidney C. Robert Lawrence Eichelberger ( 9 March 1886 &ndash 26 September 1961) was a General in the United States Army, who commanded Graves, who had previously received a Distinguished Service Cross in World War I.

World War II

During World War II, just over 5,000 awards were made. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Technical Sergeant Llewellyn Chilson of the 179th Infantry Regiment, 45th Infantry Division, received three Distinguished Service Crosses, as did Lieutenant Colonel John C. Meyer, U.S. Army Air Forces, and Major General James A. Van Fleet. The 45th Infantry Division was a unit of the United States Army in World War II and the Korean War. General John Charles Meyer (1919–1975 was an American World War II Flying ace, and later the commander in chief of the Strategic Air The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. James Alward Van Fleet ( March 19, 1892 - September 23, 1992) was a U

A number of recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross in earlier conflicts were again honored in World War II. Chester Hirschfelder, who as a captain with the 5th Machine Gun Battalion, 2nd Division, had received his first Distinguished Service Cross in 1918, received two more in 1944 as a colonel commanding the 9th Infantry Regiment of that same division. The 2nd Infantry Division is a formation of the United States Army. The 9th Infantry Regiment is one of the oldest and most decorated active units in the United States Army. Three recipients of two Distinguished Service Crosses in World War One - Douglas MacArthur, Hanford MacNider and Harry H. Hanford MacNider (1889– February 18 1968) was a United States Diplomat and United Semmes - received their third in World War Two. A handful of men who had received the Distinguished Service Cross in World War One received a second in World War II. Among these were George S. Patton, Jr. , whose second Distinguished Service Cross came as commanding general of the Seventh Army in Sicily, and Fred L. The Seventh United States Army, formerly the United States Army Europe, is the land component of United States European Command. Walker, commander of the U.S. 36th Infantry Division in the breakout from Anzio and advance on Rome. The 36th Infantry Division —also known as the Fighting 36th, the Panther Division, or the Texas Division —is a modular division of the Lieutenant General Robert L. Eichelberger, whose first Distinguished Service Cross was awarded for valor in Siberia in 1919, received a second for valor in New Guinea in the Buna campaign of 1942-43. Robert Lawrence Eichelberger ( 9 March 1886 &ndash 26 September 1961) was a General in the United States Army, who commanded The American Expeditionary Force Siberia (AEF Siberia was a United States Army force that was involved in the Russian Civil War in Vladivostok

A little over fifty soldiers (and one sailor) received two Distinguished Service Crosses in World War Two. The sailor was John D. Bulkeley, who also received the Medal of Honor and the Navy Cross and was one of the most highly decorated Americans of World War II. Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley (19 August 1911&ndash6 April 1996 was a United States Navy officer who received the Medal of Honor for actions in the The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. Among Army recipients of two Distinguished Service Crosses were Creighton W. Abrams, Jr., later the Chief of Staff of the Army, William O. Darby, one of the fathers of the U. Creighton Williams Abrams Jr ( September 15 1914 – September 4 1974) was a United States Army General who commanded military S. Army Rangers, and Robert T. Frederick, commander of the U. The United States Army Rangers or simply Army Rangers are specialized elite American light infantry and Special operations troops Robert Tryon Frederick ( March 14, 1907 - November 29, 1970) was a highly decorated American combat commander during World War II, who S-Canadian 1st Special Service Force. Properly designated as the 1st Special Service Force, The Devil's Brigade was a joint World War II American - Canadian Five men of the 82nd Airborne Division received two Distinguished Service Crosses: James M. Gavin, Arthur F. Gorham, Matthew B. Ridgway, Reuben Henry Tucker III and Benjamin H. Vandervoort. James Maurice "Jumpin' Jim" Gavin (born as James Nally Ryan; March 22, 1907 - February 23, 1990) rose to the rank of Arthur Fulbrook Gorham ( January 11 1915, Brooklyn New York – July 12 1943, Sicily Italy was a U Matthew Bunker Ridgway ( March 3, 1895 &ndash July 26, 1993) was a United States Army General. Major General Reuben Henry Tucker III (b Ansonia Connecticut, on January 29, 1911 - d Benjamin Hayes "Vandy" Vandervoort (* 3 March 1917 in Gasport, New York; † 22 November 1990) was an Several fighter aces also received two Distinguished Service Crosses, including Donald Blakeslee, Paul Douglas, Dominic "Don" Gentile, Gerald R. Donald James Matthew Blakeslee (September 11 1918 &ndash September 3 2008 was an officer in the United States Air Force, whose career began as a pilot in the Royal Canadian Major Dominic Salvatore "Don" Gentile (6 December 1920 - 28 January 1951 was an officer in the United States Army Air Force and later the United States Air Johnson, Charles "Mac" MacDonald, Jay T. "Cock" Robbins, David C. Schilling and Ray S. Wetmore. Colonel Charles Henry "Mac" MacDonald, USAF, ( November 23, 1914 -) was an American fighter ace. Jay Thorpe Robbins ( September 16, 1919 &ndash March 3, 2001) was a career officer in the United States Air Force who rose to the David Carl Schilling ( 15 December 1918 – 14 August 1956) was a U Ray S Wetmore (30 September 1923 - 14 February 1951 was a leading U The commander of Easy Company of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, U.S. 101st Airborne Division, Richard Winters, received a Distinguished Service Cross for his role in the assault on Brecourt Manor on D-Day. Easy Company 2nd Battalion of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment (PIR is one of the most well-known companies in the United States Army Richard D Winters (born January 21 1918) is a former United States Army officer who commanded Company "E" of the 2nd The Brécourt Manor Assault ( June 6, 1944) during the US parachute assault of the Normandy Invasion of World War II is often D-Day may also refer to Decimal Day in the United Kingdom. D-Day is a term often used in Military parlance to denote

