The daimyo (大名 daimyō?) (daimyō ) were the most powerful feudal rulers from the 10th century to the early 19th century in Japan following the Shogun. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The written history of Japan begins with brief references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Histories, a collection of Chinese historical texts Though the term "daimyo" literally means "great name," the Japanese word actually comes from the words dai, meaning "large," and myo (shortened from myoden) meaning "name-land" or "private land. " From the shugo of the Muromachi period through the sengoku to the daimyo of the Edo period, the rank had a long and varied history. was a title commonly translated as "Governor" given to certain officials in feudal Japan. The Muromachi period ( Japanese: 室町時代 Muromachi-jidai, also known as the Muromachi era, the Muromachi bakufu, the Ashikaga era The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 The term "daimyo" is also sometimes used to refer to the leading figures of such clans, also called "lord". It was usually, though not exclusively, from these warlords that a shogun arose or a regent was chosen. is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor
The daimyo usually wore rich purples, ranging from dark to light depending on how high ranked they were. Dark and light purple preceded dark and light green, dark and light red, and finally black. The very highest daimyo were considered to be nobles.
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Shugo daimyo
The shugo daimyo (守護大名 shugo daimyō?) were the first group of men to hold the title "daimyo. " They arose from among the shugo during the Muromachi period. was a title commonly translated as "Governor" given to certain officials in feudal Japan. The Muromachi period ( Japanese: 室町時代 Muromachi-jidai, also known as the Muromachi era, the Muromachi bakufu, the Ashikaga era The shugo daimyo held not only military and police powers, but also economic power within a province. Before the modern prefecture system was established the land of Japan was divided into tens of kuni (国 countries) usually known in They accumulated these powers throughout the first decades of the Muromachi period.
Major shugo daimyo came from the Shiba, Hatakeyama, and Hosokawa clans, as well as the tozama clans of Yamana, Ōuchi, and Akamatsu. Aizuwakamatsu (会津若松市 -shi is a city located in the Aizu region of Fukushima, Japan. The was a Japanese clan claiming descent from the Seiwa Genji. The was a Japanese samurai clan Originally a branch of the Taira clan, and descended from Taira no Takamochi, after 1205 the Hatakeyama came to be descendants of The was a Japanese samurai clan, descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and a branch of the Minamoto clan, by the Ashikaga clan. A was a Daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan. The was a Japanese samurai clan which was one of the most powerful of the Muromachi period (1336-1467 at its peak members of the family held the position of Constable ( The was one of the most powerful and important families in Japan during the reign of the Ashikaga shogunate in the 12th to 14th centuries The was a Japanese family of direct descent from Minamoto no Morifusa. The greatest ruled multiple provinces.
The Ashikaga shogunate required the shugo daimyo to reside in Kyoto, so they appointed relatives or retainers, called shugodai, to represent them in their home provinces. was a feudal military dictatorship ruled by the Shoguns of the Ashikaga family Eventually some of these in turn came to reside in Kyoto, appointing deputies in the provinces.
The Ōnin War was a major uprising in which shugo daimyo fought each other. The was a civil war from 1467 to 1477 during the Muromachi period in Japan. During this and other wars of the time, kuni ikki, or provincial uprisings, took place as locally powerful warriors sought independence from the shugo daimyo. The Japanese, literally "single-minded leagues" were mobs of peasant farmers monks Shinto priests and local nobles, who rose up against Samurai rule The deputies of the shugo daimyo, living in the provinces, seized the opportunity to strengthen their position. At the end of the fifteenth century, those shugo daimyo who succeeded remained in power. Those who had failed to exert control over their deputies fell from power and were replaced by a new class, the "sengoku daimyo," who arose from the ranks of the shugodai and kokujin. The, also known as, were lords of smaller rural domains in feudal Japan.
