As of January 1, 2008, 64,473,140 people live in the French Republic. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. [2] 61,875,822 of these live in metropolitan France,[3] whereas 2,597,318 live in the French overseas departments and territories. Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole, or colloquially l'Hexagone) is the part of France located in Europe, including The French Overseas Departments and Territories ( French: départements d'outre-mer and territoires d'outre-mer or DOM-TOM) consist broadly of
At the beginning of the twentieth century, France's population growth was low compared to its neighbours, and to its past history. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on However, the country's population sharply increased with the baby boom following World War II. As is often the case after a major war the end of World War II brought a Baby boom to many countries notably those in Europe, Asia, North America World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During the Trente Glorieuses (1945-1974), the country's reconstruction and steady economic growth led to the labor-immigration of the 1960s, when many employers found manpower in villages located in Southern Europe and in the Maghreb (or North Africa). Les Trente Glorieuses ("The Glorious Thirty" refers to the thirty years from 1945-1975 following the end of the Second World War in 1945 in The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 The term Southern Europe can have four definitions geographical political climatic phytogeographic The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī) also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb) meaning "place of Sunset North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan French law facilitated the immigration of thousands of colons, ethnic or national French from former colonies of North and West Africa, India and Indochina, to mainland France. West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. 1. 6 million European pieds noirs migrated from Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Pied-Noir ("Black-Foot" plural Pieds-Noirs, pronounced /pje Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa [4] In the 1970s, over 30,000 French colons left Cambodia during the Khmer Rouge regime as the Pol Pot government confiscated their farms and land properties. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The Khmer Rouge (ខ្មែរក្រហម Kmae Krɑhɑɑm was the Communist ruling political party of Cambodia &mdashwhich it renamed Saloth Sar ( May 19, 1925 – April 15, 1998) also known as Pol Pot, was leader of the Communist movement known as However, after the 1973 energy crisis, laws limiting immigration were passed. The 1973 oil crisis began on October 17 1973 when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC consisting of the Arab members of In addition, the country's birth rate dropped significantly during this time.
Since the 1980s, France has ceased being a country of mass immigration. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Meanwhile, the national birth rate, after continuing to drop for a time, began to rebound in the 1990s and currently the country's fertility rate is close to the replacement level. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Sub-replacement fertility is a Total fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an area's population In recent years, immigrants have accounted for one quarter of the population growth - a lower proportion than in most other European countries. According to an INSEE 2006 study, "The natural increase is close to 300,000 persons, a level that has not been reached in more than thirty years. INSEE ( French: I nstitut N ational de la S tatistique et des É tudes É conomiques; inse (not) in French is the Net migration is estimated at 93,600 persons, slightly more than in 2005. " [1]
Please note:
| Year | Population | Year | Population | Year | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50 BC | 2,500,000 | 1811 | 30,271,000 | 1896 | 40,158,000 |
| 0 | 5,500,000 | 1816 | 30,573,000 | 1901 | 40,681,000 |
| 120 | 7,200,000 | 1821 | 31,578,000 | 1906 | 41,067,000 |
| 400 | 5,500,000 | 1821 | 31,578,000 | 1906 | 41,067,000 |
| 850 | 7,000,000 | 1826 | 32,665,000 | 1911 | 41,415,000 |
| 1226 | 16,000,000 | 1831 | 33,595,000 | 1921 | 39,108,000 |
| 1345 | 20,200,000 | 1836 | 34,293,000 | 1926 | 40,581,000 |
| 1400 | 16,600,000 | 1841 | 34,911,000 | 1931 | 41,524,000 |
| 1457 | 19,700,000 | 1846 | 36,097,000 | 1936 | 41,502,000 |
| 1580 | 20,000,000 | 1851 | 36,472,000 | 1946 | 40,503,000 |
| 1594 | 18,500,000 | 1856 | 36,714,000 | 1954 | 42,777,000 |
| 1600 | 20,000,000 | 1861 | 37,386,000 | 1962 | 46,243,000 |
| 1670 | 18,000,000 | 1866 | 38,067,000 | 1968 | 49,778,000 |
| 1700 | 21,000,000 | 1872 | 37,653,000 | 1975 | 52,656,000 |
| 1715 | 19,200,000 | 1876 | 38,438,000 | 1980 | 54,335,000 |
| 1740 | 24,600,000 | 1881 | 39,239,000 | 1990 | 56,615,000 |
| 1801 | 29,361,000 | 1886 | 39,783,000 | 1999 | 58,519,000 |
| 1806 | 29,648,000 | 1891 | 39,947,000 | 2008 | 61,875,822 (*) [3] |
(*) Note:
After World War II, the French fertility rate rebounded considerably, as was explained above, but economic growth in France was so high that new immigrants had nonetheless to be brought into the country. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including This time the majority of immigrants were Portuguese as well as Arabs and Berbers from North Africa. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan The first wave arrived in the 1950s, but the major arrivals happened in the 1960s and 1970s. More than 1 million people from the Maghreb immigrated in the 1960s and early 1970s from North Africa, especially Algeria (following the end of French rule there). This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's French rule of Algeria lasted from 1830 to 1962 under a variety of governmental systems One million European pieds noirs also migrated from Algeria in 1962 and the following years, due to the chaotic independence of Algeria. Pied-Noir ("Black-Foot" plural Pieds-Noirs, pronounced /pje [5] This is a vocal point of the current turbulent relationship of France and over three million French of Algerian descent, a small percentage are third-or fourth-generation in France.