During World War II, twelve soldiers, three army aviators and two sailors received both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross: from the Army, Bernard P. Bell, Maurice L. "Footsie" Britt, Herbert H. Burr, Leonard A. Funk, Gerry H. Kisters, James M. Logan, George L. Mabry, Jr., Douglas MacArthur, Audie L. Murphy, Junior J. Spurrier, Jack L. Treadwell and Jonathan M. Wainwright; from the Army Air Forces, Richard I. Bong, Horace S. Carswell, Jr. and Thomas B. McGuire, Jr.; and from the Navy, John D. Bulkeley and Samuel D. Dealey (who also received four Navy Crosses). Bernard Pious Bell (December 29 1911 - January 8 1971 was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration the Medal of Maurice Lee "Footsie" Britt Jr (29 June 1919&ndash26 November 1995 was an American professional football player World War II hero Herbert H Burr (September 13 1920 &ndash February 8 1990 was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal Leonard A Funk Jr ( August 27 1916 &ndash November 20 1992) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States Gerry H Kisters (March 2 1919 &ndash May 11 1986 was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of James Marion Logan (December 19 1920 &ndash October 9 1999 was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the George Lafayette Mabry Jr (14 September 1917 &ndash 13 July 1990 was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the General MacArthur redirects here for other meanings see General MacArthur (disambiguation. Also see Audie Murphy legacy. Audie Leon Murphy (June 20 1926 – May 28 Junior James Spurrier, born James I Spurrier Jr, was a United States Army soldier who received America's highest military decoration—the Medal of Honor Jack L Treadwell (March 31 1919 &ndash December 12 1977 was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal Jonathan Mayhew "Skinny" Wainwright IV (August 23 1883 &ndash September 2 1953 was a career American army officer and the commander of Allied forces Richard Ira "Dick" Bong (September 24 1920 &ndash August 6 1945 is the United States ' highest-scoring air ace, having shot down at least 40 Japanese Horace Seaver "Stump" Carswell Jr (July 18 1916 &ndash October 26 1944 was a Medal of Honor recipient as a Major in the United States Army Air Thomas Buchanan McGuire Jr ( August 1, 1920 &ndash January 7, 1945) was the second highest scoring American ace during World War Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley (19 August 1911&ndash6 April 1996 was a United States Navy officer who received the Medal of Honor for actions in the Samuel David Dealey ( 13 September, 1906 &ndash 24 August, 1944) was a United States Navy Submarine commanding officer One World War II Distinguished Service Cross recipient, Raymond Harvey, would earn the Medal of Honor in the Korean War. Raymond Harvey (1 March 1920 &ndash 18 November 1996 was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army who served during World War II and the [1]

Korean War

In the Korean War, there were just over 800 awards, of which over 300 were posthumous. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the A posthumous recognition is a ceremonial award given after the recipient has died usually in honor of an action associated with their death

