| Kongeriget Danmark Kingdom of Denmark | ||||||
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| Motto: none (Royal motto: Guds hjælp, Folkets kærlighed, Danmarks styrke "The Help of God, the Love of the People, the Strength of Denmark") | ||||||
| Anthem: Der er et yndigt land (national) Royal anthem: Kong Christian (royal) | ||||||
 Location of Denmark (orange) – on the European continent (camel & white) | ||||||
| Capital (and largest city) | Copenhagen | |||||
| Official languages | Danish1 | |||||
| Demonym | Danish | |||||
| Government | Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy | |||||
| - | Monarch(s) | Margrethe II | ||||
| - | Prime Minister | Anders Fogh Rasmussen | ||||
| Consolidation | (prehistoric) | |||||
| EU accession | 1 January 1973 (7th) | |||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 43,094 km² (134th²) 16,639² sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 1. The national flag of Denmark, Dannebrog, is red with a white Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag the vertical part of the The National Coat of Arms of Denmark consists of three crowned blue lions accompanied by nine red hearts all in a golden shield A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The use of a royal motto ( Danish: valgsprog) is an old tradition among Danish monarchs dating back at least 500 years A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "Der er et yndigt land" ("There is a Lovely Country" is the (civil National anthem of Denmark. A royal anthem is a patriotic song much like a National anthem but specifically praising or praying for a Monarch or royal dynasty The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in A majority of Danes today trace their heritage to Germanic tribes who have inhabited Denmark since prehistoric times Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is This is a list of Danish Monarchs, that is the Kings and Queens regnant of Denmark. Early life Princess Margrethe was born, to Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Ingrid. The Prime Minister of Denmark (statsminister is the Head of government in Danish politics. Anders Fogh Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs foˀ ˈʀɑsmusn̩, informally known as Anders Fogh ( ˈfoːˀ ⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs ˈfɔʊ̯ˀ or simply Fogh, (born January The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in A Member State of the European Union is any one of the twenty-seven sovereign Nation states that have acceded the European Union (EU since its De facto New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" 6² | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2008 estimate | 5,475,791 (108th) | ||||
| - | Density | 129. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 16/km² (78th²) 334. List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² 53/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2006 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $198. The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 5 billion (45th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $37,000 (6th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2006 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $256. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita 3 billion (27th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $46,600 (6th) | ||||
| Gini (1997) | 24. PLEASE NO RANDOM FIGURES THERE ARE NO FIGURES BASED ON NATIONAL STATISTICS IN THIS ARTICLE Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product Per capita at Nominal values, the The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth 7 (low) (1st) | |||||
| HDI (2004) | ▲ 0. This is a list of countries or dependencies by Income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients according to the United Nations (UN and the The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 943 (high) (14th) | |||||
| Currency | Danish krone (DKK) | |||||
| Time zone | CET² (UTC+1) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | CEST² (UTC+2) | ||||
| Internet TLD | .dk2,3 | |||||
| Calling code | +454 | |||||
| 1 Co-official with Greenlandic in Greenland, and Faroese in the Faroe Islands. This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The krone ( sign: kr; code: DKK) is the Currency of Denmark, including the autonomous provinces of Greenland ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the Faroese ( føroyskt ˈføːɹɪst or) often also spelled Faeroese (cf The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse German is recognised as a protected minority language in the South Jutland (Sønderjylland) area of Denmark. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Danish is recognized as a protected minority language in the Schleswig-Holstein region of Germany. is the northernmost of the 16 ''Bundesländer'' in Germany. The former English name was Sleswick-Holsatia the Danish name is Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ² For Denmark excluding the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the ³ The TLD .eu is shared with other European Union countries. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in 4 The Faroe Islands use +298 and Greenland uses +299. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the | ||||||
The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark (help·info), IPA: [ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊], (archaic:) IPA: [ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊]), commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe. Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries. The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, The mainland is bordered to the south by Germany; Denmark is southwest of Sweden and south of Norway. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Denmark borders both the Baltic and the North Sea. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably Zealand (Sjælland), Funen (Fyn), Vendsyssel-Thy, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago. This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. Zealand (also Sealand Danish: Sjælland;) is the largest Island (7031 km² of Denmark (excluding Greenland Funen ( Danish: Fyn; ˈfyːˀn with a size of 2984 km² (1152 sq The North Jutlandic Island Lolland (formerly spelled Lohland) is the fourth largest Island of Denmark, with an area of some 1243 Square kilometers (480 sq Falster is a Danish island The area of the island is 514 km² (198 sq Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian Denmark has long controlled the approach to the Baltic Sea, and these waters are also known as the Danish straits. The Danish straits are the three channels connecting the Baltic sea to the North Sea through the Kattegat and Skagerrak. The Faroe Islands and Greenland are autonomous provinces of Denmark with home rule. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the Home rule refers to a demand that constituent parts of a state be given greater self-government within the greater administrative purview of the central government
Denmark is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which Denmark has a state-level government and local governments in 98 municipalities. Legal foundation of municipalities The Constitution of Denmark states "Article 82 Denmark is a member of NATO and the European Union, having joined the European Economic Community in 1973. The North Atlantic Treaty The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992 Denmark has not joined the Eurozone. Euro Enlargement of the
Originally a seafaring nation relying on fishing, farming and trade, Denmark experienced steady industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries. Denmark had the world's 3rd highest GDP per capita in 1970. Between 1970 and 1990 tax burden and regulation increased dramatically as Denmark adopted the Nordic model welfare state. The Nordic model refers to the economic and Social models of the Nordic countries ( Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway) This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. After falling sharply behind in prosperity, unemployment and other indicators, Denmark took steps in economic liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s, including abolishing almost all job market regulation. Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning of the Market and dynamics for labour. Despite a heavy tax burden, the economy is otherwise quite free and Index of Economic Freedom ranks Denmark the world's 11th most free country (4th in Europe). The Index of Economic Freedom is a series of 10 economic measurements created by the Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation to measure the degree of Economic freedom
In 2006 and 2007, surveys[1] ranked Denmark as "the happiest place in the world," based on standards of health, welfare, and education. The national capital and the largest city, Copenhagen, was ranked the third most liveable city in the world by Monocle magazine in 2007. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city [2] The national language Danish is close to Swedish and there are strong links with Sweden. Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the 83. 0% of Danes are members of the Lutheran state church. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther About 9% of residents are citizens of other countries.
Contents |
Etymology
The etymology of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unifying of Denmark as a single Kingdom is a subject that attracts some debate. [3][4] The debate is centered primarily around the prefix 'Dan' and whether it refer to the Dani or a historical person Dan and the exact meaning of the -mark ending. The issue is further complicated by a number of references to various Dani people in Scandinavian or other places in Europe in ancient Greek and Roman accounts (like Ptolemy, Jordanes and Gregory of Tours), as well as some medieval literature (like Adam of Bremen, Beowulf, Widsith and Poetic Edda). Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca Jordanes (also Jordanis or even Iornandes) was a 6th century Roman Bureaucrat, who turned his hand to History later in life Saint Gregory of Tours ( November 30, c 538 &ndash November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and bishop of Tours Adam of Bremen (also Adam Bremensis) was one of the most important German Medieval Chroniclers He lived and worked in the second half of the Beowulf is an Old English Heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between Widsith is an Old English poem of 144 lines that appears to date from the 9th century drawing on earlier Oral traditions of Anglo-Saxon tale singing The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems primarily preserved in the Icelandic mediaeval Manuscript Codex Regius.
Most handbooks derive[5] the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning "flat land", related to German Tenne "threshing floor", English den "cave", Sanskrit dhánuṣ- "desert". The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical The -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland (see marches), with probable references to the border forests in south Schleswig,[6] maybe similar to Finnmark, Telemark or Dithmarschen. Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" or Finnmárku ( Sami language) is a county in the extreme northeast of Norway. is a county in Norway, bordering Vestfold, Buskerud, Hordaland, Rogaland and Aust-Agder. Dithmarschen (ˈdɪtmaʁʃən is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. [7]
Mythological explanations
Some of the earliest descriptions of the origin of the word 'Denmark', describing a territory, are found in the Chronicon Lethrense (12th century), Svend Aagesen (late 12th century), Saxo Grammaticus (early 13th century) and the Ballad of Eric (mid 15th century). Chronicon Lethrense ( Danish: Lejrekrøniken English: Chronicle of Lejre /Leire) is a small Danish medieval work from the Svend Aagesen (or "Sven" also known as Aggessøn, Aggesøn or Aggesen; the most correct name is probably Sven Aggesen, in Latin "Saxo" redirects here For the car see Citroën Saxo and for the bank see Saxo Bank Saxo Grammaticus (c The Ballad of Eric (Swedish Eriksvisan) was once seen as a valuable source for Migration period history but is now regarded as Fakelore. There are however many more Danish annals and yearbooks containing various other details, similar tales in other variations, other names or spelling variations, and so on.
The Chronicon Lethrense explains that when the Roman Emperor Augustus went against Denmark in the time of David, Denmark consisted of the territory Jutland, Funen, Zealand, Møn, Falster, Lolland and Skåne, but was not called Denmark (Dania) because they were governed by the Swedish king Ypper. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. Funen ( Danish: Fyn; ˈfyːˀn with a size of 2984 km² (1152 sq Zealand (also Sealand Danish: Sjælland;) is the largest Island (7031 km² of Denmark (excluding Greenland Mön redirects here Mön is also the Icelandic name for the Isle of Man, q Falster is a Danish island The area of the island is 514 km² (198 sq Lolland (formerly spelled Lohland) is the fourth largest Island of Denmark, with an area of some 1243 Square kilometers (480 sq Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. [8] He had three sons, Nori, Østen and Dan. Dan is the name of one or more legendary kings of the Danes in medieval Scandinavian texts Dan was sent to govern Zealand, Møn, Falster and Lolland, which became known jointly as Videslev. When the Jutes were fighting Emperor Augustus they called upon Dan to help and upon victory made him king of Jutland, Fuen, Videslev and Skåne. The Jutes, Iuti, or Iutae were a Germanic people who according to Bede were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of the time After a council about what to call this new united land, they named it Denmark (Dania) after the new king, Dan. Saxo relates that the legendary Danish King Dan, son of Humbli, gave the name to the Danish people, though he does not expressly state that he also is the origin of the word "Denmark". Dan I was the progenitor of the Danish royal house according to Saxo Grammaticus 's Gesta Danorum. Rather he tells that England ultimately derives its name from Dan’s brother Angle. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in As a side note, however, Saxo also tells that the Norman historian Dudo of Saint-Quentin had already written that the Danish people and Denmark derived their name from the Dacian people of modern day Romania and northern Bulgaria. Dudo, or Dudon was a Norman Historian, and dean of Saint-Quentin, where he was born about 965 The Dacians ( Lat Daci, Gr Dákai) were a Thracian people the ancient inhabitants of Dacia (located in the area Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian From Dudo we hear that Rollo was expelled from Dacia and went to Scania with six boats. Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c 860 - c 932 was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " In the Ballad of Eric we hear that the Gothic king Humli set his son Dan to rule the settlers of a territory called Vetala, and after Dan, Vetala was named Denmark.