Sengoku daimyo
Among the sengoku daimyo (戦国大名 sengoku daimyō?) were many who had been shugo daimyo, such as the Satake, Imagawa, Takeda, Toki, Rokkaku, Ōuchi, and Shimazu. The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. The was a Japanese clan that claimed descent from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 The was a famous clan of Daimyō (feudal lords in Japan's late Heian Period to Sengoku period. The was a powerful clan that ruled in Japan from the Kamakura period to the Edo period. The was a Japanese samurai clan which wielded considerable power in the Muromachi period under the Ashikaga shogunate. The was one of the most powerful and important families in Japan during the reign of the Ashikaga shogunate in the 12th to 14th centuries The were the Daimyō of the Satsuma han, which spread over Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga provinces in Japan. New to the ranks of daimyo were the Asakura, Amago, Nagao, Miyoshi, Chōsokabe, Jimbō, Hatano, Oda, and Matsunaga. The are descendants of Prince Kusakabe (662-689 son of Emperor Temmu (631-686 "Amago" is also a local name for the satsukimasu or red-spotted Masu salmon. The was a family of Daimyo, feudal lords who built and controlled Kasugayama Castle and the surrounding fief in what is now Niigata Prefecture The Miyoshi clan (三好氏 -shi) is a Japanese family descended from Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and the Minamoto clan (Seiwa-Genji The was a Japanese Samurai clan of the Sengoku period, that controlled Tosa Province. The was a family of Japanese Daimyo who were to become an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century These came from the ranks of the shugodai and their deputies. Additional sengoku daimyo such as the Mōri, Tamura, and Ryūzōji arose from the kokujin. Ichimonjimitsuboshisvg|thumb|right|150px| Kamon of Mōri clan Ichimonji mitsuboshi ]]The Mōri clan (毛利氏 Mōri-shi) was a family of The was a Japanese clan which claimed descent from Fujiwara Hidesato. The lower officials of the shogunate and ronin (Late Hōjō, Saitō), provincial officials (Kitabatake), and kuge (Tosa Ichijō) also gave rise to sengoku daimyo. A was a Samurai with no lord or master during the Feudal period (1185–1868 of Japan. The was one of the most powerful warrior clans in Japan in the Sengoku period and held domains primarily in the Kantō region The was a Japanese clan in Mino Province (present-day Gifu Prefecture) during the Sengoku period in the 16th century Kokushi (国司 were officials in Classical Japan sent from the central government to oversee a province from around the 8th century after the enactment of The kuge (公家 was a Japanese Aristocratic class that dominated the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto until the rise of the
Daimyo in the Edo period
After the Battle of Sekigahara in the year 1600 that marked the beginning of the Edo period, shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu reorganized roughly 200 daimyo and their territories, into the han, and rated them based on their production of rice from rice paddies. Background and pretext Even though Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified Japan and consolidated his power following the Siege of Odawara in 1590 his ill-fated The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" was the founder and first Shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate The, or domains, were the Fiefs of Feudal Lords of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their Daimyo were those who headed han assessed at 10,000 koku (50,000 bushels) or more. KOKU (1003 FM, "Hit Radio 100" is a Radio station in the United States territory of Guam. Ieyasu also categorized the daimyo according to how close they were to the ruling Tokugawa family: the shinpan were related to the Tokugawa; the fudai had been vassals of the Tokugawa or allies in battle; and the tozama who had not allied with the Tokugawa before the battle (did not necessarily fight against the Tokugawa). is a Japanese term which denotes the status of a domain 's ruler as a recognized kinsman of the Tokugawa shogun. A was a Daimyo who was considered an outsider by the rulers of Japan.
Around 1800, there were approximately 170 daimyo in Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
The shinpan were collaterals of Ieyasu, such as the Matsudaira, or descendants of Ieyasu other than in the main line of succession. The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. Several shinpan, including the Tokugawa of Owari (Nagoya), Kii (Wakayama) and Mito, as well as the Matsudaira of Fukui and Aizu, held large han. was an old province of Japan that is now the western half of present day Aichi Prefecture. is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. or Kishū (紀州 was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is today Wakayama Prefecture, as well as the southern part of WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region is the capital of Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan and has a central location moderately offset towards the coast in that prefecture WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region on Honshū is an area comprising the westernmost third of Fukushima Prefecture in Japan.
A few fudai daimyo, such as the Ii of Hikone, held large han, but many were small. The is a Japanese clan which originates in Tōtōmi Province. is a city located in Shiga, Japan. The city was incorporated on February 11, 1937. The shogunate placed many fudai at strategic locations to guard the trade routes and the approaches to Edo. literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the Also, many fudai daimyo took positions in the Edo shogunate, some rising to the position of rōjū. The, usually translated as Elder, was one of the highest-ranking government posts in Tokugawa Japan. The fact that fudai daimyo could hold government positions while tozama, in general, could not was a main difference between the two.