Lloyd L. "Scooter" Burke, a lieutenant with the 1st Cavalry Division, Benjamin F. Wilson, a master sergeant with the 7th Infantry Division, and Air Force fighter ace George A. Davis, Jr., each earned both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross in Korea. Lloyd L Burke was a Soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. The 1st Cavalry Division ( "First Team") is a rapidly deployable heavy Armored division of the United States Army with base of operations Benjamin F Wilson was a soldier in the United States Army during the Korean War. The 7th Infantry Division, nicknamed Lightfighters or Bayonet was an infantry division of the United States Army. George Andrew Davis Jr (December 1 1920 &ndash February 10 1952 was a major in the 334th Fighter Squadron 4th Fighter Group 5th Air Force, United States Air Force

Colonel Arthur Champeny, previously decorated for bravery at St. Mihiel in September 1918 and a second time at Santa Maria Infante, Italy in May 1944, received a third Distinguished Service Cross in September 1950. Saint-Mihiel is a commune of the Meuse département, in northeastern France. Fighter pilot William T. Whisner, recipient of two Distinguished Service Crosses in World War Two, was awarded a third in Korea.

Ten World War Two recipients received a second Distinguished Service Cross in Korea. Among these were John T. Corley, whose first Distinguished Service Cross was earned in North Africa in March 1943 with the 1st Infantry Division and whose second was earned in August 1950 with the 25th Infantry Division, Hobart R. Gay, whose first Distinguished Service Cross was earned in 1944 as Chief of Staff of George S. Patton's Third Army and whose second was earned in 1950 as commanding general of the 1st Cavalry Division, and Walton Walker, whose first Distinguished Service Cross was earned in 1944 as commanding general of XX Corps and whose second was earned in 1950 as commanding general of Eighth Army. Brigadier General John T Corley ( August 4, 1914 - April 16, 1977) was a career Army officer noted for his contributions to Army training The 1st Infantry Division of the United States Army &mdashnicknamed “ The Big Red One ” after its Shoulder patch; and also nicknamed " The Fighting In American military history the 25th Infantry Division (nicknamed "Tropic Lightning") is a large military unit associated with operations in the Asia-Pacific region Lieutenant General Hobart Raymond Gay ( May 16, 1894, Rockport Illinois - August 19, 1983, El Paso Texas) was For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. The 1st Cavalry Division ( "First Team") is a rapidly deployable heavy Armored division of the United States Army with base of operations Walton Harris Walker ( December 3, 1889 &mdash December 23, 1950) was an American army officer and the first commander of the U The XX Corps of the United States Army fought from northern France to Austria in World War II. Nine men received two Distinguished Service Crosses in Korea. Among these was Edward Almond, the commanding general of X Corps. Edward Mallory Almond ( December 12, 1892 &ndash June 11, 1979) was a controversial United States Army general best known as the commander

Korean War Distinguished Service Cross recipient 1st Lieutenant Richard E. Cavazos would earn a second Distinguished Service Cross in Vietnam and rise to full general, becoming the first Hispanic-American four-star general. Richard E Cavazos (born January 31, 1929) a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant, who advanced Korean War Distinguished Service Cross recipient Ralph Puckett, Jr. would also receive a second Distinguished Service Cross in Vietnam in command of a battalion of the 101st Airborne Division. Ralph Puckett Jr (born 8 December 1926 in Tifton Georgia) led the 8th Army Ranger Company during the Korean War. Thomas Tackaberry would earn a Distinguished Service Cross in 1952 as a company commander and two more in Vietnam. U. S. Air Force ace Ralph Parr earned a Distinguished Service Cross in 1953 in Korea and an Air Force Cross in Vietnam.

Three Marines earned both the Navy Cross and the Army Distinguished Service Cross in Korea: Homer Litzenberg, Raymond Murray, and Marine Corps legend Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller. Homer Laurence Litzenberg (January 8 1903-June 27 1963 was a decorated Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, serving in Haiti Major General Raymond L Murray (January 30 1913&ndashNovember 11 2004 was a highly-decorated United States Marine Corps officer who earned two Navy Crosses one Lieutenant General Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller (June 26 1898 &ndash October 11 1971 was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and is the most "Chesty" Puller had previously earned four Navy Crosses in Nicaragua and World War II, while Murray had earned a Navy Cross on Saipan during World War II. The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from