Earliest occurrences
The earliest mention of a territory called "Denmark" is found in King Alfred the Great's modified translation into Old English of Paulus Orosius' Seven Books of History Against The Pagans ["Historiarum adversum Paganos Libri Septem"], written by Alfred when king of Wessex in the years 871-899. Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c Paulus Orosius (b circa 375 d 418? was a Christian Historian, theologian and disciple of St West Saxon redirects here For other meanings of Wessex or West Saxon see Wessex (disambiguation. In a passage introduced to the text by Alfred, we read about Ohthere from Hålogaland’s travels in the Nordic region, during which 'Denmark [Denamearc] was on his [port side]. Port is the nautical term (used on Boats and Ships) that refers to the left side of a ship as perceived by a person on board the ship and . . And then for two days he had on his [port side] the islands which belong to Denmark'. [9]
The earliest mention of the word "Denmark" within Denmark itself is found on the two rune stones at Jelling, believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old (c. Jelling is a village situated in Vejle municipality, Denmark on the Jutland Peninsula. Gorm the Old (Gorm den Gamle Gormr gamli) also called Gorm the Sleepy (Gorm Løge dvaske was King of Denmark from c 955) and Harald Bluetooth (c. Harald Bluetooth Gormson (Harald Blåtand Haraldr blátönn, Harald Blåtann was born around 935 the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra (also 965). The larger stone of the two is often cited as Denmark's birth certificate, though both use the word "Denmark", in the form of (acc.) tanmaurk [ˈdanmɒrk] (large Jelling stone) and (gen.) tanmarkaR [ˈdanmarkaɽ] (small Jelling stone). The accusative case ( abbreviated ACC) of a Noun is the Grammatical case used to mark the Direct object of a Transitive The Jelling stones are massive carved Runestones from the 10th century, found at the town of Jelling in Denmark. In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another The Jelling stones are massive carved Runestones from the 10th century, found at the town of Jelling in Denmark. [10] The inhabitants of Denmark are there called tani [ˈdanɪ] ("Danes" in the acc.). The accusative case ( abbreviated ACC) of a Noun is the Grammatical case used to mark the Direct object of a Transitive
In the Song of Roland, estimated to have been written between 1040 and 1115, though the oldest manuscript dates to 1140-1170, the first mention of the legendary Danish hero Holger Danske appears, who is specifically mentioned, several times, as "Holger of Denmark" (Oger de Denemarche)
History
The earliest archaeological findings in Denmark date back to 130,000 – 110,000 BC in the Eem interglacial period. The Gundestrup cauldron is a richly-decorated silver vessel thought to date from the La Tène Period in the first century to second century BC Archaeology of Denmark The first submerged settlement excavated in Denmark was the Tybrind Vig site The Eem (formerly the Amer) is a River in north Utrecht Province in the Netherlands with a length of approximately. [11] People have inhabited Denmark since about 12,500 BC and agriculture has been in evidence since 3,900 BC. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture [12] The Nordic Bronze Age (1,800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by burial mounds, which left an abundance of findings including lurs and the Sun Chariot. The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age) is the name given by Oscar Montelius to a period and a Bronze Age culture in Scandinavian A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves Lur is a name given to two distinct types of wind Musical instrument. The Trundholm sun chariot ( Danish: Solvognen) is a late Nordic Bronze Age artifact discovered in Denmark, that has been interpreted as a depiction During the Pre-Roman Iron Age (500 BC – AD 1), native groups began migrating south, although[12] the first Danish people came to the country between the Pre-Roman and the Germanic Iron Age,[13] in the Roman Iron Age (AD 1–400). The Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe ( 5th / 4th century BC - 1st century BC) designates the earliest part of the Iron Age in Scandinavia The Germanic Iron Age is the name given to the period AD 400 –A The Roman Iron Age ( 1 - 400) is the name that Swedish Archaeologist Oscar Montelius gave to a part of the Iron Age in The Roman provinces maintained trade routes and relations with native tribes in Denmark and Roman coins have been found in Denmark. In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Evidence of strong Celtic cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of northwest Europe and is among other things reflected in the finding of the Gundestrup cauldron. The Gundestrup cauldron is a richly-decorated silver vessel thought to date from the La Tène Period in the first century to second century BC Historians believe that before the arrival of the precursors to the Danes, who came from the east Danish islands (Zealand) and Skåne and spoke an early form of north Germanic, most of Jutland and some islands were settled by Jutes. Zealand (also Sealand Danish: Sjælland;) is the largest Island (7031 km² of Denmark (excluding Greenland Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( The North Germanic languages or Scandinavian languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. The Jutes, Iuti, or Iutae were a Germanic people who according to Bede were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of the time They were later invited to Great Britain as mercenaries by Brythonic king Vortigern, and were granted the south-eastern territories of Kent, the Isle of Wight, among other areas, where they settled. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages or British languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family the other being Vortigern (ˈvɔrtɨɡɝːn also spelled Vortiger and Vortigen and in Welsh Gwrtheyrn was a 5th century warlord in Britain, a leading ruler among KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the They were later absorbed or ethnically cleansed by the invading Angles and Saxons, who formed the Anglo-Saxons. The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south [14] The remaining population in Jutland assimilated in with the Danes, due territorial expansions from the south and the east, and the Jutes being initially weakened after their emigrations. This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants The Migration Period, also called Barbarian Invasions, or sometimes Völkerwanderung ( German for "wandering of peoples" is the English name
The exact origins of the Danish nation have been lost in history. However, a short note[15] about the Dani in "The Origin and Deeds of the Goths" from 551 by historian Jordanes is believed by some to be an early mention of the Danes,[16] one of the ethnic groups from whom the modern Danish people are descended. De origine actibusque Getarum (lit The Origin and Deeds of the Getae but referring to the Goths whom Jordanes considered Getae or the Getica Jordanes (also Jordanis or even Iornandes) was a 6th century Roman Bureaucrat, who turned his hand to History later in life The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants The Danevirke defense structures were built in phases from the 3rd century forward,[17] and the sheer size of the construction efforts in 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king. The Dannevirke (in Old Norse Danavirki; in German Danewerk &ndash all meaning "Danish creation" or "Danes' work" is a [17] The new runic alphabet was first used at the same time and Ribe, the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about 700 AD. The Younger Futhark, also called the Scandinavian runes, is a Runic alphabet, a reduced form of the Elder Futhark, consisting of only 16 characters in This article is about the town of Ribe in Denmark. For other uses see Ribe (disambiguation.
Viking age
During the 8th-11th centuries, the Danes were known as Vikings, together with Norwegians and Swedish Geats. Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 700 to 1066 in European history. The Ladby ship is a major Ship burial, of the type also represented by the boat chamber grave of Hedeby and the ship burials of Oseberg, Borre The term Dane may refer to People with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity whether living in Denmark, emigrants or the descendants of emigrants A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Norwegians See also History of Norway and Demography of Norway. Geats, Geatas, Gautar, Goths, Gotar, Gøtar, Götar were a North Germanic tribe inhabiting Götaland Viking explorers first discovered and settled Iceland in the 9th century, on their way toward the Faroe Islands. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse From there, Greenland and Vinland (Newfoundland) were also settled. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the Vinland was the name given to an area of North America by the Norseman Leifr Eiríksson, about the year A Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Utilizing their great skills in shipbuilding they raided and conquered parts of France and the British Isles. But they also excelled in trading along the coasts and rivers of Europe, running trade routes from Greenland in the north to Constantinople in the south via Russian rivers. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The Danish Vikings were most active in the British Isles and Western Europe, and they raided, conquered and settled parts of England (their earliest settlements included sites in the Danelaw, Ireland, and Normandy). The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy.
In the early 8th century, Charlemagne's Christian empire had expanded to the southern border of the Danes, and Frankish sources (F. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his ex. Notker of St Gall) provide the earliest historical evidence of the Danes. Notker the Stammerer ( Notker Balbulus) also called Notker the Poet or Notker of Saint Gall ( c These report a King Gudfred, who appeared in present day Holstein with a navy in 804 AD where diplomacy took place with the Franks; In 808, the same King Gudfred attacked the Obotrite, a Wend people and conquered the city of Reric whose population was displaced or abducted, to Hedeby; In 809, King Godfred and emissaries of Charlemagne failed to negotiate peace and the next year, 810, King Godfred attacked the Frisians with 200 ships. King Godfred (ruled 804 - 810 was a Danish Viking king the younger son of King Sigfred. Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) King Godfred (ruled 804 - 810 was a Danish Viking king the younger son of King Sigfred. The Obotrites (Abodriten also commonly known as the Obodrites, Abotrites, or Abodrites, were a confederation of medieval West Slavic tribes WEND-FM (1065 FM) known as "1065 The End" is a Modern rock Radio station based in Charlotte North Carolina. Reric (also Rerik) was an early medieval Obotrite trading settlement probably on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Hedeby (ˡheðəby Old Norse Heiðabýr, of heiðr = heathland and býr = yard thus "heath yard" sometimes known The Frisians are an ethnic group of Germanic people living in coastal parts of The Netherlands and Germany. The oldest parts of the defensive works of Danevirke near Hedeby at least date from the summer of 755 and were expanded with large works in the 10th century. The Dannevirke (in Old Norse Danavirki; in German Danewerk &ndash all meaning "Danish creation" or "Danes' work" is a Hedeby (ˡheðəby Old Norse Heiðabýr, of heiðr = heathland and býr = yard thus "heath yard" sometimes known The size and amount of troops needed to man it indicates a quite powerful ruler in the area, which might be consistent with the kings the Frankish sources. In 815 AD, Emperor Louis the Pious attacked Jutland apparently in support of a contender to the throne, perhaps Harald Klak, but was turned back by the sons of Godfred, who likely were the sons of the above mentioned Godfred. Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. Harald 'Klak' Halfdansson (born probably c 785 - died after 829 probably murdered in 852 was a king in Jutland (and possibly other parts of Denmark) around 812&ndash814 At the same time Saint Ansgar traveled to Hedeby and started the Catholic Christianization of Scandinavia. Saint Ansgar, Anskar or Oscar, ( September 8 ? 801 &ndash February 3, 865) was an Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen. Hedeby (ˡheðəby Old Norse Heiðabýr, of heiðr = heathland and býr = yard thus "heath yard" sometimes known The Christianization of Scandinavia refers to the process of conversion to Christianity of the Scandinavian people starting in the 8th century with
The Danes were united and officially Christianized in 965 AD by Harald Blåtand, the story of which is recorded on the Jelling stones. The Dannevirke (in Old Norse Danavirki; in German Danewerk &ndash all meaning "Danish creation" or "Danes' work" is a Hærvejen ( Danish, literally the army road, German: Ochsenweg, literally oxroad) is the name given to an Ancient trackway Harald Bluetooth Gormson (Harald Blåtand Haraldr blátönn, Harald Blåtann was born around 935 the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra (also The Jelling stones are massive carved Runestones from the 10th century, found at the town of Jelling in Denmark. The exact extent of Harald's Danish Kingdom is unknown, although it's reasonable to believe that it stretched from the defensive line of Dannevirke, including the Viking city of Hedeby, across Jutland, the Danish isles and into southern present day Sweden; Scania and perhaps Halland and Blekinge. Hedeby (ˡheðəby Old Norse Heiðabýr, of heiðr = heathland and býr = yard thus "heath yard" sometimes known Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( is one of the traditional Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish on the western coast of Sweden. is a one of the Provinces of Sweden ( landskap) situated in the south of the country Further more the Jelling stones attests that Harald had also "won" Norway. The son of Harald, Sweyn Forkbeard mounted a series of wars of conquest against England, which was completed by Svend's son Canute the Great by the middle of the 11th century. Sweyn I Forkbeard, in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in English Sven the Dane, also known as Swegen and Tuck, ( Old Norse } Canute the Great, also known as Cnut in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, or Knut ( Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki, Norwegian The reign of Canute the Great (Danish:Knud) represented the peak of the Danish Viking age. } Canute the Great, also known as Cnut in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles, or Knut ( Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki, Norwegian King Knud's North Sea Empire included Denmark (1018), Norway (1028), England (1035) and held strong influence over the north-eastern coast of Germany.
Following the death of Canute the Great Denmark and England was divided. Sweyn Estridsen's son, Canute II and IV, depending on whose royal line is being figured, raided England for the last time in 1075. He planned another invasion to take the throne of England from an aging William I. He called up a fleet of 1000 Danish ships, 60 Norwegian long boats, with plans to meet with another 600 ships under Duke Robert of Flanders in the summer of 1086. Canute, however, was beginning to realize that the imposition of the tithe on Danish peasants and nobles to fund the expansion of monasteries and churches and a new head tax (Danish:nefgjald) had brought his people to the verge of rebellion. Canute took weeks to arrive at Struer where the fleet had aseembled, but he found only the Norwegians still there. The Danes had waited so long for the king that they began to starve and sailed home in disgust.
Canute thanked the Norwegians for their patience and then went from assembly to assembly (Danish:landsting) outlawing any sailor, captain, or soldier who refused to pay a fine which amounted to more than a years harvest for most farmers. When the king refused to back down, the peasants in Vendsyssel went on a rampage burning royal properties and murdering the hated tax collectors. Canute and his housecarls fled south with a growing army of rebels on his heels. Canute fled to the royal property outside the town of Odense on Funen with his two brothers. The peasants on funen weren't any happier with Canute than anyone else and charged after the king. Canute and his brother, Prince Benedict, fled to St Albans Priory for sanctuary. Canute took communion realizing his days were numbered. After several attempts to break in and then bloody hand to hand fighting in the church, Benedict was cut down and Canute struck in the head by a large stone and then speared from the front. He died at the base of the main altar 10 July 1086. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. And there the Benedictines buried him.
When Queen Edele came to take Canute's body to Flanders, a wonderful light shone around the church and it was taken as a sign that Canute should remain where he was. People flocked to his grave when it was reported that the blind had received their sight, the lame walked, and deaf heard. His brother Olaf, who succeeded Canute, had a short reign and Denmark was plagued with famine so often that Olaf will forever be known as Olaf Hunger. Canute was canonized in 1101, and St Canute's Cathedral became one of Scandinavia's most popular pilgrimage sites in the Middle Ages.
The death of St Canute marks the end of the great Viking Age. Never again would massive flotillas of Scandinavians meet each year to ravage the rest of Christian Europe. Denmark was thoroughly Christian, though for generations Danes quietly held onto old customs that are vague reminders of pre-Christian times.
