Citizendia

For other uses, see Dada (disambiguation).

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in neutral Zürich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920. A cultural movement is a change in the way a number of different disciplines approach their work Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature (poetry, art manifestoes, art theory), theatre, and graphic design, and concentrated its anti war politic through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works. The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily Visual in nature such as Painting, Photography Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter The Art manifesto has been a recurrent feature associated with the avant-garde in Modernism. Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation The term anti-war usually refers to the opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Anti-art is the definition of a work which may be exhibited or delivered in a conventional context but makes fun of serious Art or challenges the nature of art Dada activities included public gatherings, demonstrations, and publication of art/literary journals. Passionate coverage of art, politics, and culture filled their publications. The movement influenced later styles, Avant-garde and Downtown music movements, and groups including Surrealism, Nouveau Réalisme, Pop Art and Fluxus. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Downtown music is a subdivision of American music. The scene the term describes began in 1960 when Yoko Ono — one of the Fluxus artists at that time Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. Fluxus —a name taken from a Latin word meaning "to flow"—is an international network of artists composers and designers noted for blending different artistic media

“Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that lay the foundation for Surrealism. Marc Lowenthal, Translator's introduction to Francis Picabia's I Am a Beautiful Monster: Poetry, Prose, And Provocation (MIT Press 2007)”
Cover of the first edition of the publication Dada. Edited by Tristan Tzara. Zürich, 1917.
Cover of the first edition of the publication Dada. Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia ( January 22, 1879 - November 30, 1953) was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and Edited by Tristan Tzara. Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S Zürich, 1917. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the

Contents

Overview

Dada was an informal international movement, with participants in Europe and North America. The beginnings of Dada correspond to the outbreak of World War I. For many participants, the movement was a protest against the bourgeois nationalist and colonialist interests which many Dadaists believed were the root cause of the war, and against the cultural and intellectual conformity — in art and more broadly in society — that corresponded to the war. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism [1]

Hannah Höch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, 1919, collage of pasted papers, 90x144 cm, Staatliche Museum, Berlin.
Hannah Höch, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany, 1919, collage of pasted papers, 90x144 cm, Staatliche Museum, Berlin. Hannah Höch ( November 1, 1889 – May 31, 1978) was a German Dada artist Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

Many Dadaists believed that the 'reason' and 'logic' of bourgeois capitalist society had led people into war. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where They expressed their rejection of that ideology in artistic expression that appeared to reject logic and embrace chaos and irrationality. Chaos (derived from the Ancient Greek, Chaos) typically refers to Unpredictability, and is the antithesis of Cosmos. Irrationality is talking or acting without regard of Rationality. For example, George Grosz later recalled that his Dadaist art was intended as a protest "against this world of mutual destruction". George Grosz ( July 26, 1893 – July 6, 1959) was a German artist known especially for his savagely caricatural drawings [2]

According to its proponents, Dada was not art — it was "anti-art" in the sense that Dadaists protested against the contemporary academic and cultured values of art. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Anti-art is the definition of a work which may be exhibited or delivered in a conventional context but makes fun of serious Art or challenges the nature of art For everything that art stood for, Dada was to represent the opposite. Where art was concerned with traditional aesthetics, Dada ignored aesthetics. Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called If art was to appeal to sensibilities, Dada was intended to offend. Through their rejection of traditional culture and aesthetics the Dadaists hoped to destroy traditional culture and aesthetics.

A reviewer from the American Art News stated at the time that "The Dada philosophy is the sickest, most paralyzing and most destructive thing that has ever originated from the brain of man. ARTnews (originally published as American Art News) is an art Magazine, founded in 1902 and claiming a circulation of more than 200000 Paralysed redirects here For other uses see xx Paralysed (disambiguation Paralysis is the complete loss of Muscle function " Art historians have described Dada as being, in large part, "in reaction to what many of these artists saw as nothing more than an insane spectacle of collective homicide. List of countries by homicide rate Homicide ( Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut kill refers to the act of killing another "[3]

Years later, Dada artists described the movement as "a phenomenon bursting forth in the midst of the postwar economic and moral crisis, a savior, a monster, which would lay waste to everything in its path. [It was] a systematic work of destruction and demoralization. . . In the end it became nothing but an act of sacrilege. "[3]