Other notable Korean War recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross include Harold K. Johnson, later Chief of Staff of the Army, and Herbert B. Powell, later Ambassador to New Zealand (1963-67). Harold Keith Johnson ( 22 February, 1912 General Herbert Butler Powell ( July 13, 1903 - April 3, 1998) was a 4-star U Besides Gen. Johnson, at least four other Korean War Distinguished Service Cross recipients later rose to four-star rank: Paul L. Freeman, Jr., Clark L. Ruffner (decorated in 1951 as commander of the 2nd Infantry Division), John L. Throckmorton and John H. "Iron Mike" Michaelis (who had commanded the 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment in Normandy). Paul LaMarch Freeman Jr (June 29 1907 – April 17 1988was a United States Army four star general who served as Commander in Chief U General Clark Louis Ruffner was born January 12 1903 in Buffalo New York, and graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1924 The 2nd Infantry Division is a formation of the United States Army. General John Lathrop Throckmorton was born in Kansas City Missouri on February 28 1913 John Hersey Michaelis was a United States Army four star general who served as Commander in Chief United Nations Command /Commander United States During World War II, the 502nd Parachute Infantry Regiment ( 502nd PIR) was a Regiment of the 101st Airborne Division of the United States Welborn G. Dolvin, decorated as a lieutenant colonel with the 25th Infantry Division, rose to lieutenant general. Lieutenant General Welborn Griffin Dolvin was born February 8 1916 in Siloam Georgia and died May 17 1991 in Stevensville Virginia Cadet The Citadel 1933-35Cadet In American military history the 25th Infantry Division (nicknamed "Tropic Lightning") is a large military unit associated with operations in the Asia-Pacific region Ned Moore, who earned a Distinguished Service Cross as a colonel in August 1950, had previously served as Chief of Staff of the 101st Airborne Division in the Battle of the Bulge and later rose to major general. The Ardennes Offensive (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 was a major German offensive launched towards the end of World War II through the forested Ardennes Mountains Olinto M. Barsanti went on to command the 101st Airborne in Vietnam. Guy S. Meloy went on to command the 82nd Airborne. General Guy Stanley Meloy Jr was a US Army general World War II and Korean War veteran and served as commander of all U 1st Lt. Joseph C. Clemons, Jr. for his actions during the Pork Chop Hill, he would later command the 198th Infantry Brigade in Vietnam War. The Battle of Pork Chop Hill comprises a pair of related Korean War infantry fights during the spring and summer of 1953 The 198th Light Infantry Brigade, was first formed as part of the United States Army Reserve 's 99th Division. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially

Among the 14 foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross in the Korean War was Kenneth Muir, a major with the 1st Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, British Army, who also posthumously received the Victoria Cross. For the English author critic and professor see Kenneth Muir (scholar. The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders was an Infantry Regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division. See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since Other foreign recipients came from the Belgian, British, French, Greek, Philippine, South Korean and Turkish armies. .

Vietnam War

There were just over 1,000 awards in the Vietnam War, almost 400 of which were posthumous. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

Patrick Brady, a helicopter pilot with the 44th Medical Brigade, and Robert L. Howard, a Special Forces NCO, received both the Medal of Honor and the Distinguished Service Cross in Vietnam. Patrick Henry Brady (Born 1 October 1936 in Philip South Dakota) was a United States Army Helicopter pilot who earned the United States Robert L Howard (b July 11 1939 in Opelika Alabama) is a highly decorated officer of the United States Army and Medal of Honor recipient of the Major General Keith L. Ware, who had earned the Medal of Honor in World War II and who was killed in action in September 1968, received a posthumous Distinguished Service Cross. Major General Keith Lincoln Ware ( 23 November 1915 - 13 September 1968) was an United States Army officer, who

James F. Hollingsworth, who received a Distinguished Service Cross in April 1945 as commander of 2nd Battalion, 67th Armored Regiment, received a second award in November 1966 as assistant division commander of the 1st Infantry Division, and a third in March 1967 as acting division commander of the 1st Infantry Division. Thomas H. Tackaberry, who received his first Distinguished Service Cross in Korea, received a second in September 1966 as a battalion commander with the 1st Cavalry Division and a third in September 1969 as commander of the 196th Infantry Brigade, Americal Division. Both later rose to lieutenant general.

One World War Two recipient, William E. DePuy, and two Korean War recipients, Richard E. Cavazos and Ralph Puckett, Jr. William Eugene DePuy ( October 1, 1919 &ndash 1992 was a US Army general and the first commander of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command Richard E Cavazos (born January 31, 1929) a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant, who advanced , received a second Distinguished Service Cross in Vietnam. Both Depuy and Cavazos would later rise to full general.