Medieval Denmark
From the Viking age towards the end of the 13th century, the kingdom of Denmark consisted of Jutland, north from the Eider River and the islands of Zealand, Funen, Bornholm, Skåne, Halland and Blekinge. This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. The Eider ( German: Eider; Danish: Ejderen; Latin: Egdor or Egdore) is the longest river of the German Zealand (also Sealand Danish: Sjælland;) is the largest Island (7031 km² of Denmark (excluding Greenland Funen ( Danish: Fyn; ˈfyːˀn with a size of 2984 km² (1152 sq Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( is one of the traditional Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish on the western coast of Sweden. is a one of the Provinces of Sweden ( landskap) situated in the south of the country From the end of the 13th century the lands between the Eider River and the river Kongeåen were separated from the kingdom as two vassal duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. The Eider ( German: Eider; Danish: Ejderen; Latin: Egdor or Egdore) is the longest river of the German The river Kongeå (in German Königs Au) defines the border between North and South Jutland in Jutland in Denmark. A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess. Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) In 1658 Skåne, Halland and Blekinge were ceded to Sweden. Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( is one of the traditional Provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish on the western coast of Sweden. is a one of the Provinces of Sweden ( landskap) situated in the south of the country
Following the end of the 11th century, Denmark underwent a transition from a patchwork of regional chiefs (Danish:jarls) with a weak and semi-elected royal institution, into a realm which more reflected European feudalism, with a powerful king ruling through an influential nobility. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The period is marked by internal strife and the generally weak geopolitical position of the realm, which for long stretches fell under German influence. The period also featured the first of large stone buildings (mostly churches), a deep penetration by the Christian faith, the appearance of monastic orders in Denmark and the first written historical works such as the Gesta Danorum ("Deeds of the Danes"). Gesta Danorum ("Deeds of the Danes" is a work of Danish history by the 12th century author Saxo Grammaticus ("Saxo the Literate" German political as well as religious influence firmly ended in the last decades of the 12th century under the rule of King Valdemar the Great and his foster brother Absalon Hvide, Archbishop of Lund; through successful wars against Wend peoples of northeast Germany and the German Empire. Valdemar I of Denmark ( 14 January 1131 - 12 May 1182) also known as Valdemar the Great, was King of Denmark from Absalon (c 1128 &ndash March 21, 1201) was a Danish Archbishop and statesman (lɵnd is a city in the province of Scania, southern Sweden. The town has 76188 inhabitants out of a muncipal total of 105000 WEND-FM (1065 FM) known as "1065 The End" is a Modern rock Radio station based in Charlotte North Carolina. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification
A high point was reached during the reign of Valdemar II, who led the formation of a Danish "Baltic Sea Empire", which by 1221 extended control from Estonia in the east to Norway in the north. Roskilde Cathedral (Roskilde Domkirke in the city of Roskilde on the Island of Zealand ( Sjælland) in eastern Denmark, was the first "Valdemar the Victorious" redirects here For the novel by Bernhard Severin Ingemann, see Valdemar the Victorious (novel. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional In this period several of the "regional" law codes were given; notably the Code of Jutland from 1241, which asserted several modern concepts like right of property; "that the king cannot rule without and beyond the law"; "and that all men are equal to the law". Codex Holmiensis is the Manuscript of the Danish Code of Jutland, codified under Valdemar II of Denmark. Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over Property, which may be an object, land/real estate, Intellectual property Following the death of Valdemar II in 1241 and to the ascension of Valdemar IV in 1340, the kingdom was in general decline due to internal strife and the rise of the Hanseatic League. "Valdemar the Victorious" redirects here For the novel by Bernhard Severin Ingemann, see Valdemar the Victorious (novel. Valdemar Atterdag (c 1320 &ndash October 24, 1375) was a King of Denmark (1340 - 1375 The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade The competition between the sons of Valdemar II, had the longterm result that the southern parts of Jutland were separated from the kingdom of Denmark and became semi-independent vassal duchies/counties. "Valdemar the Victorious" redirects here For the novel by Bernhard Severin Ingemann, see Valdemar the Victorious (novel.
During the reign of Valdemar IV and his daughter Margrethe I, the realm was re-invigorated and following the Battle of Falköping, Margrethe I had her sister's son, Eric of Pomerania crowned King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden after the signing of the union charter of Kalmar (The Kalmar Union), Trinity Sunday 1397. Valdemar Atterdag (c 1320 &ndash October 24, 1375) was a King of Denmark (1340 - 1375 Margaret Valdemarsdatter (Margrete Valdemarsdotter ( 1353 - October 28 1412) was Queen of Denmark and of Norway and Regent of Eric of Pomerania or Erik of Pomerania (1381 or 1382 &ndash 3 May 1459) was King of Norway (1389–1442 elected King of The Kalmar Union ( Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: Kalmarunionen) is a historiographical term meaning a series of Personal Much of the next 125 years of Scandinavian history revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly. The issue was for practical purposes resolved on the 17 June 1523 as Swedish King Gustav Vasa conquered the city of Stockholm. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September Denmark and Norway remained in a personal union until the Congress of Vienna, 1814. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich
The Protestant Reformation came to Scandinavia in 1520s. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time On Easter Sunday 1525 Hans Tausen, a monk in the Order of St John's Hospitalers, proclaimed aloud the need for Luther's reforms in the Catholic Church. His sermon was the beginning of a ten year struggle which would change Denmark forever. Tausen was hustled off to a monastery in Viborg in northern Jutland where he would be isolated and away from Copenhagen and the court. Tausen simply preached through the window of his locked chamber. At first curious Danes came to hear the strange new ideas that Tausen was preaching. Within weeks Tausen was freed by his loyal followers and then a Franciscan abbey church was broken open so Viborgers could hear God's word under a roof. Luther's ideas were accepted so rapidly that the local bishop and other churchmen in Viborg were unable to cope. In many churches the mass was celebrated alongside Lutheran sermons and then Tausen's version of Luther's teachings began to spread to other parts of Jutland. Within a year Tausen was the personal chaplain of King Frederik I. Frederick I (Fredrik I ( 23 April 1676 – 25 March 1751) was King of Sweden from 1720 and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel Frederik tried to balance the old and new ideas insisting that they coexist; it lasted only as long as Frederik did.
A mob stormed Our Lady Church in Copenhagen in 1531 tearing down statues, destroying side altars, artwork, and relics that had accumulated through its long history. Similar events happened through the country, although for the most part the change was peaceful. The majority of common people saw the reduced influence and wealth of the church as a liberating thing, but their new found influence wasn't to last long.
At the death of Frederick I two claimants to the throne, one backed by Protestant Lũbeck and the other by Catholic nobles caused a civil war known as the Count's Feud (Danish:Grevens Fejde]]. The Count's Feud (Grevens Fejde also called the Count's War, was a Civil war that raged in Denmark in 1534&ndash1536 and brought about the Reformation The massacre of Skipper Clement's peasant army at Aalborg brought an end of the war with the pro-Lutheran party firmly in charge. Skipper Clement (Klemen Andersen ( c 1484 - September 9 1536) was a Danish Privateer and Peasant rebel, known for his Denmark became officially Lutheran in 1536. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Denmark's Catholic bishops were arrested and imprisoned. Abbeys, nunneries, monasteries and other church properties were confiscated by local nobility and the crown. Monks, nuns, and clergy lost their livelihood. The bishops who agreed to marry and not stir up trouble were given former church lands as personal estates. Catholic influence remained longest in northern Jutland, where change permeated slowly. The Reformation in Denmark helped prepare the people and institutions for the Age of Enlightenment which was soon to follow.
Modern history
King Christian IV attacked Sweden in the 1611–13 Kalmar War but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing Sweden to return to the union with Denmark. Christian IV ( 12 April, 1577 &ndash 28 February, 1648) was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1588 until his death The Kalmar War (1611&ndash1613 was a war between Denmark–Norway and Sweden. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a war indemnity of 1 million silver riksdaler to Denmark, an amount known as the Älvsborg ransom. War reparations refer to the monetary compensation intended to cover damage or injury during a war Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen The riksdaler was the name of a Swedish coin first minted in 1604 [18] King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably Glückstadt (founded as a rival to Hamburg), Christiania (following a fire destroying the original city), Christianshavn, Christianstad, and Christiansand. Glückstadt, a town of Germany in Schleswig-Holstein, on the right bank of the Elbe river at the confluence of the small river Rhin and 28 miles Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Christianshavn is one of the 15 administrative statistical and tax city districts ( bydele) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen, Denmark. Kristianstad kri'ɧansta (older spelling Christianstad) is a city in the province of Scania in southernmost Sweden and (formerly "Christianssand" is a city and municipality, and the capital of the county of Vest-Agder, Norway and of the geographical Christian also constructed a number of buildings, most notably Børsen, Rundetårn, Nyboder, Rosenborg, a silver mine and a copper mill. Børsen ( The Stock Exchange) is a building on the island Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen built by Christian IV in 1619 - 1640 Rundetårn (former spelling Rundetaarn, lit '' Round Tower) is a 17th century Tower located in Copenhagen, Denmark Nyboder is situated close to the train station Østerport in the Østerbro District of Copenhagen, Denmark. Rosenborg Castle is a small castle situated at the centre of the Danish capital Copenhagen. This article is about the Norwegian town For the industrial corporation named Kongsberg see Kongsberg Gruppen (with links to subsidiary firms. Kupfermühle ( Danish: Kobbermølle, both names meaning "copper mill" is a village located north of Flensburg in Schleswig-Holstein Inspired by the Dutch East India Company, he founded a similar Danish company and planned to claim Sri Lanka as a colony but the company only managed to acquire Tranquebar on India's Coromandel Coast. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian The Danish East India Company (Dansk Østindisk Kompagni was a Danish Chartered company. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tharangambadi (or Tranquebar) is a Panchayat town in Nagapattinam district in India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Coromandel Coast is the name given to the southeastern coast of the Indian peninsula In the Thirty Year's War, Christian tried to become the leader of the Lutheran states in Germany, but suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Lutter resulting in a Catholic army under Albrecht von Wallenstein occupying and pillaging Jutland. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Battle of Lutter ( Lutter am Barenberge) took place during the Thirty Years' War, on 27 August 1626, between the forces of the Protestant Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but Gustavus Adolphus' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining. For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden In 1643, Swedish armies invaded Jutland and in 1644 Skåne. The Torstenson war, Hannibal controversy or Hannibal War (Hannibalsfeiden was a short period of conflict between Sweden and Denmark-Norway In the 1645 Treaty of Brømsebro, Denmark surrendered Halland, Gotland, the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway. The Treaty of Brömsebro (or the Peace of Brömsebro) was signed on August 13, 1645, which ended the Torstenson War (a local conflict that is a county, province and municipality of Sweden and the largest Island in the Baltic Sea. In 1657, King Frederick III declared war on Sweden and marched on Bremen-Verden. Frederick III ( March 18, 1609 &ndash February 19, 1670) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death Bremen-Verden ( Duchy of Bremen, German Herzogtum Bremen was a dominion of Sweden from 1648 to 1712, when it was captured by Denmark and in 1715 ceded This led to a massive Danish defeat and the armies of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden conquered both Jutland, Funen and much of Zealand before signing the Peace of Roskilde in February 1658 which gave Sweden control of Skåne, Blekinge, Trøndelag and the island of Bornholm. Charles X Gustav (Karl X Gustav (8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660 was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. Funen ( Danish: Fyn; ˈfyːˀn with a size of 2984 km² (1152 sq Zealand (also Sealand Danish: Sjælland;) is the largest Island (7031 km² of Denmark (excluding Greenland The Treaty of Roskilde was signed on February 26, 1658 in the Danish city of Roskilde. Scania ( in Swedish and Danish) is a geographical region on the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian peninsula, a traditional province ( is a one of the Provinces of Sweden ( landskap) situated in the south of the country Trøndelag is the name of a geographical region in the central part of Norway, consisting of the two counties Nord-Trøndelag and Sør-Trøndelag. Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having destroyed Denmark completely and in August 1658 he began a two-year long siege of Copenhagen but failed to take the capital. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city In the following peace settlement, Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm.