History

Origin of the word Dada

The origin of the name Dada is unclear; some believe that it is a nonsensical word. Others maintain that it originates from the Romanian artists Tristan Tzara and Marcel Janco's frequent use of the words da, da, meaning yes, yes in the Romanian language (Engl. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S Marcel Janco ( May 24, 1895 &ndash April 21, 1984) was a Romanian born Israeli painter and architect and one of the founders Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance equivalent: yeah, yeah, as in a sarcastic or facetious yeah, right). Still others believe that a group of artists assembled in Zürich in 1916, wanting a name for their new movement, chose it at random by stabbing a French-German dictionary with a paper knife, and picking the name that the point landed upon. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Dada in French is a child's word for hobby-horse. A hobby horse (or hobby-horse) is a child's Toy Horse, particularly popular during the days before cars In French the colloquialism, c'est mon dada, means it's my hobby.

It has also been suggested that the word "dada" was chosen randomly from the Larousse dictionary. Le Petit Larousse is a French-language reference book (the Spanish-version "El Pequeño Larousse Ilustrado" and Italian-version "Il Piccolo Rizzoli

According to the Dada ideal, the movement would not be called Dadaism, much less designated an art-movement.

Zürich

In 1916, Hugo Ball, Emmy Hennings, Tristan Tzara, Jean/Hans Arp, Marcel Janco, Richard Huelsenbeck, Sophie Täuber; along with others discussed art and put on performances in the Cabaret Voltaire expressing their disgust with the war and the interests that inspired it. Hugo Ball ( February 22, 1886 – September 14, 1927) was a German author poet and was one of the leading Dada artists Emmy Hennings ( February 17, 1885 &ndash August 10 1948) was a performer and poet Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S Marcel Janco ( May 24, 1895 &ndash April 21, 1984) was a Romanian born Israeli painter and architect and one of the founders Richard Huelsenbeck ( April 23, 1892 - April 30, 1974) was a Poet, Writer and Drummer born in Frankenau Sophie Taeuber-Arp ( January 19, 1889 - January 13, 1943) (often ˈtɔɪbɚ ˈɑrp in English) was a Swiss Artist, Cabaret Voltaire was the name of a Nightclub in Zürich, Switzerland. By some accounts Dada coalesced on October 6 at the cabaret. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus

At the first public soiree at the cabaret on July 14, 1916, Ball recited the first manifesto (see text). A party is a Social gathering for Celebration and Recreation. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Tzara, in 1918, wrote a Dada manifesto considered one of the most important of the Dada writings. Other manifestos followed.

Marcel Janco recalled,

We had lost confidence in our culture. Marcel Janco ( May 24, 1895 &ndash April 21, 1984) was a Romanian born Israeli painter and architect and one of the founders Everything had to be demolished. We would begin again after the "tabula rasa". Tabula rasa ( Latin: blank slate) refers to the epistemological thesis that individual human beings are born with no built-in mental content At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.

A single issue of Cabaret Voltaire was the first publication to come out of the movement.

After the cabaret closed down, activities moved to a new gallery, and Ball left Europe. Tzara began a relentless campaign to spread Dada ideas. He bombarded French and Italian artists and writers with letters, and soon emerged as the Dada leader and master strategist. The Cabaret Voltaire has by now re-opened, and is still in the same place at the Spiegelgasse 1 in the Niederdorf. Cabaret Voltaire was the name of a Nightclub in Zürich, Switzerland.

Zürich Dada, with Tzara at the helm, published the art and literature review Dada beginning in July 1917, with five editions from Zürich and the final two from Paris.

When World War I ended in 1918, most of the Zürich Dadaists returned to their home countries, and some began Dada activities in other cities.