In the late 1970s, due to the end of high economic growth in France, immigration policies were considerably tightened, starting with the Pasqua laws passed in the late 1980s. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Charles Pasqua (born 18 April 1927, Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes) is a French Businessman and Gaullist Politician The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. New immigrants were allowed only through the family reunion schemes (wives and children moving to France to live with their husband or father already living in France), or as political asylum seekers. Illegal immigration thus developed. Illegal immigration refers to Immigration across National Borders in a way that violates the Immigration laws of the destination Country Nonetheless, immigration rates in the 1980s and 1990s were much lower than in the 1960s and 1970s, especially compared to other European countries. The regions of emigrations also widened, with new immigrants now coming from sub-saharan Africa and Asia. And in the 1970s, a small but well publicized wave of Chilean and Argentine political refugees (see Chilean coup of 1973) found asylum in France. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The Chilean coup d'état of 1973 is a landmark in the History of Chile and the Russo-American Cold War.
The large-scale immigration from Islamic countries sparked controversy in France, as some demographers state "the third world Neo-colonization of Europe" might (and had) make France an "outpost of the Arab world". For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. On the other hand, over one million Afro-French (or "black French"), descendants of sub-Saharan African and West Indian immigrants, have enjoyed better cultural and social integration, though some have dealt with issues of racism in French society. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that
As of 2006, the French national institute of statistics INSEE estimated that 4. INSEE ( French: I nstitut N ational de la S tatistique et des É tudes É conomiques; inse (not) in French is the 9 million foreign-born immigrants live in France (8% of the country's population) [2]: The number of French citizens with foreign origins is generally thought to be around 6. 7 million [3] according to the 1999 Census conducted by INSEE, which ultimately represents one tenth of the country's population. (Ranked by the largest national groups, above 60,000 persons)
Most of the population from immigrant stock is of European descent (mainly from Italy, Spain, and Portugal as well as Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, and the former Yugoslavia) although France has a sizeable population of Arabs and Africans from its former colonies, the proportion of immigrants in France is on par with other European nations such as the United Kingdom (8%) [4], Germany (9%) [5], the Netherlands (18%) [6], Sweden (13%) [7] and Switzerland (19%) [8]. Outside of Europe and North Africa, the highest rate of immigration is from Vietnam, Cambodia and Senegal. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa.
According to Michèle Tribalat, researcher at INED, it is very difficult to estimate the number of French immigrants or born to immigrants, because of the absence of official statistics. Only three surveys have been conducted: in 1927, 1942, and 1986 respectively. According to a 2004 study, there were approximatively 14 million persons of foreign ancestry, defined as either immigrants or people with at least one parent, grandparent, or great-parent emigreé. 5. 2 million of these people were from South-European ascendency (Italy, Spain, Portugal); and 3 million come from the Maghreb (North Africa) [6].
In 2004, a total of 140,033 people immigrated to France. Of them, 90,250 were from Africa and 13,710 from Europe. [7] In 2005, immigration level fell slightly to 135,890. [8] The European Union allows free movement between the member states. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in While the UK (along with Ireland and Sweden ) did not impose restrictions, France put in place controls to curb Eastern European migration. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent.