Denmark tried to regain control of Skåne in the Scanian War (1675–79) but it ended in failure. Scanian War ( Danish: Skånske Krig Swedish: Skånska kriget) was a war fought between the union of Denmark-Norway and Sweden Following the Great Northern War (1700–21), Denmark managed to restore control of the parts of Schleswig and Holstein ruled by the house of Holstein-Gottorp in 1721 and 1773, respectively. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) See also History of Schleswig-Holstein, List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp is the historiographical Denmark prospered greatly in the last decades of the 18th century due to its neutral status allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. In the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark originally tried to pursue a policy of neutrality to continue the lucrative trade with both France and the United Kingdom and joined the League of Armed Neutrality with Russia, Sweden and Prussia. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 League of Armed Neutrality refers to one of two alliances of minor European Naval powers ( 1780 - 1783 and 1800 - 1801 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in both 1801 and 1807, in one case carrying off the Danish fleet, in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Second Battle of Copenhagen, ( 16 August - 5 September 1807) was a British preemptive attack on Copenhagen, targeting The Royal Danish Navy ( RDN) (officially Kongelige Danske Marine in Danish but commonly Søværnet (literally 'Sea Defence' is the sea-based These events mark the end of the prosperous Florissant Age and resulted in the Dano-British Gunboat War. The Gunboat War ( 1807 – 1814) was the naval conflict between Denmark–Norway and the British Navy during the Napoleonic Wars. British control over the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813, Denmark-Norway went bankrupt. Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against The post-Napoleonic Congress of Vienna demanded the dissolution of the Dano-Norwegian union, and this was confirmed by the Treaty of Kiel in 1814. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Treaty of Kiel was a settlement between Sweden and Denmark-Norway on January 14, 1814, whereby the Danish king a loser in the Denmark-Norway had briefly hoped to restore the Scandinavian union in 1809, but these hopes were dashed when the estates of Sweden rejected a proposal to let Frederick VI of Denmark succeed the deposed Gustav IV Adolf and instead gave the crown to Charles XIII. The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society usually distinguishing Nobility, Clergy, and Commoners recognized in the Middle Ages Frederick VI ( January 28, 1768 - December 3, 1839) reigned as King of Denmark from 1808 to 1839 and as king of Norway Gustav IV Adolf (November 1 1778 &ndash February 7 1837 was King of Sweden from 1792 until his abdication in 1809 Charles XIII (Karl XIII ( 7 October, 1748 - 5 February, 1818) was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he Norway entered a new union with Sweden which lasted until 1905. Denmark kept the colonies of Iceland, Faroe Islands and Greenland. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark ruled over Danish India (Tranquebar in India) from 1620 to 1869, the Danish Gold Coast (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the Danish West Indies (the U.S. Virgin Islands) from 1671 to 1917. Danish India is a term for the former colonies of Denmark in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tharangambadi (or Tranquebar) is a Panchayat town in Nagapattinam district in India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Danish Gold Coast was a part of the Gold Coast (roughly present-day Ghana) which is on the West African Gulf of Guinea (hence the territory The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the The Danish West Indies ( Danish: Dansk Vestindien or De dansk-vestindiske øer) or "Danish Antilles" were a colony of Denmark-Norway The United States Virgin Islands is a group of Islands in the Caribbean that are an Insular area of the United States.
The Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s, and after the European Revolutions of 1848 Denmark peacefully became a constitutional monarchy on 5 June 1849. The Constitutional Act of the Kingdom of Denmark (Danmarks Riges Grundlov was introduced on June 5, 1849 and effectively put an end to the Absolute monarchy Carl Christian Constantin Hansen (Constantin Hansen ( November 3, 1804 – March 29, 1880) was one of the painters associated with the "Golden The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After the Second War of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig) in 1864, Denmark was forced to cede Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia, in a defeat that left deep marks on the Danish national identity. The First Schleswig War occurred in 1848–1851. The Second Schleswig War (2 The Province of Schleswig-Holstein (Provinz Schleswig-Holstein was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1868 to Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state After these events, Denmark returned to its traditional policy of neutrality, also keeping Denmark neutral in World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Following the defeat of Germany, the Versailles powers offered to return the then-German region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. Fearing German irredentism, Denmark refused to consider the return of the area and insisted on a plebiscite concerning the return of Schleswig. Irredentism is any position advocating Annexation of territories administered by another State on the grounds of common Ethnicity or prior historical possession A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita The two Schleswig Plebiscites took place on 10 February and 14 March, respectively. The Schleswig Plebiscites were two Plebiscites organized according to section XII articles 109 to 114 of the Treaty of Versailles of June 28 Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. On 5 July 1920 after the plebiscite and the King's signature (6 July) on the reunion document, Northern Schleswig (Sønderjylland) was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding 163,600 inhabitants and 3,984 km². Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England The reunion day (Genforeningsdag) is celebrated every year 15 June on Valdemarsdag. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history
Germany's invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940 – codenamed Operation Weserübung – met only two hours of military resistance before the Danish government surrendered. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. An invasion is a military offensive consisting of all or large parts of the Armed forces of one geopolitical entity aggressively entering territory Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Weserübung was the codename for Nazi Germany 's assault on Denmark and Norway during World War II and the opening operation Economic co-operation between Germany and Denmark continued until 1943, when the Danish government refused further co-operation and the Navy sank most of the Danish fleet and sent as many of their officers as they could to Sweden. During the war, the government was extremely helpful towards Jews living in the country, and the resistance managed to get most of the Jews to Sweden and safety. Denmark led many "inside operations" or sabotage against the German facilities. Iceland severed ties to Denmark and became an independent republic, and in 1948 the Faroe Islands gained home rule. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Home rule refers to a demand that constituent parts of a state be given greater self-government within the greater administrative purview of the central government After the war, Denmark became one of the founding members of the United Nations and NATO and in 1973, along with Britain and Ireland, joined the European Economic Community (now the European Union) after a public referendum. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The North Atlantic Treaty The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992 The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Danish European Communities membership referendum was held in Denmark on October 2, 1972, with 63 Greenland gained home rule in 1979. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the
Despite its small size Denmark has been participating in major military and humanitary operations, most notably the UN and NATO led operations on Cyprus and in Bosnia, Croatia, Kosovo, Ethiopia, Iraq and Afghanistan.
Geography
Denmark's northernmost point is Skagens point (the north beach of the Skaw) at 57° 45' 7" northern latitude, the southernmost is Gedser point (the southern tip of Falster) at 54° 33' 35" northern latitude, the westernmost point is Blåvandshuk at 8° 4' 22" eastern longitude, and the easternmost point is Østerskær at 15° 11' 55" eastern longitude. Denmark is located in Northern Europe (it is one of the Nordic countries) on the Jutland peninsula and several islands in the Baltic sea The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the Skagen ( The Skaw) is a projection of land and a town in Region Nordjylland on the northernmost tip of Vendsyssel-Thy, a part of the Jutland Gedser is a town at the southern tip of the Danish island of Falster in Guldborgsund municipality, Region Sjælland, and the southernmost Falster is a Danish island The area of the island is 514 km² (198 sq Until January 1, 2007, Blåvandshuk was a municipality ( Danish, kommune) in Ribe County on the west coast of the Østerskær is a Skerry belonging to the Ertholmene archipelago which is situated approximately 18 km from the island of Bornholm, Denmark. This is in the archipelago Ertholmene 18 kilometres northeast of Bornholm. Ertholmene, generally called Christiansø, is a small archipelago situated approximately 18 km northeast of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located The distance from east to west is 452 kilometres (281 mi), from north to south 368 kilometres (229 mi).
Denmark consists of the peninsula of Jutland (Jylland) and 443 named islands (1419 islands above 100 m² in total (2005)). A peninsula is a piece of land that is nearly surrounded by Water but connected to Mainland via an Isthmus. This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant [19] Of these, 72 are inhabited (2008),[20] with the largest being Zealand (Sjælland) and Funen (Fyn). Zealand (also Sealand Danish: Sjælland;) is the largest Island (7031 km² of Denmark (excluding Greenland Funen ( Danish: Fyn; ˈfyːˀn with a size of 2984 km² (1152 sq The island of Bornholm is located somewhat east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea. Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; the Øresund Bridge connects Zealand with Sweden, the Great Belt Bridge connects Funen with Zealand, and the Little Belt Bridge connects Jutland with Funen. The Oresund Bridge ( Danish Øresundsbroen, Swedish Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name Øresundsbron) is a combined two-track rail "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Great Belt Fixed Link (Storebæltsforbindelsen is the Fixed link between the Danish islands of Zealand and Funen across the Great Belt The New Little Belt Bridge (Nye Lillebæltsbro is a Suspension bridge that crosses the Little Belt strait between Jutland (Jylland and the island of Ferries or small aircraft connect to the smaller islands. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and Main cities are the capital Copenhagen (on Zealand), Århus, Aalborg and Esbjerg (in Jutland) and Odense (on Funen). Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Geography The city lies roughly at the geographical centre of Denmark on the peninsula of Aalborg ( IPA ˈʌlb̥ɒːˀ is a city in Denmark. Its population as of 2006 is 121540 making it the fourth largest in the country after Copenhagen, The city of Odense (Danish ˈoð̞ˀn̩sə) is the fourth largest city in Denmark.
The country is flat with little elevation; having an average height above sea level of only 31 metres (102 ft) and the highest natural point is Møllehøj, at 170. Møllehøj is the highest natural point in Denmark at 17086 m 86 metres (560. 56 ft). Other hills in the same area southwest of Århus are Yding Skovhøj at 170. Yding Skovhøj in Horsens municipality, Jutland is one of Denmark 's highest points 77 metres (560. 27 ft) and Ejer Bavnehøj at 170. Ejer Bavnehøj (ˈɑi̯əʀ ˈbɑu̯nəhɔi̯ˀ also spelt Ejer Baunehøj is the third-highest natural point in Denmark (170 35 metres (558. 89 ft). [21] The area of inland water is: (eastern Denmark) 210 km² (81 sq mi); (western D. ) 490 km² (189 sq mi).
Denmark is split into 443 named islands which results in a long coastline, 7,314 kilometres (4,544 mi). [22] A perfect circle enclosing the same area as Denmark would have a circumference of only 742 kilometres (461 mi). Another feature that shows the close connection between the land and ocean is that no location in Denmark is further from the coast than 52 kilometres (32. 3 mi). The size of the land area of Denmark cannot be stated exactly since the ocean constantly erodes and adds material to the coastline, and because of human land reclamation projects (to counter erosion). On the southwest coast of Jutland, the tide is between 1 and 2 metres (3 to 6. 5 ft), and the tideline moves outward and inward on a 10 kilometres (6 mi) stretch. [23]
Phytogeographically, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands) belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the Arctic, Atlantic European and Central European provinces of the Circumboreal Region. Phytogeography, also called geobotany is the branch of Biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of Plant Species, or more generally Rhododendron-palustreJPG|thumb|right| Rhododendron tomentosum ]]The Boreal Kingdom or Holarctic Kingdom ( Holarctis) is a Floristic kingdom Vaccinium vitis-idaea 20060824 003jpg|thumb|right| Vaccinium vitis-idaea ]]Alnus-viridis According to the WWF, the territory of Denmark can be subdivided into two ecoregions: the Atlantic mixed forests and Baltic mixed forests. An ecoregion ( ecological region) sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecologically and geographically defined area smaller than a "realm" or " The Faroe Islands are covered by the Faroe Islands boreal grasslands, while Greenland hosts the ecoregions of Kalaallit Nunaat high arctic tundra and Kalaallit Nunaat low arctic tundra.
The climate is in the temperate zone. The winters are not particularly cold with mean temperatures in January and February of 0. 0 °C and the summers are cool with mean temperature in August 15. 7 °C. [24] There is a lot of wind, which is stronger during the winter and weaker during the summer. Denmark has an average of 170 rainy days. The greatest rainfall comes in November. [25]
Because of Denmark's northern location, the length of the day with sunlight varies greatly. Sunlight, in the broad sense is the total spectrum of the Electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. There are short days during the winter with sunrise coming around 9:30 a. m. and sunset 4:30 p. m. , as well as long summer days with sunrise at 3:30 a. m. and sunset at 10 p. m. [26] The shortest and longest days of the year have traditionally been celebrated. The celebration for the shortest day corresponds roughly with Christmas (Danish: jul) and modern celebrations concentrate on Christmas Eve, 24 December. The winter solstice occurs at the instant when the Sun 's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes The Norse word jól is a plural, indicating that pre-Christian society celebrated a season with multiple feasts. [27] Christianity introduced the celebration of Christmas, resulting in the use of the Norse name also for the Christian celebration. Efforts by the Catholic Church to replace this name with kristmesse were unsuccessful. The celebration for the longest day is Midsummer Day, which is known in Denmark as sankthansaften (St. Midsummer may simply refer to the period of time centered upon the summer solstice, but more often refers to specific European celebrations that accompany the actual solstice John's evening). Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. [28] Celebrations of Midsummer have taken place since pre-Christian times. [29]
Government and politics
The Kingdom of Denmark is a constitutional monarchy. The Politics of Denmark takes place in a framework of a parliamentary, Representative democratic, Constitutional monarchy, in which the A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is As stipulated in the Danish Constitution, the monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and his or her person is sacrosanct. The monarch formally appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister and other ministers. The prime minister is customarily chosen through negotiation between the parliament party leaders.