Berlin

The groups in Germany were not as strongly anti-art as other groups. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Their activity and art was more political and social, with corrosive manifestos and propaganda, biting satire, large public demonstrations and overt political activities. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Definition In the absence of agreement about its meaning the term "social" is used in many different senses referring among other things to attitudes The Art manifesto has been a recurrent feature associated with the avant-garde in Modernism. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human A demonstration is an historically and geographically common form of Nonviolent action by groups of people It has been suggested that this is at least partially due to Berlin's proximity to the front, and that for an opposite effect, New York's geographic distance from the war spawned its more theoretically-driven, less political nature. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous

In February 1918, Richard Huelsenbeck gave his first Dada speech in Berlin, and produced a Dada manifesto later in the year. Richard Huelsenbeck ( April 23, 1892 - April 30, 1974) was a Poet, Writer and Drummer born in Frankenau Hannah Höch and George Grosz used Dada to express post-World War I communist sympathies. Hannah Höch ( November 1, 1889 – May 31, 1978) was a German Dada artist Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Grosz, together with John Heartfield, developed the technique of photomontage during this period. John Heartfield ( June 19, 1891 – April 26, 1968) is the anglicized name of the German Photomontage artist Photomontage is the process (and result of making a composite photograph by cutting and joining a number of other photographs The artists published a series of short-lived political journals, and held the International Dada Fair in 1920. A journal (through French from late Latin diurnalis, daily has several related meanings a daily record of events or business a private

The Berlin group saw much in-fighting; Kurt Schwitters and others were excluded from the group. Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters ( 20 June 1887 - 8 January 1948) was a German painter who was born in Schwitters moved to Hanover where he developed his individual type of Dada, which he dubbed Merz. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters ( 20 June 1887 - 8 January 1948) was a German painter who was born in

The Berlin group published periodicals such as Club Dada, Der Dada, Everyman His Own Football , and Dada Almanach. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally "Jedermann sein eigner Fussball" ("Everyman His Own Football" was an illustrated bimonthly published by Malik Verlag ( Wieland Herzfelde 's

Cologne

In Cologne (Köln), Max Ernst, Johannes Theodor Baargeld and Arp launched a controversial Dada exhibition in 1920 which focused on nonsense and anti-bourgeois sentiments. Max Ernst ( 2 April 1891 &ndash 1 April 1976) was a German painter, Sculptor, Graphic artist, and Johannes Theodor Baargeld was a pseudonym of Alfred Emanuel Ferdinand Grünwald ( October 9 1892 - August 16 or 17 1927 a German Cologne's Early Spring Exhibition was set up in a pub, and required that participants walk past urinals while being read lewd poetry by a woman in a communion dress. The police closed the exhibition on grounds of obscenity, but it was re-opened when the charges were dropped. [4]

New York

Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, 1917, photograph by Alfred Stieglitz.
Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, 1917, photograph by Alfred Stieglitz. Fountain is a 1917 work by Marcel Duchamp. It is one of the pieces which he called readymades (also known as Found art Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist Alfred Stieglitz (January 1 1864 &ndash July 13 1946 was an American photographer who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making Photography an acceptable

Like Zürich, New York was a refuge for writers and artists from World War I. Soon after arriving from France in 1915, Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia met American artist Man Ray. Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist Francis-Marie Martinez Picabia ( January 22, 1879 - November 30, 1953) was a well-known painter and poet born of a French mother and Man Ray, born Emmanuel Radnitzky ( August 27 1890 &ndash November 18 1976) in Philadelphia PA and raised By 1916 the three of them became the center of radical anti-art activities in the United States. American Beatrice Wood, who had been studying in France, soon joined them. Beatrice Wood ( March 3, 1893 – March 12, 1998) was an American artist and Studio potter, who late in life was dubbed This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Much of their activity centered in Alfred Stieglitz's gallery, 291, and the home of Walter and Louise Arensberg. Alfred Stieglitz (January 1 1864 &ndash July 13 1946 was an American photographer who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making Photography an acceptable Walter Conrad Arensberg (April 4 1878 - January 29 1954 was an American art collector critic and poet

The New Yorkers, though not particularly organized, called their activities Dada, but they did not issue manifestos. They issued challenges to art and culture through publications such as The Blind Man, Rongwrong, and New York Dada in which they criticized the traditionalist basis for museum art. New York Dada lacked the disillusionment of European Dada and was instead driven by a sense of irony and humor. In his book Adventures in the arts: informal chapters on painters, vaudeville and poets Marsden Hartley included an essay on "The Importance of Being 'Dada'". Marsden Hartley (January 4 1877 - September 2 1943 was an American Modernist painter and poet in the early 20th century