Besides Hollingsworth and Tackaberry, ten other soldiers earned two Distinguished Service Crosses in Vietnam. Two, John R. Deane, Jr. and Barry R. McCaffrey, later rose to full general, and a third, Henry E. Emerson, retired as a lieutenant general. John Russell Deane Jr was a United States Army general and served as commander of the United States Army Materiel Command. Barry Richard McCaffrey (b November 17 1942, Ft Huachuca AZ) is a retired United States Army General. Major General Henry ("The Gunfighter" Everett Emerson, United States Army (Ret McCaffrey also served as Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy during the Clinton Administration. Colonel David H. Hackworth, who also received nine Silver Stars in Korea and Vietnam, later rose to prominence as a military affairs journalist. David Haskell Hackworth ( November 11, 1930 &ndash May 4, 2005) known affectionately as " Hack " was a retired United George S. Patton IV, son of a two-time Distinguished Service Cross recipient, received two Distinguished Service Crosses in 1968 as commander of the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment. George Smith Patton (formerly George Patton IV) ( December 24, 1923 in Boston Massachusetts - June 27, 2004 in South Sergeant Adelbert Waldron III, twice awarded the Distinguished Service Cross in 1969 as a sniper with the 9th Infantry Division, is credited with 109 confirmed kills, the most among U. SSgt Adelbert F Waldron, or Adelbert F Waldron III, ( March 14, 1933 &ndash October 18, 1995) was a United The 9th Infantry Division was an important unit of the United States Army in World War II and the Vietnam War. S. snipers [1] [2].

Among other notable Vietnam War Distinguished Service Cross recipients were several who later rose to full general. Among these, besides DePuy and Cavazos, were Paul F. Gorman, who later commanded the U. Paul Francis Gorman is a retired United States Army four star general who served as Commander in Chief United States Southern Command (USCINCSO from 1983 S. Southern Command, Robert C. Kingston, the first commander-in-chief of U. Robert Charles Kingston ( July 16, 1928 - February 28, 2007) was an American General who served as the commander of S. Central Command, James J. Lindsay, who later commanded the U. General James Joseph Lindsay (born on October 10, 1932 in Portage Wisconsin) is a retired United States Army four star general and served as the first S. Special Operations Command, and Louis C. Menetrey, who wore three hats as Commander, United Nations Command, R. Louis Charles Menetrey is a retired United States Army four star general who served as Commander in Chief United Nations Command /Commander in Chief ROK/U O. K. /U. S. Combined Forces Command and U. S. Forces Korea. John W. Vessey, Jr. John William Vessey Jr (born June 29, 1922) is a retired United States Army general. , decorated for valor during Operation Junction City in March 1967, rose to become Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, retiring in 1985. Frederick C. Weyand was decorated in 1967 as commanding general of the 25th Infantry Division. Frederick Carlton Weyand (born in Arbuckle California, September 15, 1916) is a former U He would serve as Chief of Staff of the Army from 1974 to 1976. Bernard W. Rogers, decorated in March 1967 as assistant division commander of the 1st Infantry Division, succeeded General Weyand as Chief of Staff of the Army and subsequently became NATO's Supreme Allied Commander, Europe (SACEUR). Bernard William Rogers is a retired American general who served as Chief of Staff of the United States Army, and later as NATO 's Supreme Alexander M. Haig, Jr., also decorated in March 1967 as a battalion commander in the 1st Infantry Division, preceded General Rogers as SACEUR, and became Secretary of State in the Reagan Administration. Alexander Meigs Haig Jr (born December 2 1924 is a retired four-star General in the United States Army who served as the U Former West Point football All-American, then Captain Bill Carpenter, "The Lonesome End", received the award in 1966, and would go on to retire as a major general. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, William S Carpenter Jr (born November 30, 1937) was an American Army officer and college football player

First Lieutenant Norman A. Mordue received the Distinguished Service Cross for valor in May 1967 while serving with the 1st Cavalry Division. Norman A Mordue (born June 26 1942 is a United States District Judge in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. He was appointed to the U. S. federal bench in 1998 and in 2006 became the Chief Judge of the U. S. District Court for the Northern District of New York. Captain Robert L. Helvey, decorated for valor in January 1968 also with the 1st Cavalry Division, became President of the Albert Einstein Institution. Eldon Bargewell, decorated in 1971 as a staff sergeant with MACV-SOG, was later commissioned and as of early 2006 was a major general on the staff of Multi-National Force Iraq and the only Vietnam-era DSC recipient still on active duty. Major General Eldon A Bargewell was a general in the United States Army and commander of Delta Force. The Military Assistance Command Vietnam Studies and Observations Group ( MACV-SOG) was a highly classified multi-service United States Special Forces unit David Christian, described as the "Youngest Most Decorated Officer of the Vietnam War", received the Distinguished Service Cross recipient while leading a long range reconnaissance patrol of the 1st Infantry Division, and later became a prominent advocate for veterans.