Before being validated through royal assent, all bills and important government measures must be discussed in Statsrådet, a privy council headed by the monarch. The Danish privy council's protocols are secret. Although the monarch is formally given executive power this power is strictly ceremonial. A ceremony is an activity infused with Ritual significance performed on a special occasion The monarch is expected to be entirely apolitical and refrain from influencing the government in any way or form. For example, members of the royal family do not cast their votes in elections and referendums even though they have the right.
Any interference in the government by the monarch is almost unheard of and would almost certainly create a constitutional crisis (q. v. Easter Crisis of 1920. The Easter Crisis of 1920 was a Constitutional crisis and a significant event in the evolution of Constitutional monarchy in Denmark. )
While executive authority formally belongs to the monarch (as head of state), legislative authority is vested in the executive (Prime Minister) and the Danish parliament conjointly. Early life Princess Margrethe was born, to Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Ingrid. Anders Fogh Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs foˀ ˈʀɑsmusn̩, informally known as Anders Fogh ( ˈfoːˀ ⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs ˈfɔʊ̯ˀ or simply Fogh, (born January Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state Judicial authority lies with the courts of justice.
Executive authority is exercised on behalf of the monarch by the prime minister and other cabinet ministers who head departments. The Prime Minister of Denmark (statsminister is the Head of government in Danish politics. Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen retained his parliamentary support in the 2005 Danish parliamentary election, and was able to continue as head of his government The cabinet, including the Prime Minister, and other ministers collectively make up the government. Denmark is a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a unicameral parliamentary system These ministers are responsible to Folketinget (the Danish Parliament), the legislative body, which is traditionally considered to be supreme (that is, able to legislate on any matter and not bound by decisions of its predecessors). The Folketing, or Folketinget, is the national Parliament of Denmark.
The Folketing is the national legislature. It has the ultimate legislative authority according to the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty, however questions over sovereignty have been brought forward because of Denmark’s entry into the European Union. Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself In theory however, the doctrine prevails. Parliament consists of 179 members elected by proportional majority. Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the Prime Minister to call one at his discretion before this period has elapsed. On a vote of no confidence the parliament may force a single minister or the entire government to resign. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion
The Danish political system has traditionally generated coalitions. Most Danish post-war governments have been minority coalitions ruling with the support of non-governmant parties. [30]
Since November 2001, the Danish Prime Minister has been Anders Fogh Rasmussen from the Venstre party, a center-right liberal party. Anders Fogh Rasmussen (⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs foˀ ˈʀɑsmusn̩, informally known as Anders Fogh ( ˈfoːˀ ⁽ˈ⁾ɑnɐs ˈfɔʊ̯ˀ or simply Fogh, (born January Venstre (ˈʋɛnsd̥(ʁɐ in Danish literally Left) full name Venstre Danmarks Liberale Parti ( Venstre Liberal Party of Denmark) is the The government is a coalition consisting of Venstre and the Conservative People's Party, with parliamentary support from the Danish People's Party (Dansk Folkeparti). The Conservative People's Party (Det Konservative Folkeparti also known as Conservatives ( Konservative) is a Danish Political party. The Danish People's Party (Dansk Folkeparti is a social conservative, National conservative political party in Denmark. The three parties obtained a parliamentary majority in the 2001 elections and maintained it virtually unchanged in the 2005 election. The Danish Parliamentary Election of 2001 held on November 20, 2001 saw a dramatic change in the political composition of the Danish parliament or Folketing Legislative elections were held in Denmark on February 8, 2005. On 24 October 2007 an early election was called by the Prime Minister for 13 November. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The 66th Folketing election in Denmark was held on November 13, 2007. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Following the election the Danish People's party was strengthened while Mr. Anders Fogh Rasmussen's Venstre lost 6 mandates and the Conservative Party retained the same amount of seats in Parliament as prior to the election. The result ensured that Anders Fogh Rasmussen could continue as Prime Minister for a third term.
Regions and municipalities
- For the administrative divisions used until 2006, see Counties of Denmark. The Regions of Denmark were created on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform which created five new administrative units to replace the country's Legal foundation of municipalities The Constitution of Denmark states "Article 82 Denmark was until December 31, 2006 divided into 15 counties ( Danish: amter) and 270 municipalities (
Denmark is divided into five regions (Danish: regioner, singular: region) and a total of 98 municipalities. The Regions of Denmark were created on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform which created five new administrative units to replace the country's Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Legal foundation of municipalities The Constitution of Denmark states "Article 82 The regions were created on 1 January 2007 as part of the 2007 Danish Municipal Reform to replace the country's traditional thirteen counties (amter). New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Denmark was until December 31, 2006 divided into 15 counties ( Danish: amter) and 270 municipalities ( " Amt " is a type of Administrative division of some Northern European countries At the same time, smaller municipalities (kommuner) were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 270 to 98. A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government The most important area of responsibility for the new regions is the national health service. Unlike the former counties, the regions are not allowed to levy taxes, and the health service is primarily financed by a national 8% (sundhedsbidrag) tax combined with funds from both government and municipalities. Each Regional Council consists of 41 elected politicians elected as part of the 2005 Danish municipal elections.
Most of the new municipalities have a population of at least 20,000 people, although a few exceptions were made to this rule.
The Ertholmene archipelago (96 inhabitants (2008)) is neither part of a municipality, nor a region but belongs to the Ministry of Defence. Ertholmene, generally called Christiansø, is a small archipelago situated approximately 18 km northeast of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. An archipelago (ɑrkəˈpɛləgoʊ is a chain or cluster of Islands The word archipelago literally means "chief Sea " from Italian History The Ministry of Defence was established following the Danish defence law of May 27 1950 (law #272 about the central structure of the Military of Denmark. [31]
Greenland and the Faroe Islands are also parts of the Kingdom of Denmark, as members of Rigsfællesskabet but have autonomous status and are largely self-governing, and are each represented by two seats in the parliament. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Rigsfællesskabet (Community of the Realm officially rendered in English as the United Kingdom of Denmark by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) is a Danish
| Country/Region | Population | Area (km²) | Density (Pop per km²) |
 Denmark | 5,484,723 | 43,094 | 127 |
 Faroe Islands (Denmark) | 47,017 | 1,399 | 34 |
 Greenland (Denmark) | 56,916 | 2,175,600 | 0. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the 026 |
Economy
| Year | GDP in billions of USD PPP | % GDP Growth |
|---|---|---|
| 2002 | 166. Denmark has a small open and flexible economy With very few natural resources the economy of Denmark relies almost entirely on human resources 876 | 0. 5 |
| 2003 | 170. 798 | 0. 7 |
| 2004 | 178. 477 | 2. 4 |
| 2005 | 187. 721 | 3. 1 |
| 2006 | 195. 581 | 3. 2 |
| 2007 | 212. 404 | 1. 8 |
Denmark's market economy features very efficient agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, average European living standards,[32][33] a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. A market economy is a realized Social system based on the Division of labour in which the prices of Goods and Services are determined in a Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a balance of payments surplus while battling an equivalent of approximately 39% of GNP foreign debt or more than 300 billion DKK . External debt (or foreign debt) is that part of the total debt in a country that is owed to Creditors outside the country [34] Also of importance is the sea territory of more than 105,000 km² (40,000+ sq mi).
Denmark's national currency, the krone (plural: kroner), is de facto linked to the Euro through ERMII. The krone ( sign: kr; code: DKK) is the Currency of Denmark, including the autonomous provinces of Greenland Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979 as part of the European Monetary System (EMS [35] The exchange rate is very steady at approx. 7. 45 kroner per euro. Currently the krone converts to American dollars at a rate of about USD 0. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 21 per krone (about 4. 7 kroner per dollar). (Exchange rates updated April 2008)
The government has met the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (the common European currency — the Euro) of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (EMU), but Denmark, in a September 2000 referendum, rejected The Monetary Union. In economics a Monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency amongst themselves The Danish euro referendum of September 28, 2000 was a Referendum on whether Denmark should join the third stage of the European Monetary The Government of Fogh Rasmussen, re-elected in November 2007, announced a new referendum on the euro for 2008 or 2009 at the latest. [36]
Denmark is home to many multi-national companies, among them: A. P. Moller-Maersk Group (Maersk — international shipping), Lego (children's toys), Bang & Olufsen (hi-fi equipment), Carlsberg (beer), Vestas (wind turbines), Novozymes (enzymes and biotech) and the pharmaceutical companies Lundbeck and Novo Nordisk. The A P Moller-Maersk Group ( AP Møller-Mærsk Gruppen) is an international Business conglomerate more commonly known simply as Maersk. Lego, officially trademarked LEGO, is a line of construction Toys manufactured by the Lego Group, a privately Bang & Olufsen ( B&O,) is a Danish company that designs and manufactures high end Audio products Television sets and Telephones The Carlsberg Group (ˈkɑrlzbɚɡ is a large Brewing company founded in 1847 by J Vestas is a Danish company that designs manufactures sells erects and services Wind turbines Founded in 1945 by Peder Hansen from the A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the Kinetic energy in Wind into Mechanical energy. Novozymes ( is a Biotech -based company and the world’s largest producer of industrial Enzymes and Microorganisms, with a market share of approximately H Lundbeck A/S ( (also known as Lundbeck) is a Danish international Pharmaceutical company engaged in the Research and development, production Novo Nordisk () manufactures and markets Pharmaceutical products and services
Main exports include: Animal Foodstuffs, Chemicals, Dairy Products, Electronic Equipment, Fish, Furniture, Leather, Machinery, Meat, Oil and Gas, and Sugar. [37]
Education
The Danish education system provides access to primary school, secondary school, and most kinds of higher education. Education in Denmark is compulsory for children aged approximately 7-16 Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency The Folkeskole (American Public school is one type of School in Denmark, covering the entire period of compulsory education Secondary education in Denmark (in Danish: ungdomsuddannelse, "youth education" usually takes two to four years and is attended by Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges Attendance at "Folkeskole" is compulsory for a minimum of 9 years, and a maximum of 10. The Folkeskole (American Public school is one type of School in Denmark, covering the entire period of compulsory education About 99% of students attend compulsory elementary school, 86% attend secondary school, and 41% pursue further education. All college education in Denmark is free.
Primary school in Denmark is called "den Danske Folkeskole" ("Danish Public School"). The Folkeskole (American Public school is one type of School in Denmark, covering the entire period of compulsory education It runs from 1st to 10th grade, though 10th grade is optional, as is the introductory "kindergarten class" ("børnehaveklasse"). Students can alternatively attend "free schools" ("Friskole"), or private schools ("Privatskole"), i. For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered e. schools that are not under the administration of the municipalities, such as Christian schools or Waldorf Schools. Legal foundation of municipalities The Constitution of Denmark states "Article 82 A Christian School is a School run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization Waldorf education (also known as Steiner or Steiner-Waldorf education is a Pedagogy based upon the Educational philosophy of Rudolf Steiner, the founder The Programme for International Student Assessment, coordinated by the OECD, currently ranks Denmark's education as the 24th best in the world, being neither significantly higher nor lower than the OECD average. [6]
Following graduation from Folkeskolen, there are several other educational opportunities, including Gymnasium (academically oriented upper secondary education), Higher Preparatory Examination (HF) (similar to Gymnasium, but one year shorter), Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX) (with focus on Mathematics and engineering), and Higher Commercial Examination Programme (HHX) (with a focus on trade and business), as well as vocational education, training young people for work in specific trades by a combination of teaching and apprenticeship. The Danish Gymnasium offers a 3-year general academically-oriented upper secondary programme which builds on the 9th-10th form of the Folkeskole Australia See also Education The Higher Preaparatory Examination (in Danish: Højere Forberedelseseksamen or HF) is a 2-year general upper secondary In Denmark, the Higher Technical Examination Programme (HTX in Danish: Højere Teknisk Eksamen) is a 3-year vocationally oriented general upper secondary Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and The Higher Commercial Examination Programme (in Danish: Højere Handelseksamen, abbreviated HHX) is a business-oriented education Vocational Secondary education in Denmark (erhvervsuddannelse takes place at special state-funded Vocational schools ( erhvervsskoler) most of A trade as an occupation usually refers to the profession that require some particular kind of skilled work Apprenticeship is a system of Training a new generation of practitioners of a skill
Gymnasium, HF, HTX and HHX aim at qualifying students for higher education in universities and colleges. Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution.