During this time Duchamp began exhibiting "readymades" (found objects) such as a bottle rack, and got involved with the Society of Independent Artists. The readymades of Marcel Duchamp are ordinary manufactured objects that he selected and modified as an antidote to what he called "retinal art" Society of Independent Artists was an association of American artists founded in 1916 and based in New York. In 1917 he submitted the now famous Fountain, a urinal signed R. Fountain is a 1917 work by Marcel Duchamp. It is one of the pieces which he called readymades (also known as Found art Mutt, to the Society of Independent Artists show only to have the piece rejected. First an object of scorn within the arts community, the Fountain has since become almost canonized by some. Fountain is a 1917 work by Marcel Duchamp. It is one of the pieces which he called readymades (also known as Found art The committee presiding over Britain's prestigious Turner Prize in 2004, for example, called it "the most influential work of modern art. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Turner Prize, named after the painter JMW Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual Artist under 50 "[5] In an attempt to "pay homage to the spirit of Dada" a performance artist named Pierre Pinoncelli made a crack in The Fountain with a hammer in January 2006; he also urinated on it in 1993. Pierre Pinoncelli is a Performance artist most famous for damaging two of the eight copies of Fountain by Marcel Duchamp with a hammer as a statement that

Picabia's travels tied New York, Zürich and Paris groups together during the Dadaist period. For seven years he also published the Dada periodical 391 in Barcelona, New York City, Zürich, and Paris from 1917 through 1924. 391 was a periodical created and edited by the Dadaist Francis Picabia. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia

By 1921, most of the original players moved to Paris where Dada experienced its last major incarnation (see Neo-Dada for later activity). Neo-Dada is a label applied primarily to the Visual arts describing artwork that has similarities in method or intent to earlier Dada artwork

Paris

The French avant-garde kept abreast of Dada activities in Zürich with regular communications from Tristan Tzara (whose pseudonym means "sad in country," a name chosen to protest the treatment of Jews in his native Romania), who exchanged letters, poems, and magazines with Guillaume Apollinaire, André Breton, Max Jacob, and other French writers, critics and artists. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Tristan Tzara (born Samuel or Samy Rosenstock, also known as S Guillaume Apollinaire (in French ɡijom apɔliˈnɛʁ ( August 26, 1880 &ndash November 9, 1918) was a French Poet André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, Max Jacob ( July 12, 1876 &ndash March 5, 1944) was a French Poet, painter, Writer, and critic

Paris had arguably been the classical music capital of the world since the advent of musical Impressionism in the late 19th century. One of its practitioners, Erik Satie, collaborated with Picasso and Cocteau in a mad, scandalous ballet called Parade. Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and Parade is a Ballet with Music by Erik Satie and a one-act scenario by Jean Cocteau. First performed by the Ballet Russes in 1917, it succeeded in creating a scandal but in a different way than Stravinsky's Le Sacre du Printemps had done almost 5 years earlier. See also Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, The Ballets Russes ( French for The Russian Ballets) was a Ballet company established This article is about the ballet music For the emo/hardcore band see Rites of Spring The Rite of Spring, commonly referred This was a ballet that was clearly parodying itself, something traditional ballet patrons would obviously have serious issues with.

Dada in Paris surged in 1920 when many of the originators converged there. Inspired by Tzara, Paris Dada soon issued manifestos, organized demonstrations, staged performances and produced a number of journals (the final two editions of Dada, Le Cannibale, and Littérature featured Dada in several editions. )

The first introduction of Dada artwork to the Parisian public was at the Salon des Indépendants in 1921. The Société des Artistes Indépendants ( Society of Independent Artists) formed in Paris in summer 1884 choosing the device "No jury nor awards" ( Sans Jean Crotti exhibited works associated with Dada including a work entitled, Explicatif bearing the word Tabu. Jean Crotti ( April 24, 1878 &ndash January 30, 1958) was a French painter

The Netherlands

In The Netherlands the Dada movement centered mainly around Theo van Doesburg, most well known for establishing the De Stijl movement and magazine of the same name. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Theo van Doesburg ( Utrecht, August 30, 1883 &ndash Davos, March 7, 1931) was a Dutch artist practicing in For the album by The White Stripes see De Stijl (album. De Stijl (in English, generally də ˈstaɪl after style; from the Van Doesburg mainly focused on poetry, and included poems from many well-known Dada writers in De Stijl such as Hugo Ball, Hans Arp and Kurt Schwitters. Hugo Ball ( February 22, 1886 – September 14, 1927) was a German author poet and was one of the leading Dada artists Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters ( 20 June 1887 - 8 January 1948) was a German painter who was born in Van Doesburg became a friend of Schwitters, and together they organized the so-called Dutch Dada campaign in 1923, where Van Doesburg promoted a leaflet about Dada (entitled What is Dada?), Schwitters read his poems, Vilmos Huszàr demonstrated a mechanical dancing doll and Van Doesburg's wife, Nelly, played avant-garde compositions on piano. Vilmos Huszár (1884 Budapest, Hungary - 1960 Hierden, The Netherlands) was a Hungarian painter and Designer Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard

Van Doesburg wrote Dada poetry himself in De Stijl, although under a pseudonym, I. K. Bonset, which was only revealed after his death in 1931. 'Together' with I. K. Bonset, he also published a short-lived Dutch Dada magazine called Mécano. Dutch culture or culture of the Netherlands is diverse reflecting regional differences as well as the foreign influences thanks to the merchant and exploring spirit

Georgia

Although Dada itself was unknown in Georgia until at least 1920, from 1917-1921 a group of poets called themselves "41st Degree" (referring both to the latitude of Tbilisi, Georgia and to the temperature of a high fever) organized along Dadaist lines. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari The most important figure in this group was Iliazd, whose radical typographical designs visually echo the publications of the Dadaists. Ilia Mikhailovich Zdanevich ( April 21, 1894 &ndash December 25, 1975) was a Russian Writer and Artist associated After his flight to Paris in 1921, he collaborated with Dadaists on publications and events.

Poetry; music and sound

Dada was not confined to the visual and literary arts; its influence reached into sound and music. Kurt Schwitters developed what he called sound poems and composers such as Erwin Schulhoff, Hans Heusser and Albert Savinio wrote Dada music, while members of Les Six collaborated with members of the Dada movement and had their works performed at Dada gatherings. Kurt Hermann Eduard Karl Julius Schwitters ( 20 June 1887 - 8 January 1948) was a German painter who was born in Erwin Schulhoff ( June 8, 1894 – August 18, 1942) was a Composer and Pianist. Les Six is a name inspired by The Five, given in 1923 by critic Henri Collet in an article titled ‘Les cinq Russes les The above mentioned Erik Satie dabbled with Dadaist ideas throughout his career although he is primarily associated with musical Impressionism. Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s

In the very first Dada publication, Hugo Ball describes a "balalaika orchestra playing delightful folk-songs. Hugo Ball ( February 22, 1886 – September 14, 1927) was a German author poet and was one of the leading Dada artists " African music and jazz was common at Dada gatherings, signaling a return to nature and naive primitivism. The music of Africa is as vast and varied as the continent's many regions, nations and Ethnic groups Although there is no distinctly pan-African Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Primitivism refers to a an artistic movement in particular which originated as a reaction to the Enlightenment, or b the general tendency to idealize any social behavior

Legacy

The Janco Dada Museum, named after Marcel Janco, in Ein Hod, Israel
The Janco Dada Museum, named after Marcel Janco, in Ein Hod, Israel
See also: Postmodernism#Notable_philosophical_and_literary_contributors

While broad, the movement was unstable. Marcel Janco ( May 24, 1895 &ndash April 21, 1984) was a Romanian born Israeli painter and architect and one of the founders Ein Hod (עין הוד is a communal settlement in northern Israel For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism By 1924 in Paris, Dada was melding into surrealism, and artists had gone on to other ideas and movements, including surrealism, social realism and other forms of modernism. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Social Realism, also known as Socio-Realism, is an Artistic movement, expressed in the visual and other realist arts, which depicts Working class Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Some theorists argue that Dada was actually the beginning of postmodern art. Postmodern art is a term used to describe art which is thought to be in contradiction to some aspect of Modernism, or to have emerged or developed in its aftermath [6]

By the dawn of World War II, many of the European Dadaists had fled or emigrated to the United States. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Some died in death camps under Hitler, who persecuted the kind of "Degenerate art" that Dada represented. Degenerate art is the English translation of the German entartete Kunst, a term adopted by the Nazi The movement became less active as post-World War II optimism led to new movements in art and literature.