Among Distinguished Service Cross recipients for valor in the early battles in Vietnam were four members of the 1st Cavalry Division decorated for valor in the Battle of Ia Drang Valley in November 1965 – Lt. Col. Hal Moore, Major Bruce Crandall, Sergeant Clyde Earnie Savage and Specialist 5th Class Charlie "Doc" Lose. Harold Gregory "Hal" Moore Jr (was born November 29, 1923) is a retired United States Army Lieutenant General. Bruce P Crandall (born 1933 is a retired US Army officer who was awarded the Medal of Honor on 26 February 2007 for his heroic actions during the Battle of The actions of all four were later portrayed in the film "We Were Soldiers", based on Hal Moore's book on the battle. We Were Soldiers is a 2002 American War film that dramatized the Battle of Ia Drang in November 1965, the first major engagement Bruce Crandall's Distinguished Service Cross was later upgraded to the Medal of Honor, which was presented to him in February 2007.

Six Distinguished Service Crosses were awarded to Son Tay raiders, participants in the November 1971 attempt to rescue U. S. POWs in North Vietnam. Among the recipients were Special Forces soldiers Richard J. "Dick" Meadows, Arthur D. "Bull" Simons, and Elliot P. Major Richard J Meadows ( June 16, 1931 - July 29, 1995) was a U Colonel Arthur D "Bull" Simons (United States Army retired ( June 28 1918 - May 21 1979) was a United States Army "Bud" Sydnor, Jr.

1975 to present

Since Vietnam, as of May 2008, 13 Distinguished Service Crosses have been awarded — Three during Operation Enduring Freedom and ten in Operation Iraqi Freedom:

Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Fredom

Notable recipients

Revocation

In a number of cases, an award of the Distinguished Service Cross has later been revoked. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (Васи́лий Ива́нович Чуйко́в ( February 12 1900 - March 18 1982) was a Lieutenant general Mark Wayne Clark ( May 1, 1896 – April 17, 1984) was an American general during World War II and the Korean War Sergeant Major Daniel Joseph "Dan" Daly (November 11 1873 &ndash April 27 1937 was a United States Marine and one of only 19 men (and two Marines to receive "Wild Bill Donovan" redirects here For the Baseball Pitcher and manager see William Edward Donovan. Robert Lawrence Eichelberger ( 9 March 1886 &ndash 26 September 1961) was a General in the United States Army, who commanded Edward Canfield Fuller ( 4 September 1893 &ndash 12 June 1918) was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and the son of General James Maurice "Jumpin' Jim" Gavin (born as James Nally Ryan; March 22, 1907 - February 23, 1990) rose to the rank of Lieutenant General Hobart Raymond Gay ( May 16, 1894, Rockport Illinois - August 19, 1983, El Paso Texas) was David Haskell Hackworth ( November 11, 1930 &ndash May 4, 2005) known affectionately as " Hack " was a retired United Alexander Meigs Haig Jr (born December 2 1924 is a retired four-star General in the United States Army who served as the U Virginia Hall MBE DSC ( April 6, 1906 - July 14, 1982) was an American Spy during World The Office of Strategic Services ( OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. John Leonard Hines ( May 21, 1868 - October 13, 1968) was an American soldier who served as Chief of Staff of the U General Courtney Hicks Hodges ( January 5, 1887 &ndash January 16, 1966) was an American military officer, most Clarence Ralph Huebner ( November 24, 1888 &ndash September 23, 1972) was a Lieutenant General of the United States Army. General LeRoy P Hunt ( March 17, 1892 - February 8, 1968) was a United States Marine Corps general who commanded the 2nd Marine The United States Army Air Service was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. Charles L Kelly was a United States Army Helicopter pilot during The Vietnam War. George Churchill Kenney ( August 6, 1889 - August 9, 1977) was a United States Army Air Forces general during World War II The United States Army Air Service was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. Robert Charles Kingston ( July 16, 1928 - February 28, 2007) was an American General who served as the commander of Curtis Emerson LeMay (15 November 1906–3 October 1990 was a General in the United States Air Force and the vice presidential running mate of American Independent The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. General MacArthur redirects here for other meanings see General MacArthur (disambiguation. Peyton Conway March (born December 27, 1864 in Easton Pennsylvania - April 13, 1955) was an American soldier and Army Chief General Anthony Clement McAuliffe (July 2 1898 - August 11 1975 was the United States Army general who commanded the defending 101st Airborne troops during the Barry Richard McCaffrey (b November 17 1942, Ft Huachuca AZ) is a retired United States Army General. Colonel Louis Gonzaga Mendez Jr ( July 14 1915 &ndash September 19 2001) was a highly decorated United States Army officer of the For other people with the same name see Billy Mitchell (disambiguation. The United States Army Air Service was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. Henry A Mucci (1909&mdash April 20, 1997) was a United States Army colonel and Ranger. For the English author critic and professor see Kenneth Muir (scholar. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Also see Audie Murphy legacy. Audie Leon Murphy (June 20 1926 – May 28 For the 19th century Scottish jurist/politician see George Patton Lord Glenalmond. George Smith Patton (formerly George Patton IV) ( December 24, 1923 in Boston Massachusetts - June 27, 2004 in South Keith Payne, VC, OAM (born 30 August 1933) is an Australian hero of the Vietnam War. The Australian Army is Australia's military land force It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF along with the Royal Australian Navy and the John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB ( September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was an officer in the United States Army Harvey Possinger is one of the most highly decorated veterans of World War II. Lieutenant General Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller (June 26 1898 &ndash October 11 1971 was an officer in the United States Marine Corps and is the most Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8 1890 &ndash July 27 1973 was an American fighter ace in World War I and Medal of Honor recipient The United States Army Air Service was a forerunner of the United States Air Force. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. Matthew Bunker Ridgway ( March 3, 1895 &ndash July 26, 1993) was a United States Army General. Lieutenant General Keller Emrick Rockey (22 September 1888 &ndash 6 June 1970 commanded the Fifth Marine Division in the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II Theodore Roosevelt Jr or Theodore Roosevelt II (November 13 1887-July 12 1944 was an American political and business leader a Medal of Honor recipient who Andrew Summers Rowan ( April 23, 1857 - January 10, 1943) was an American Army officer who served as the Liaison General Alfredo M Santos was born on July 13 1905 and was Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in 1962 to 1965 making him the first four-star general General Lemuel Cornick Shepherd Jr (10 February 1896&ndash6 August 1990 was a general of the United States Marine Corps. Oliver Prince Smith (October 26 1893- December 25 1977 was a General in the United States Marine Corps and a highly decorated combat veteran of World War II General Joseph Warren Stilwell ( March 19, 1883 – October 12, 1946) was a United States Army four-star General General Maxwell Davenport Taylor ( August 26, 1901 &ndash April 19, 1987) was an American Soldier and Diplomat General Gerald Carthrae Thomas ( 29 October 1894 &ndash 7 April 1984) was a United States Marine Corps general with more 38 years of James Alward Van Fleet ( March 19, 1892 - September 23, 1992) was a U John Paul Vann ( July 2, 1924 – June 9, 1972) was a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army, later retired who Jesús Antonio Villamor was a Filipino pilot who fought the Japanese in World War II. Philippine Army Air Corps was created by the Philippine National Assembly 's National Defense Act of 1935. Walton Harris Walker ( December 3, 1889 &mdash December 23, 1950) was an American army officer and the first commander of the U Richard D Winters (born January 21 1918) is a former United States Army officer who commanded Company "E" of the 2nd Edward F Younger (died August 6, 1942) was the American United States Army Soldier selected to choose the body to be used as America's The Tomb of the Unknowns (also known as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, although it has never been officially named is a monument dedicated to American servicemen who have World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In most cases, this has been for one of three reasons: the award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor, duplicate awards had been made to the same recipient for the same action by two different headquarters, or the award had been revoked to allow republication with a new and revised award citation. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. Such revocations have occurred over the history of the decoration.

One of the earliest such cases involves one of the most famous American soldiers of World War I, Alvin York, who initially received a Distinguished Service Cross which was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. Alvin Cullum York (December 13 1887 &ndash September 2 1964 was a United States Soldier, famous as a World War I hero And as noted above under "Notable Recipients", top American World War I ace pilot Eddie Rickenbacker originally received eight DSCs, but one was upgraded in 1930 to the Medal of Honor. Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8 1890 &ndash July 27 1973 was an American fighter ace in World War I and Medal of Honor recipient The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. In 1980, Roy Benavidez, a U.S. Army Special Forces veteran, had his Vietnam-era DSC upgraded to the Medal of Honor, which was presented to him in a February 1981 White House ceremony. Roy Perez Benavidez ( August 5, 1935 &ndash November 29, 1998) was a member of the highly-classified Studies and Observations Group.