Denmark has several universities; the largest and oldest are the University of Copenhagen (founded 1479) and University of Aarhus(founded 1928). This is a list of Universities in Denmark. Prior to 2007, there were a few more universities and institutes of research which have now been merged into The University of Copenhagen (Københavns Universitet is the oldest and largest University and research institution in Denmark. Aarhus Universitet or the University of Aarhus is the second largest University in Denmark (after the University of Copenhagen) based in
Folkehøjskolerne, ("Folk high schools") introduced by politician, clergyman and poet N.F.S. Grundtvig in the 19th century, are social, informal education structures without tests or grades but emphasising communal learning, self-discovery, enlightenment, and learning how to think. Folk High Schools Folk high schools ( Danish: Folkehøjskole Finnish: kansanopisto and työväenopisto or kansalaisopisto Nikolaj Frederik Severin Grundtvig ( September 8 1783 – September 2 1872) (ˈneg̊olaɪ̯ˀ ˈfʁaðˀʁæg̊ ˈsɛʋəʁin ˈg̊ʁɔnd̥ʋi [38]
Energy
- See also: Nordic energy market and Wind power in Denmark
Most electricity is produced from coal. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Nordic energy market is a common market for Energy in Nordic countries. Wind power provided 197 percent of the Denmark's Electricity in 2007 a significantly higher proportion than in any other country Taxpayer-subsidized wind turbines produce an estimated 20% as of 2007. [39] However, the production varies. Denmark is connected by transmission line to other European countries. Therefore companies import additional power from its neighbours. Because of nuclear ban, wind power privileges, and taxes, Denmark has the highest household electricity prices in the world. [40]
Transport
Significant investment has been made in recent decades in building road and rail links between Copenhagen and Malmö, Sweden (the Øresund Bridge), and between Zealand and Funen (the Great Belt Fixed Link). Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Oresund Bridge ( Danish Øresundsbroen, Swedish Öresundsbron, joint hybrid name Øresundsbron) is a combined two-track rail Zealand (also Sealand Danish: Sjælland;) is the largest Island (7031 km² of Denmark (excluding Greenland Funen ( Danish: Fyn; ˈfyːˀn with a size of 2984 km² (1152 sq The Great Belt Fixed Link (Storebæltsforbindelsen is the Fixed link between the Danish islands of Zealand and Funen across the Great Belt The Copenhagen Malmö Port was also formed between the two cities as the common port for the cities of both nations. The Copenhagen Malmö Port is the trans-national port authority for the cities of Copenhagen, Denmark and Malmö, Sweden.
The main railway operator is Danske Statsbaner (Danish State Railways) for passenger services and Railion for freight trains. The Rail transport system in Denmark consists of 2644 km of railway lines of which only the Copenhagen S-train network and the main line Helsingør DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner ( Danish State Railways) is the largest Danish train operating company and the largest in Scandinavia Railion is a European (mainly German) railway cargo carrier. The name was probably intended to be a play on the English words "rely on" though The railway tracks are maintained by Banedanmark. Banedanmark (previously Banestyrelsen) is a Danish company responsible for most of the Danish railway network, including maintenance and construction work Copenhagen has a small Metro system and the greater Copenhagen area has an extensive electrified suburban railway network. The Copenhagen Metro, also known simply as the Metro, is a rail Rapid transit system serving Copenhagen, Frederiksberg and Tårnby The S-train (Danish S-tog) network is the commuter train network of Metropolitan Copenhagen, Denmark.
Denmark's national airline (together with Norway and Sweden) is Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) and Copenhagen Airport is the country's largest airport, and also the biggest hub in Scandinavia. Scandinavian Airlines System ( SAS) is a multi-national Airline for Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the leading carrier in the Copenhagen Airport (Københavns Lufthavn Kastrup is the major Airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark and the other cities within the Oresund Region
A ferry link to the Faroe Islands is maintained by Smyril Line. The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Smyril Line is a Faroese Shipping company linking the Faroe Islands and Iceland with Denmark, Norway and the Other international ferry services are mainly operated by DFDS (to Norway and the UK) and Scandlines (to Germany and Sweden). DFDS A/S, an abbreviation of Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (literally The United Steamship Company) is a Danish Shipping company. Scandlines is a major German - Danish Ferry operator It consists of a parent company Scandlines AG, and under this parent
Danish model
- See also: Nordic model
The Danish economy is highly unionised; 75% of its labour force are members of a trade union. The Nordic model refers to the economic and Social models of the Nordic countries ( Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway) [41] Most trade unions take part in the organized system of trade unions, the organization at the highest level being the so-called LO (LandsOrganisationen), the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions. The Danish Confederation of Trade Unions ( Danish: Landsorganisationen i Danmark or LO is a National trade union centre, an umbrella organisation However, increasing numbers in the labour force choose not to become members of a trade union or to become members of one of the trade unions outside the organized system (often referred to as the yellow, in Danish gule, trade unions).
Relationships between unions and employers are generally cooperative: unions often have a day-to-day role in managing the workplace, and their representatives sit on most companies' board of directors. Rules on work schedules and pay are negotiated between unions and employers, with minimal government involvement. The unemployment rate for December 2007 was 2. Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. 7%, for a total of 74,900 persons, a reduction by 112,800 persons — 2,400 per month — or 60% since December 2003. [42] The Eurostat unemployment number for December 2007 is 3. The Statistical Office of the European Communities ( Eurostat) is the Statistical arm of the European Commission, producing data for the European Union 1%, the next lowest in the EU after the Netherlands (2. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands 9%). It should however be noted that this has been achieved by employing more than 38% [43] of the total workforce in public sector jobs, placing an enormous strain on the private sector and resulting in the world's highest taxes. [44]Another measure of the situation on the labour market is the employment rate, that is the percentage of people aged 15 to 64 (i. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development defines the employment rate as the percentage of the working age population (ages 15 to 64 in most OECD countries e. the working age group) in employment out of the total number of people aged 15 to 64. The employment rate for Denmark in 2006 was 77. 4% according to Eurostat. Of all countries in the world, only Switzerland with 77. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation 9% and Iceland with 84. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( 6% had a higher employment rate. [45]
The number of unemployed is forecast to be 65,000 in 2015. The number of people in the working age group, less disability pensioners etc. , will grow by 10,000 to 2,860,000, and jobs by 70,000 to 2,790,000. [46] Parttime jobs included. [47] Because of the present high demand and short supply of skilled labour, for instance for factory and service jobs, including hospital nurses and physicians, the annual average working hours have risen, especially compared with the economic downturn 1987 – 1993. [48] Increasingly, service workers of all kinds are in demand, i. e. in the postal services and as bus drivers, and academics. [48] In the fall of 2007, more than 250,000 foreigners are working in the country, of which 23,000 still residing in Germany or Sweden. According to TV2 (Denmark),3 January 2007, 66,000 jobs are not filled, but sometimes this regards jobs for which there isn't even labour available in Germany. [49]
The level of unemployment benefits is dependent on former employment and at times also on membership of an unemployment fund, which is almost always -but need not be- administered by a trade union, and the previous payment of contributions. However, the largest share of the financing is still carried by the central government and is financed by imposing the world's highest taxes on the workforce, and only to a minor degree from earmarked contributions. There is no taxation, however, on proceeds gained from selling one´s home (provided there was any home equity (da:friværdi)), as the marginal tax rate on income from housing savings is about 0 percent. Home equity is the value of a homeowner's unencumbered interest in their property i [50]
The Danish welfare model is accompanied by a taxation system that is both broad based (25% VAT, not including excise, duty and tax) and with world record income tax rates (minimum tax rate for adults is 42% scaling to over 60% except for the residents of Ertholmene that escape the otherwise ubiquitous 8% healthcare tax fraction of the income taxes). Ertholmene, generally called Christiansø, is a small archipelago situated approximately 18 km northeast of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. Other than the income taxes, the most infamous tax is the registration tax imposed on private vehicles, approximately tripling the price by first adding 25% VAT to the import price of the vehicles and then 180% registration tax on top. Lately (July, 2007) this has been changed slightly in an attempt to favor more fuel efficient cars but maintaining the average taxation level more or less unchanged and as a byproduct complicating the duty laws in this area and adding to public sector bureaucracy. [51]
Demographics
According to numbers from Statistics Denmark the majority (91,1%) of Denmark’s population of over 5. A majority of Danes today trace their heritage to Germanic tribes who have inhabited Denmark since prehistoric times The Kingdom of Denmark has only one Official language, Danish, the National language of the Danish people but there are several minority languages spoken 4 million as of January 1, 2007 is of Danish descent. [52] Of the remaining 8. 9% who are immigrants or descendent from recent immigrants in particular arriving since a law, Udlændingeloven (Alien law) was passed by parliament in 1983 and which allowed family (re)union immigration, many come from South Asia or the Middle East. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. There are also small groups of Inuit from Greenland and Faroese. Inuit (plural the singular Inuk, means "man" or "person" is a general term for a group of culturally similar Indigenous peoples inhabiting Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the The Faroese or Faroe Islanders ( Føroyingar) are the people of the Faroe Islands in Northern Europe of Norse and Celtic During recent years, anti-immigration sentiment has resulted in some of the toughest immigration laws in the European Union. [53][54] Nevertheless, the number of residence permits granted related to labour and to people from within the EU/EEA has increased since implementation of new immigration laws in 2001. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe However, the number of immigrants allowed into Denmark for family reunification decreased 70% between 2001 and 2006 to 4 198. During the same period the number of asylum permits granted has decreased by 82. 5% to 1 095, reflecting a 84% decrease in asylum seekers to 1 960. [55]
Denmark’s population (as at 1 January 2008) was 5,475,791, giving Denmark a population density of 129. 16 inhabitants per km2 (334. 53 inh/sq mi). [56] As in most countries, the population is not distributed evenly. Although the land area east of the Great Belt only makes up 9,622 km² (3,715 sq mi), 22. The Great Belt (Storebælt is a Strait between the main Danish islands of Zealand ( Sjælland) and Fyn. 7% of Denmark's land area, as of 1 January 2008 it has 45% (2,465,348) of the population. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The average population density of this area is 256. 2 inhabitants per km² (663. 6 per sq mi). The average density in the west of the country (32,772 km²/12,653 sq mi) is 91. 86/km² (237. 91 per sq mi) (3,010,443 people) (2008).
The median age is 39. In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution 8 years with 0. 98 males per female. 98. 2% of the population is literate (age 15 and up). The birth rate is 1. 74 children born/woman (2006 est. ), which will be reflected in a drop in the ratio of workers to pensioners. Despite the low birth rate, the population is still growing at an average annual rate of 0. 33%. [57]
Danish is the official language and is spoken throughout the country. Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the English and German are the most widely spoken foreign languages. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.
Religion
According to official statistics from January 2006, 83. Jelling is a village situated in Vejle municipality, Denmark on the Jutland Peninsula. 0%[58] of Danes are members of the Lutheran state church, the Danish National Church (Den Danske Folkekirke), also known as the Church of Denmark. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Danish National Church, Church of Denmark or Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark ( Danish: Den Danske Folkekirke or Folkekirken According to article 6 of the Constitution, the Royal family must belong to this Church. The Constitutional Act of the Kingdom of Denmark (Danmarks Riges Grundlov was introduced on June 5, 1849 and effectively put an end to the Absolute monarchy The Danish Royal Family includes The Queen of Denmark and her family 3% of the Danish population adhere to Islam, and other religions in Denmark include non-Lutheran Christian denominations. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Of the religions in Denmark, the most prominent is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark which is the official state religion Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The oldest state recognised religious societies and churches are:
- The Catholic Church in Denmark recognised by the state since 1682
- The Reformed Church recognised by the state since 1682.
- Det Mosaiske Troessamfund, the main Jewish organisation in Denmark, recognised by the state since 1682.
Religion, religious societies and churches do not need to be state-recognised in Denmark and can be granted the right to perform weddings etc. without this recognition.