In the 2000s, the net migration rate was estimated to be 0. 66 migrants per 1,000 population a year [9]. This is a very low rate of immigration compared to other European countries, the USA or Canada. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Since the beginning of the 1990s, France has been attempting to curb immigration, first with the Pasqua laws, followed by both right-wing and socialist-issued laws. Charles Pasqua (born 18 April 1927, Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes) is a French Businessman and Gaullist Politician The immigration rate is currently lower than in other European countries such as United Kingdom and Spain; however, some say it is doubtful that the policies in themselves account for such a change. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Again, as in the 1920s and 1930s, France stands in contrast with the rest of Europe. Back in the 1920s and 1930s, when European countries had a high fertility rate, France had a low fertility rate and had to open its doors to immigration to avoid population decline. Today, it is the rest of Europe that has very low fertility rates, and countries like Germany or Spain avoid population decline only through immigration. In France, however, fertility rate is still fairly high for European standards, in fact the highest in Europe after Ireland, and so most population growth is due to natural increase, unlike in the other European countries. This difference in immigration trends is also because the labor market in France is currently less dynamic than in other countries such as the UK, Ireland or Spain, this may even be a more relevant factor than low birth rates (because Ireland has both the highest fertility and the highest net immigration rate in Europe, whereas Eastern European countries such as Poland or Ukraine have both a low fertility and a high net emigration rate, as well as a high unemployment rate).
For example, according to the UK Office for National Statistics, in the three years between July 2001 and July 2004 the population of the UK increased by 721,500 inhabitants, of which 242,800 (34%) was due to natural increase, and 478,500 (66%) to immigration [9]. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly According to the INSEE, in the three years between January 2001 and January 2004 the population of Metropolitan France increased by 1,057,000 inhabitants, of which 678,000 (64%) was due to natural increase, and 379,500 (36%) to immigration [10]. INSEE ( French: I nstitut N ational de la S tatistique et des É tudes É conomiques; inse (not) in French is the Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole, or colloquially l'Hexagone) is the part of France located in Europe, including
The latest 2006 demographic statistics have been released, and France's birth and fertility rates have continued to rise. Crude birth rate is the natality or Childbirths per 1000 people per year The fertility rate increased to 2. 00 and for the first time approaches the fertility rate of the United States. The link for these figures is here: http://www.insee.fr/en/ffc/ficdoc_frame.asp?ref_id=ip1118
France has not collected religious or ethnic data in its censuses since the beginning of the Third Republic, but the country's predominant faith has been Roman Catholicism since the early Middle Ages. The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe Church attendance is low, however, and the proportion of the population that is not religious has grown significantly over the past century. A 2004 IFOP survey tallied that 44% of the French people do not believe in God; contrast with 20% in 1947 [10]. The Institut français d'opinion publique (IFOP ( English: French Institute of Public Opinion) is an international Marketing firm whose motto is "Global A study by the CSA Institute conducted in 2003 with a sample of 18,000 people found that 27% consider themselves atheists, and 65. 3% Roman Catholic compared to 67% in 2001. Furthermore 12. 7% (8,065,000 people) belonged to some other religion.
There are an estimated 5-6 million Muslims[11], 1 million Protestants, 600-700,000 Jews, 600,000 Buddhists, and 150,000 Orthodox Christians as of 2000 figures. The US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2004 . [11] estimated the French Hindu population at 181,312.
These studies did not ask the respondants if they were practicing or how often they did practice if they were active in the laity.
France is said to be experiencing a new baby boom due to the rise in fertility rate and in births.