Tozama daimyo held large fiefs, with the Kaga han of Ishikawa Prefecture, headed by the Maeda clan, assessed at 1,000,000 koku. The was a powerful Feudal domain in Kaga, Noto and Etchū Provinces of Japan (present-day Ishikawa Prefecture and WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region on Honshū island The was a branch of the Sugawara clan who descended from Sugawara no Kiyotomo and Sugawara no Michizane in the eighth and ninth centuries Other famous tozama clans included the Mori of Chōshū, the Shimazu of Satsuma, the Date of Sendai, the Uesugi of Yonezawa, and the Hachisuka of Awa. Ichimonjimitsuboshisvg|thumb|right|150px| Kamon of Mōri clan Ichimonji mitsuboshi ]]The Mōri clan (毛利氏 Mōri-shi) was a family of often called, was a province of Japan. It was at the extreme western end of Honshū, in the area that is today Yamaguchi prefecture. The were the Daimyō of the Satsuma han, which spread over Satsuma, Ōsumi and Hyūga provinces in Japan. This article is about the province For alternative meanings of the word Satsuma, see Satsuma (disambiguation was an old province The was a lineage of Daimyo who controlled northern Japan (the Tōhoku region) in the late 16th century and into the Edo period. is the capital city of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and the largest city in the Tōhoku (northeast region The was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Fujiwara clan and particularly notable for their power in the Muromachi and Sengoku periods (roughly 14th-17th Yonezawa (米沢市 -shi is a city located in Yamagata, Japan. The are descendants of Emperor Seiwa (850-880 and are a branch of the Ashikaga clan and the Shiba clan (Seiwa Genji Awa (阿波国 -no kuni was an old province of Japan in the area that is today a part of Tokushima prefecture on Shikoku. Initially, the Tokugawa regarded them as potentially rebellious, but for most of the Edo period, marriages between the Tokugawa and the tozama, as well as control policies such as sankin kōtai, resulted in peaceful relations. Sankin kōtai (参勤交代 ("alternate attendance" was a policy of the Shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history.
Sankin kōtai
Sankin kōtai ("alternate attendance") was the system whereby the Tokugawa forced all daimyo to spend every other year at the Tokugawa court in Edo, and maintain their family members in Edo when they returned to their han. Sankin kōtai (参勤交代 ("alternate attendance" was a policy of the Shogunate during most of the Edo period of Japanese history. The, or domains, were the Fiefs of Feudal Lords of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their This increased political and fiscal control over the daimyo by Edo. As time went on in the Tokugawa period, many other systems of controlling the daimyo were put into place, such as mandatory contributions to public works such as road building. In addition, daimyo were forbidden to build ships and castles, and other shows of military power were often tightly controlled.
Upset by these controls, and often in bad economic situations because of things like sankin kotai, forced support of public works, and extravagant spending, several daimyo sided against the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Meiji Restoration.
After the Meiji Restoration
In 1869, the year after the Meiji Restoration, the daimyo, together with the kuge, formed a new aristocracy, the kazoku. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure The kuge (公家 was a Japanese Aristocratic class that dominated the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto until the rise of the The was the hereditary Peerage of the Empire of Japan that existed between 1869 and 1947 In 1871, the han were abolished and prefectures were established, thus effectively ending the daimyo era in Japan. The was an act in 1871 of the new Meiji government of the Empire of Japan to replace the traditional feudal domain ( han) system and to introduce The prefectures of Japan are the country's 47 sub-national Jurisdictions one "metropolis" (都 to) Tokyo; one " circuit In the wake of this change, many daimyo remained in control of their lands, being appointed as prefectural governors; however, they were soon relieved of this duty and called en masse to Tokyo, thereby cutting off any independent base of power from which to potentially rebel. Despite this, members of former daimyo families remained prominent in government and society, and in some cases continue to remain prominent to the present day.
See also
Resources
- World History: Patterns of Interaction
- Samurai, Chōnin and the Bakufu: Between Cultures of Frivolity and Frugality.
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