According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll 2005,[59] 31% of Danish citizens responded that "they believe there is a god", whereas 49% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 19% that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force". Eurobarometer is a series of surveys regularly performed on behalf of the European Commission since 1973 According to a 2005 study by Zuckerman, Denmark has the third highest proportion of atheists and agnostics in the world, estimated to be between 43% and 80%. [60][61]
After Iceland, Denmark is the 2nd most acceptant country of the theory of biological evolution. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 [62]
Culture
- See also: List of Danes
Hans Christian Andersen is known beyond Denmark for his fairy tales, such as The Emperor's New Clothes, The Little Mermaid, and The Ugly Duckling. The Culture of Denmark is quite rich and there are some general characteristics often associated with Danish society and everyday Culture. This is a list of well known Danes: Actors See also List of Danish actors Maya Ababadjani, (1984- adult performer Hans Christian Andersen (ˈhanˀs ˈkʰʁæʂd̥jan ˈɑnɐsn̩ in Danish or simply H "The Emperor's New Clothes" ( Keiserens nye Klæder) is a Fairy tale by Danish Poet and Author Hans Christian Andersen The Little Mermaid (Den lille havfrue is a Fairy tale by the Danish Poet and Author Hans Christian Andersen about a young The Ugly Duckling (Danish Den grimme Ælling) is a Fairy tale by Danish Poet and Author Hans Christian Andersen Karen Blixen (pen name: Isak Dinesen), Nobel laureate author Henrik Pontoppidan, Nobel laureate physicist Niels Bohr, the comedic pianist Victor Borge and the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard have also made a name for themselves outside Denmark. Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke ( April 17, 1885 &ndash September 7, 1962) Née Karen Dinesen, was a Henrik Pontoppidan ( July 24, 1857 — August 21, 1943) was a realist writer who shared with Karl Gjellerup the Niels Henrik David Bohr (nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ in Danish 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962 was a Danish Physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding Victor Borge (pronounced "BOR-guh" January 3 1909 &ndash December 23 2000) was a Danish-American humorist entertainer and pianist Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (ˈsœːɐn ˈkʰiɐ̯kəˌɡ̊ɒˀ in Danish Anglicized as;)
The capital city of Copenhagen includes the Tivoli gardens, the Amalienborg Palace (home of the Danish monarchy), and The Little Mermaid sculpture. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Tivoli Gardens is a famous Amusement park and Pleasure garden in Copenhagen, Denmark. Amalienborg Palace ( Danish: Amalienborg, aˈmaːˀliə̯nbɔːˀʀ is the winter home of the Danish royal family, and is located in Copenhagen The statue of The Little Mermaid ( Den lille havfrue in Danish) sits on a rock in the Copenhagen harbour at Langelinie. [63]
The second largest city in Denmark is Aarhus. Geography The city lies roughly at the geographical centre of Denmark on the peninsula of Aarhus is an old Viking Age city and one of the oldest cities in the country. Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 700 to 1066 in European history. The largest cathedral in Denmark and the second largest cathedral in Northern Europe is Aarhus Cathedral. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland Aarhus Cathedral (Århus Domkirke is the main religious edifice of Aarhus, Denmark, in the Jutland peninsula in the western part of the country
Historically, Denmark, like its Scandinavian neighbors, has been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. For example, in 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalize pornography. [64] And in 1989, Denmark enacted a registered partnership law, being the first country in the world to grant same-sex couples nearly all of the rights and responsibilities of marriage. [65]
Cinema
The three big internationally important waves of Danish cinema have been:
- The erotic melodrama of the silent era. Danish cinema pioneer Peter Elfelt, a photographer was the first Dane to make a film
- The increasingly explicit sex films of the 1960s and 1970s.
- The Dogme95-movement of the late 1990s. Dogme 95 or Dogma 95 is an Avant-garde Filmmaking movement started in 1995 by the Danish directors Lars von Trier and
Danish filmmakers of note include:
- Carl Th. Dreyer (1889-1968), one of the most acclaimed directors in the history of cinema. Carl Theodor Dreyer Jr ( February 3, 1889 - March 20, 1968) was a Danish Film director.
- Erik Balling, Oscar-nominated creator of Olsen-banden (1968). Erik Balling ( November 29, 1924 – November 19, 2005) was a Danish TV and Film director. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Olsen Gang ( Danish: Olsen-banden, Norwegian: Olsenbanden, Swedish: Jönssonligan, German:
- Gabriel Axel, Oscar-winner for Babette's Feast (1987). Gabriel Axel (born 18 April 1918 is an Oscar winning Danish director actor writer and producer best known for the Oscar-winning Babette's Feast "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Babette's Feast (Babettes gæstebud is a 1987 Danish film written and directed by Gabriel Axel.
- Bille August, Oscar-winner for Pelle the Conqueror (1987). Bille August (born November 9, 1948) is a Danish Film and Television director. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Pelle the Conqueror ( Pelle Erobreren; Pelle Erövraren) is a 1987 Film by Bille August that tells the story of two
- Thomas Vinterberg, celebrated for Festen (1998), co-creator of Dogme95. Thomas Vinterberg (born May 19 1969) is a Danish film director who along with Lars von Trier, co-founded the Dogme 95 movement in Dogme 95 or Dogma 95 is an Avant-garde Filmmaking movement started in 1995 by the Danish directors Lars von Trier and
- Lars von Trier, Oscar-nominated for Dancer in the Dark (2000), co-creator of Dogme95 and of Zentropa. Lars von Trier (born Lars Trier, April 30, 1956) is a Danish Film director and Screenwriter. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Dancer in the Dark is an award-winning Musical film Drama released in 2000. Dogme 95 or Dogma 95 is an Avant-garde Filmmaking movement started in 1995 by the Danish directors Lars von Trier and "Zentropa" redirects here The 1991 film Europa was released in North America as "Zentropa"
A locally popular film genre is the charmingly simplistic "folkekomedie" (folk comedy), which originated in the 1930s and gained widespread dominance from the 1950s until the 1970s, usually scorned by critics and loved by the audience. Notable folkekomedie-films include Barken Margrethe (1934), De røde heste (1950), Far til fire (1953) and Olsen-banden (1968). The Olsen Gang ( Danish: Olsen-banden, Norwegian: Olsenbanden, Swedish: Jönssonligan, German:
Since the 1980s, Danish filmmaking has been almost completely controlled by the state through The Danish Film Institute, which was founded in 1972. This has resulted in a much criticized lack of innovation (Dogme95 happened in spite of strong resistance from the Film Institute) and frequent accusations of nepotism and cronyism, but also a high level of professionalism even if more or less reserved for a few selected genres and production companies (mainly Nordisk Film, Zentropa and Nimbus Film). Dogme 95 or Dogma 95 is an Avant-garde Filmmaking movement started in 1995 by the Danish directors Lars von Trier and Nepotism is the showing of favoritism toward relatives and friends based upon that relationship rather than on an objective evaluation of ability Meritocracy or suitability For the record label see Crony Records Cronyism is partiality to long-standing friends especially by appointing them to positions of authority Nordisk Film (USA affiliate Great Northern Film Company) established in Denmark in 1906 by Danish filmmaker Ole Olsen, is the oldest continuously "Zentropa" redirects here The 1991 film Europa was released in North America as "Zentropa" Nimbus Film is Denmark 's third largest Film production company [7]
Danish cinema remains highly respected internationally, and Danish films (today almost exclusively consisting of social realist dramas, social realist comedies, children's films and documentaries) receive many awards at major international film festivals.
Sports
The most popular sport in Denmark is football. Sports are popular in Denmark, and its citizens participate in and watch a wide variety Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Sailing and other water sports are popular, as are indoor sports such as badminton, handball and various forms of gymnastics. Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six In Denmark there is also a small group of people doing motorsport, but with some success. The most successful driver on the 24 Hours of Le Mans race ever, with seven 1st places is Tom Kristensen, who comes from Denmark. Tom Kristensen (born July 7 1967 in Hobro) is a Danish racing driver. In speedway Denmark has won several World Championships. Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise Other notable Danish sportspeople include American football's National Football League all-time leading scorer Morten Andersen, cyclists Bjarne Riis, Rolf Sørensen, and Michael Rasmussen, badminton-player Peter Gade and Camilla Martin, table tennis-player Michael Maze, poker Hall of Fame player Gus Hansen and football players Michael and Brian Laudrup and Peter Schmeichel. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Morten Andersen (born August 19, 1960 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is an American football kicker. Bjarne Lykkegård Riis (born April 3, 1964 in Herning) nicknamed the Eagle from Herning (Ørnen fra Herning is a Danish Rolf Sørensen (born 20 April 1965) is a former Danish professional Road bicycle racer. Michael Rasmussen (born June 1 1974 in Tølløse) is a Danish professional Road bicycle racer who last rode for the Dutch Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Peter Høeg Gade (born December 14, 1976 in Terndrup Denmark) born Peter Gade Christensen, is a professional Badminton player Michael Maze (born September 1, 1981) is a male Table tennis player from Fakse, Denmark. Poker is a type of Card game in which players bet on the value of the card combination (" hand " in their possession by placing a bet into Gustav Hansen (born February 13, 1974 outside Copenhagen, Denmark) is a professional Danish Poker player who lives in Monaco Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Michael Laudrup (born 15 June 1964) is a Danish former professional football player Brian Laudrup (born February 22, 1969 in Vienna, Austria) is a Danish former professional football player who won Peter Bolesław Schmeichel MBE (born 18 November 1963 in Gladsaxe, Denmark) is a retired Danish professional footballer Teenager Caroline Wozniacki is rising up the rankings on the WTA tennis tour. Caroline Wozniacki; born July 11, 1990, Odense) is a Danish Tennis player Denmark is also the home and birthplace of former WBA & WBC Supermiddleweight boxing champion, Mikkel Kessler. Mikkel Kessler (born March 1 1979) is a Danish professional boxer.
1992 football champions
In 1992, the national football team were crowned European champions. The Denmark national football team is controlled by the Danish Football Association and has represented the country of Denmark in international football The 1992 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was hosted by Sweden. Remarkably, the team had finished second in their qualifying group behind Yugoslavia and as a result had failed to qualify for the final tournament. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian They gained their place in the tournament at the last moment when the warring Yugoslavs were expelled from the competition. The Yugoslav Wars were a series of violent conflicts in the territory of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY that took place between 1991 and Once in the finals the Danes reached the final where they defeated reigning World champions Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Music
Denmark has long been a center of cultural innovation. Denmark is a Nordic country that has long been a center of cultural innovation Its capital, Copenhagen, and its multiple outlying islands have a wide range of folk traditions, while an extensive recording industry has produced pop stars and a host of performers from a multitude of genres. The famous drummer Lars Ulrich from Metallica is from Denmark. Lars Ulrich (born December 26 1963) is a Danish Drummer best known as the co-founder of the American heavy metal Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in. Among other names, Whigfield and the '90's pop band Aqua also come from Denmark, as well as current (March 2008) US hitlist top name Ida Corr and group Alphabeat. Aqua is a Danish - Norwegian Dance-pop group, perhaps best known for their 1997 breakthrough single " Barbie Girl. Alphabeat is a Danish pop band from Silkeborg signed to Copenhagen Records in Denmark
Food
The cuisine of Denmark, like that in the other Nordic countries (Finland, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden), as well as that of northern Germany, its neighbour to the south, consists mainly of meat and fish. Danish cuisine features the products suited to its cool and moist northern climate barley potatoes rye beetroot greens berries and mushrooms are locally grown and dairy products are one Cuisine (from French cuisine, "cooking culinary art kitchen" ultimately from Latin coquere, "to cook" is a specific set This stems from the country's agricultural past, as well as its geography and climate of long, cold winters.