A number of DSC revocations and upgrades to the Medal of Honor were the result of reviews initiated by the Army or mandated by the United States Congress. In the early 1990s the Army began a review of discrimination against black soldiers in World War II, none of whom had received the Medal of Honor but several of whom had received lesser awards. Later, the Department of Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 provided for a "Review Regarding Upgrading of Distinguished-Service Crosses and Navy Crosses Awarded to Asian-Americans and Native American Pacific Islanders for World War II Service" and the National Defense Authorization Act for 2002 provided for a "Review Regarding Award of Medal of Honor to Certain Jewish American and Hispanic American War Veterans". [8] There is currenty a petition circulating to upgrade the Distinguished Service Cross of Major Richard Winters to a Medal of Honor. Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country Richard D Winters (born January 21 1918) is a former United States Army officer who commanded Company "E" of the 2nd The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government.

In January 1997, as a result of its review, the Army revoked six awards of the Distinguished Service Cross to black soldiers and upgraded them to the Medal of Honor. These were to Vernon Baker, Edward A. Carter, Jr., John R. Fox, Willy F. James, Jr., Charles L. Thomas and George Watson (U.S. Army). Vernon Joseph Baker (b December 17, 1919) is a United States Army Medal of Honor recipient for his actions on April 5-6 1945 near Viareggio Edward Allen Carter Jr (May 26 1916 &ndash January 30 1963 was United States Army Staff Sergeant who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic John Robert Fox ( May 18 1915 &ndash December 26 1944) was Killed in action when he deliberately called for artillery fire on his Willy F James Jr ( March 18, 1920 - April 8, 1945) was a United States Army private first class who was posthumously awarded Major Charles Leroy Thomas (April 17 1920-February 15 1980 was a United States Army officer who was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his actions while George Watson was a private in the United States Army who was Killed in action during World War II. [9]. In 2001, the Army officially revoked 21 awards of the Distinguished Service Cross and one of the Silver Star to Asian-American soldiers, mostly Japanese-American, whose awards were upgraded to the Medal of Honor. [10] Among those whose DSC was upgraded was U. S. Senator Daniel Inouye. is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Hawaii. Others include Francis B. Wai and Rudolph B. Davila. Francis Brown Wai (April 14 1917 - October 20 1944 was a captain in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for actions during the recapture Rudolph B Davila ( April 27, 1916 - January 26, 2002) born in El Paso, Texas, was a United States Army officer

Jon E. Swanson, posthumously awarded a DSC in 1972, had this revoked in November 2005 (Department of the Army General Order No. Jon Edward Swanson (May 1 1942&ndashFebruary 26 1971 was a United States Army Helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War. 9 of 2005), after his DSC was upgraded to the Medal of Honor in December 2002 (Department of the Army General Order No. 14 of 2002). Another Vietnam War helicopter pilot, Bruce P. Crandall, was awarded the DSC in June 2001 (General Order No. Bruce P Crandall (born 1933 is a retired US Army officer who was awarded the Medal of Honor on 26 February 2007 for his heroic actions during the Battle of 25 of 2001). This award was rescinded in November 2005 when a new citation was issued (General Order No. 9 of 2005), but the DSC itself was later upgraded to the Medal of Honor, which was presented in February 2007 (the DSC was revoked in General Order No. 3 of 2007).

Legal

Any false verbal, written or physical claim to an award or decoration authorized for wear by authorized military members or veterans is a federal felony offense punishable by up to a year in jail and up to a $5000 fine.

See also

References

  1. ^ The Army Reserve in the Korean War
  2. ^ President awards medals for valor. Awards and decorations of the United States military are Military decorations which recognize service and personal accomplishments while a member of the United States armed Awards and decorations of the United States Army are those military decorations which are issued to members of the United States Army under the authority of This is a list of military decorations, by country in alphabetical order and in order of precedence FayObserver. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
  3. ^ MAJ Mark E. Mitchell, Distinguished Service Cross. Project Hero. Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  4. ^ Leipold, J. D. (November 2, 2007). Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Lieutenant Awarded Distinguished Service Cross. army. mil/news. Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  5. ^ Leipold, J. D. (November 2, 2007). Soldier Receives Distinguished Service Cross (photo). ARNEWS. Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
  6. ^ President awards medals for valor. FayObserver. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
  7. ^ President awards medals for valor. FayObserver. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
  8. ^ US CODE: Title 10,3741. Medal of honor: award
  9. ^ http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/go9709.pdf
  10. ^ http://www.army.mil/usapa/epubs/pdf/go0124.pdf

External links

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