Source: [12]
The total fertility rates (TFR) for metropolitan France yearwise is given below. The total fertility rate ( TFR, sometimes also called the fertility rate, period total fertility rate (PTFR or total Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole, or colloquially l'Hexagone) is the part of France located in Europe, including (Source: [13])
| Year | Births | TFR | Year | Births | TFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 819,951 | 2. 73 | 1995 | 729,609 | 1. 71 |
| 1964 | 877,800 | 2. 91 | 1996 | 734,300 | 1. 73 |
| 1970 | 850,381 | 2. 47 | 1997 | 726,800 | 1. 73 |
| 1971 | 881,284 | 2. 49 | 1998 | 738,100 | 1. 76 |
| 1972 | 877,506 | 2. 41 | 1999 | 744,800 | 1. 79 |
| 1973 | 857,186 | 2. 30 | 2000 | 774,782 | 1. 87 |
| 1974 | 801,218 | 2. 11 | 2001 | 770,945 | 1. 88 |
| 1975 | 745,065 | 1. 93 | 2002 | 761,630 | 1. 86 |
| 1980 | 800,376 | 1. 95 | 2003 | 761,464 | 1. 87 |
| 1985 | 768,431 | 1. 81 | 2004 | 767,816 | 1. 90 |
| 1990 | 762,407 | 1. 78 | 2005 | 774,355 | 1. 92 |
| 1991 | 759,100 | 1. 77 | 2006 | 796,800 | 1. 98 |
| 1992 | 743,700 | 1. 73 | |||
| 1993 | 711,600 | 1. 66 | |||
| 1994 | 711,000 | 1. 66 | |||
| Year | Births | TFR | Year | Births | TFR |
The table below gives the average number of children according to the place of birth of women. An immigrant woman is a woman who was born outside of France and who did not have French citizenship at birth. Source - French-Wikipedia
| Average number of children in France (1991-1998) | Average number of children in country of origin (1990-1999) | |
|---|---|---|
| All women living in metropolitan France | 1. Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole, or colloquially l'Hexagone) is the part of France located in Europe, including 74 | |
| Women born in Metropolitan France | 1. 70 | |
| Immigrant women | 2. 16 | |
| Women born in overseas France | 1. The French Overseas Departments and Territories ( French: départements d'outre-mer and territoires d'outre-mer or DOM-TOM) consist broadly of 86 | |
| Immigrant women (country of birth) | ||
| Spain | 1. 52 | 1. 23 |
| Italy | 1. 60 | 1. 24 |
| Portugal | 1. 96 | 1. 49 |
| Other EU | 1. 66 | 1. 44 |
| Other Europe | 1. 68 | 1. 41 |
| Algeria | 2. 57 | 3. 64 |
| Morocco | 2. 97 | 3. 28 |
| Tunisia | 2. 90 | 2. 73 |
| Other Africa | 2. 86 | 5. 89 |
| Turkey | 3. 21 | 1. 92 |
| Other Asia (Mostly China) | 1. 77 | 2. 85 |
| The Americas and Oceania | 2. 00 | 2. 54 |
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est. There are a number of languages of France. The French language is by far the most widely spoken and the only Official language of France, but several French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The French educational system is highly centralized organised and ramified )
noun: Frenchman (for males) and Frenchwoman (for females)
As officially stated by the French government and 2001 French Census reports on the ethnological origins of the French people. Note the French government does not officially classify people by race or ethnicity, in order to encourage integration, assimilation and patriotic unity of all French people regardless of ethnic and national origins as policy since the French Revolution.
The modern French are descendants of 3 major division of "racial" or ethnological groups of white Europeans: Indigenous Celts known as the Gaul and the term "Gallic" of French pride, the Romans from the Italian Peninsula who brought in the Latin-based French language, and finally the Franks of West Germanic origins will established the Frankish kingdom, later known as France. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Th Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana or Penisola appenninica) is one of the three Peninsulas of Southern Europe French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three traditional branches of the Germanic family of Languages and include languages such as English
Ethnic groups residing in Metropolitian France:
Overseas departments and territories: Black African, white European, mulatto (mixed race), East Indian, Chinese, Malagasy (Reunion and Mayotte), Amerindian (French Guyana), Melanesian: Kanak and Futunan (New Caledonia) and Polynesian: Tahitian and Marquesan (French Polynesia). French Guiana (Guyane française officially fr ''Guyane'' is an Overseas department (French département d'outre-mer, or DOM) of France Kanak (formerly also Canaque) are the indigenous Melanesian inhabitants of New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific. For the former North American fur-trading district see New Caledonia (Canada, and for the Scottish colony in Panama see Darien scheme. French Polynesia ( French: Polynésie française, Tahitian: Pōrīnetia Farāni) is a French Overseas collectivity in the
An estimate of 10-15 million French citizens or about one-fifth of the population is of ethnic or national non-French origins. The largest of such groups are Germans, Greeks, Italians, Portuguese, Poles; and later waves of North Africans (has risen to about 6. 5 million) of Arab-Berber background.
Note they are estimates in the 2001 French Census, since the French government forbids collective data of individuals' religious faith.
Overseas departments and territories: Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, pagan and atheist. Agnosticism ( Greek: α- a-, without + γνώσις gnōsis, knowledge after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the Atheism
overseas departments: French, Créole patois adjective: French