Traditional Danish food includes frikadeller (fried meatballs, often served with potatoes and various sorts of gravy), karbonader/krebinetter (another sort of fried meatballs), steaks and so on, usually eaten with potatoes. Frikadeller (pronounced frek-ka-delluh) are flat fried Dumplings of minced meat often likened to the Danish version of Meatballs They a popular Fish is also widely eaten, especially on the west coast of Jutland. This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. A traditionally favourite condiment, remoulade, is eaten with french fries, on fried plaice, on salami or roast beef sandwiches. A condiment is a prepared edible substance or Mixture, often preserved or fermented (usually a liquid that is added in relatively small Remoulade or rémoulade is a popular Condiment in many countries and was invented in France. French fries ( North American English; sometimes not capitalized chips ( British English) fries or French-fried potatoes (formal The PLAICE, or FLASH-PLAICE, is a powerful Open source hardware device combining a Flash memory programmer, In-circuit emulation, For other uses see Salama and Salameh. Salami is cured Sausage, fermented and air-dried Roast beef is a cut of Beef which is roasted in an Oven. Roast beef is often served within sandwiches and sometimes is used to make hash Smoked fish dishes (herring, mackerel, eel) from local smoking houses or røgerier, especially on the island of Bornholm, are increasingly popular. Herring are small Oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of Fish, mostly but not exclusively from the family Scombridae. True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 Smoking is the process of flavoring, Cooking, or preserving Food by exposing it to the Smoke from burning or smoldering plant materials Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located
One of the most interesting aspects of Danish food is the wide variety of attractive open rugbrød (Rye-bread) sandwiches or smørrebrød traditionally served for the mid-day meal or frokost. Rugbrød ( Danish rye bread is the most commonly used Bread in Denmark. Danish cuisine features the products suited to its cool and moist northern climate barley potatoes rye beetroot greens berries and mushrooms are locally grown and dairy products are one This usually starts with fish such as marinated herring, smoked eel or hot fried breaded plaice. Herring are small Oily fish of the genus Clupea found in the shallow temperate waters of the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, the North True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 Then come meat sandwiches such as cold roast beef with remoulade and fried onions, roast pork and crackling with red cabbage, hot veal medallions, Danish meat balls (frikadeller) or liver paté with bacon and mushrooms. Remoulade or rémoulade is a popular Condiment in many countries and was invented in France. Pork rind (known as pork scratchings in the United Kingdom, and pork crackle in Australia) is the skin of a Pig. The Red Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var capitata f rubra) is a sort of Cabbage, also known as Red Kraut or Blue Kraut Filet mignon ( French for "dainty fillet" is a Steak cut of Beef taken from the tenderloin, or Psoas major of the steer Frikadeller (pronounced frek-ka-delluh) are flat fried Dumplings of minced meat often likened to the Danish version of Meatballs They a popular Leverpostej ( Danish, pronounced leh-wer-po-stei) lifrarkæfa ( Icelandic) leverpostei ( Norwegian) leverpastej Some typically Danish items are Sol over Gudhjem, literally 'sun over Gudhjem', consisting of smoked herring, chives and with raw egg yolk (the "sun") on top; or Dyrlægens natmad, 'vet's late-night bite', with liver paté, saltmeat (corned veal), onions and jellied consommé. Sol over Gudhjem, literally 'sun over Gudhjem ' is a Danish dish an open sandwich with Rugbrød, smoked herring chives and a raw egg yolk (the "sun" Allinge-Gudhjem is a former municipality in Denmark, on the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea. Leverpostej ( Danish, pronounced leh-wer-po-stei) lifrarkæfa ( Icelandic) leverpostei ( Norwegian) leverpastej In Cooking, a consommé is a type of clear soup made from richly flavored stock or bouillon that has been clarified usually through a fining process involving Finally cheese is served with radishes, nuts or grapes. Lager beer accompanied by small glasses of snaps or aquavit are the preferred drinks for a Danish frokost. Lager (storage camp bearing etc is the more popular of two main types of Beer; the other being Ale. Akvavit, also known as aquavit or akevitt, is a Scandinavian Distilled beverage of approximately 40% alcohol by volume
Military
Denmark's armed forces are known as the Danish Defence (Danish: Forsvaret). The Armed forces of the Kingdom of Denmark, known as the Danish Defence (Forsvaret is charged with the defence of the Kingdom of Denmark 793 - 1050 The Viking Age See also Viking age 793 Vikings raid Lindisfarne monastery on Holy Island in the North Sea For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the During peacetime, the Ministry of Defence in Denmark employs around 33,000 in total. History The Ministry of Defence was established following the Danish defence law of May 27 1950 (law #272 about the central structure of the Military of Denmark. The main military branches employ almost 27,000: 15,460 in the Royal Danish Army, 5,300 in the Royal Danish Navy and 6,050 in the Royal Danish Air Force (all including conscripts). The Royal Danish Army forms together with the Army Home Guard the land forces of the Military of Denmark. The Royal Danish Navy ( RDN) (officially Kongelige Danske Marine in Danish but commonly Søværnet (literally 'Sea Defence' is the sea-based The Royal Danish Air Force ( Danish: Flyvevåbnet) is the Air force of Denmark, it is an expeditionary Air Force with capability organised The Danish Emergency Management Agency (Danish: Beredskabsstyrelsen) employs 2,000 (including conscripts), and about 4,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the Danish Defence Command, the Danish Defence Research Establishment, and the Danish Defense Intelligence Service. History By the Danish Preparedness Act (Beredskabsloven which came into force on January 1 1992, the former Fire Service (Brandvæsenet and Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the History Forsvarskommandoen was established on the basic of law no Danish Defence Research Establishment ( Forsvarets Forskningstjeneste) short FOFT was the consultative guiding and promotion organ in the scientific and technical The Danish Defence Intelligence Service ( DDIS) ( Danish: Forsvarets Efterretningstjeneste, short FE (often but incorrectly FET) Furthermore around 55,000 serve as volunteers in the Danish Home Guard (Danish: Hjemmeværnet). The Danish Home Guard (Hjemmeværnet HJV is the fourth service of the Danish military, concerned exclusively with the defence of Danish territory Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the
The Danish Defence currently (as of 9 April 2008) has around 1,400[66] staff in international missions, not including standing contributions to NATO SNMCMG1. Standing NRF Mine Countermeasures Group 1 ( SNMCMG1) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO standing mine countermeasures Immediate Reaction Forces The three largest contributions are in Afghanistan (ISAF, 696 persons), Kosovo (KFOR, 312 persons), and Lebanon (UNIFIL, 50 persons). Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, International Security Assistance Force (10 ( ISAF) is a NATO -led security and development mission in Afghanistan established by the United Nations The Kosovo Force ( KFOR) is a NATO -led international force responsible for establishing a safe and secure environment in Kosovo, the self-proclaimed independent Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, or UNIFIL, was created by the United Nations, with the adoption of Security Council Resolution Between 2003 and 2007, there were approximately 450 Danish soldiers in Iraq. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. [67]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ ABC News: Great Danes: The Geography of Happiness
- ^ BBC NEWS | World | Norway rated most peaceful nation
- ^ Kristian Andersen Nyrup, Middelalderstudier Bog IX. Kong Gorms Saga
- ^ Indvandrerne i Danmarks historie, Bent Østergaard, Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2007, ISBN 978-87-7674-204-1, pp. 19-24
- ^ J. de Vries, Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 1962, 73; N. See Jan de Vries (disambiguation for other people with the same name Å. Nielsen, Dansk etymologisk ordbog, 1989, 85-96.
- ^ Navneforskning, Københavns Universitet Udvalgte stednavnes betydning.
- ^ Asernes æt Daner, Danir, Vandfolket
- ^ The 'David' referred to here appears to be David, the ancient king of the Israelites: of course this is wildly anachronistic, but it is fairly typical of such sources, which commonly sought to push national or dynastic origins as far back as possible. David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible The United Monarchy ( United Kingdom of Israel and Judah) refers to a period in the traditional account of the History of ancient Israel and Judah lasting An anachronism (from the Greek "ana" " ανά " "against anti-" and "chronos" " χρόνος "
- ^ Thorpe, B. , The Life of Alfred The Great Translated From The German of Dr. R. Pauli To Which Is Appended Alfred's Anglo-Saxon Version of Orosius, Bell, 1900, p. 253.
- ^ The dative form tąnmarku [ˈdanmarkʊ] is found on the contemporaneous Skivum stone. The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given
- ^ Michaelsen (2002), p. 19.
- ^ a b Nielsen, Poul Otto (May 2003). Denmark: History, Prehistory. Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved on 2006-05-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
- ^ Busck and Poulsen (ed. ) (2002), p. 20.
- ^ See Jutes, Anglo-Saxons
- ^ Jordanes; translated by Charles C. The Jutes, Iuti, or Iutae were a Germanic people who according to Bede were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of the time For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south Mierow (April 22, 1997). The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter III. Retrieved on 2006-05-01. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
- ^ Busck and Poulsen (ed. ) (2002), p. 19.
- ^ a b Michaelsen (2002), pp. 122–23.
- ^ Kalmarkriget 1611-1613. Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek. Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV (Swedish)
- ^ Landet i tal — Største øer. National Survey and Cadastre of Denmark (2003-09-23). History KMS was official formed January 1, 1989 by combining Geodætisk Institut, Søkortarkivet and Matrikeldirektoratet, in Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Retrieved on 2007-07-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France.
- ^ Statistikbanken. dk/bef4
- ^ Dahlgaard, Jørgen. "Danmarks nye top" (PDF). Aktuel Naturvidenskab 2005 (1): 2.
- ^ Nature & Environment. Denmark. dk. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Nationalencyklopedin, (1990)
- ^ Klimanormaler for Danmark. Danish Meteorological Institute. The Danish Meteorological Institute (Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut is the official Danish Meteorological institute administrated by the Ministry of Transport Retrieved on 2007-02-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ Lerbech Jensen, Mogens (2006). Climate. Denmark. Gyldendal Leksikon. Retrieved on May 1, 2006.
- ^ Copenhagen, Denmark — Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year. Gaisma. Retrieved on May 2, 2006.
- ^ Store Danske Encyklopædi (2004), CD-ROM edition, entry Jul.
- ^ Store Danske Encyklopædi (2004), CD-ROM edition, entry Sankthansaften
- ^ Store Danske Encyklopædi (2004), CD-ROM edition, entry Majskikke.
- ^ Radikale ved historisk skillevej. Berlingske Tidende (2007-06-17). Berlingske Tidende is a Danish daily Newspaper. Founded in 1749 by Ernst Henrich Berling, it is the oldest Danish newspaper still Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
- ^ Michael Kjær, Jonas. "Christiansø betaler ikke sundhedsbidrag", dr. dk, 2006-11-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Retrieved on 2007-08-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid (Danish)
- ^ [1]Human Development Report 2007/2008
- ^ [2]List of countries by Human Development Index
- ^ Statens Gæld og Låntagning. Statistics Denmark.
- ^ Denmark and the euro. Danmarks Nationalbank (2006-11-17). Danmarks Nationalbank (in Danish often simply Nationalbanken) is the Central bank of Denmark. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ "Denmark to have second referendum on euro", 2007-11-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Retrieved on 2007-11-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran
- ^ Denmark - Atlapedia Online
- ^ The Danish Folkehøjskole. www. scandinavica. com. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
- ^ from www. kemin. dk
- ^ [3]
- ^ Fuller, Thomas. "Workers and bosses: Friends or foes?", International Herald Tribune, January 11, 2005. Retrieved on May 1. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
- ^ Ledigheden faldt til 2,7 pct.. Statistics Denmark.
- ^ [4]Beskæftigelsesindikator på grundlag af ATP-indbetalinger. In March 2008 unemployment hit a new low of only 1. 9%. This rate has been dropping continuously since 2003.
- ^ [5]Denmark wins highest tax competition
- ^ Total employment rate
- ^ Madsen, Bjarne; Svend Lundtorp (2006). Arbejdsmarkedet på Sjælland og øerne i 2015. Akf forlaget, 10. ISBN 87-7509-801-6. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ Statistikbanken. dk, tables AB513+ BESK11+12+13.
- ^ a b Nüchel, Jens; Lars Erik Skovgaard. "Danskere arbejder mere og mere", Business. dk, Berlingske Tidende, 2006-12-13. Berlingske Tidende is a Danish daily Newspaper. Founded in 1749 by Ernst Henrich Berling, it is the oldest Danish newspaper still Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ http://politiken.dk/erhverv/article441694.ece Udlændinge passer hvert 10. job
- ^ Danish Economic Council Spring Report 2008 English Summary,p. 11
- ^ Registration tax for cars. Skatteministeriet (2008-03-24). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland
- ^ (Danish)Stadig flere polske indvandrere
- ^ Danes' Anti-Immigrant Backlash Marks Radical Shift. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Retrieved on May 1. .
- ^ Denmark gets tough on immigrants. .
- ^ Tal og fakta på udlændingeområdet 2006
- ^ (Danish)Nyt fra Danmarks Statistik
- ^ Denmark. The World Factbook. CIA (2008-01-23). Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
- ^ (Danish) Membership Lutheran state church
- ^ Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 - page 11. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
- ^ Zuckerman, Phil. The Largest Atheist / Agnostic Populations.
- ^ Martin (ed. ), Michael (2005). "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns", The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Miller, J. D. (11 August 2006). Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Public Acceptance of Evolution". Science 313 (5788): 765-766. doi:10.1126/science.1126746. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. (See the chart)
- ^ Copenhagen Walking Tours (2007-05-25). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Retrieved on 2007-05-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
- ^ Denmark — An Overview. Retrieved on 2007-09-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
- ^ Same-Sex Marriage FAQ
- ^ Forsvarsministerens Verdenskort
- ^ Al Jazeera English: Denmark follows UK Iraq pullout
References
- (Danish) Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed. ), "Danmarks historie — i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, ISBN 87-7288-941-1
- (Danish) Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, ISBN 87-00-69328-6
- (Swedish) Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, ISBN 91-7024-619-X
External links
- Official Portal of Denmark
- Denmark travel guide from Wikitravel
- Krak printable mapsearch(outline of municipality visible but does not print out!)(Danish)
- Encyclopaedia Britannica's Denmark country page
- Google news Denmark
- History of Denmark: Primary Documents
- Old Denmark in Cyberspace - Information about Denmark - the Danes
- Satellite image of Denmark at the NASA Earth Observatory
- Summary vital statistics about Denmark covering 1901 and forwards from Statistics Denmark
- Statistics Denmark Statistics free of charge
- Various statistics from Statistics Denmark statistikbanken.dk
- Newest releases from Statistics Denmark (Danish, English)
- Ministry of the Environment National Survey and Cadastre (Danish, English)
Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. The NASA Earth Observatory is an online publishing organization of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States (US A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
Dictionary
Denmark
-proper noun
- A country in Western Europe consisting mainly of most of the Jutland Peninsula and a number of islands off its coast. Capital: Copenhagen (København). Official name: Kingdom of Denmark (Kongeriget Danmark).
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