Dada is a named influence and reference of various anti-art and political and cultural movements including the Situationists and culture jamming groups like the Cacophony Society. Anti-art is the definition of a work which may be exhibited or delivered in a conventional context but makes fun of serious Art or challenges the nature of art Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic The Situationist International ( SI) was a small group of international political and artistic Agitators with roots in Marxism, Lettrism and the A precise definition of culture jamming is elusive It has been called a Resistance movement to Cultural hegemony, whereas some say the defining theme of culture jamming The Cacophony Society is “a randomly gathered network of Free spirits united in the pursuit of experiences beyond the pale of mainstream society.

At the same time that the Zürich Dadaists made noise and spectacle at the Cabaret Voltaire, Vladimir Lenin wrote his revolutionary plans for Russia in a nearby apartment. Cabaret Voltaire was the name of a Nightclub in Zürich, Switzerland. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending He was unappreciative of the artistic revolutionary activity near him. Tom Stoppard used this coincidence as a premise for his play Travesties (1974), which includes Tzara, Lenin, and James Joyce as characters. Sir Tom Stoppard OM, CBE (born 3 July 1937 is a British Screenwriter playwright Travesties is a comedic play by Tom Stoppard, first produced at the Aldwych Theatre, London, on June 10, 1974 James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the

The Cabaret Voltaire fell into disrepair until it was occupied from January to March, 2002, by a group proclaiming themselves neo-Dadaists, led by Mark Divo. Neo-Dada is a label applied primarily to the Visual arts describing artwork that has similarities in method or intent to earlier Dada artwork Mark Divo (born 1966 is a Luxemburgeois Conceptual artist and Curator who organises large scale Interactive art projects incorporating the work [7] The group included Jan Thieler, Ingo Giezendanner, Aiana Calugar, Lennie Lee and Dan Jones. Jan Theiler alias Pastor Leumund, born 1967 Germany In the 1990s he was an influential curator performance artist and musician on the underground scene organising large-scale Ingo Giezendanner (1975- is a painter and Installation artist and member of the Kroesos Foundation. Lennie Lee (born March 4, 1958) is a South African Conceptual artist who lives and works in London. For the Silverchair frontman see Daniel Johns. Daniel Jones is the name of Daniel Jones (phonetician (1881&ndash1967 After their eviction the space became a museum dedicated to the history of Dada. The work of Lennie Lee and Dan Jones remained on the walls of the museum. Lennie Lee (born March 4, 1958) is a South African Conceptual artist who lives and works in London. For the Silverchair frontman see Daniel Johns. Daniel Jones is the name of Daniel Jones (phonetician (1881&ndash1967

Several notable retrospectives have examined the influence of Dada upon art and society. Retrospective (from Latin retrospectare, "look back" generally means to take a look back at events that already have taken place In 1967, a large Dada retrospective was held in Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city In 2006, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City held a Dada exhibition in collaboration with the National Gallery of Art in Washington D. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth This article is about the National Gallery of the United States for other National Galleries see National Gallery. C. and the Centre Pompidou in Paris. Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement

Early practitioners

For a more complete list of Dadaists, see List of Dadaists. The following is a list of Dadaists. It includes those who are generally classed into different movements but have created some Dadaist works

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ Richter, Hans (1965), Dada: Art and Anti-art, Oxford Univ Press 
  2. ^ Schneede, Uwe M. (1979), George Grosz, His life and work, Universe Books 
  3. ^ a b Fred S. Kleiner; Christin J. Mamiya (2005). Gardner's Art Through the Ages, 12th edition, Wadsworth Publishing, page 980.  
  4. ^ Schaefer, Robert A. (September 7, 2006), “Das Ist Dada–An Exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in NYC”, Double Exposure, <http://www.doubleexposure.com/DadaExhibit.shtml> 
  5. ^ "Duchamp's urinal tops art survey", BBC News December 1, 2004. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
  6. ^ Locher, David (1999). "Unacknowledged Roots and Blatant Imitation: Postmodernism and the Dada Movement". Electronic Journal of Sociology 4 (1).  
  7. ^ 2002 occupation by neo-Dadaists Prague Post

External links

Manifestos

Dictionary

dada

-noun

  1. (childish) father

Dada

-noun

  1. A cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920. The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature (mainly poetry), theatre, and graphic design, and was characterized by nihilism, deliberate irrationality, disillusionment, cynicism, chance, randomness, and the rejection of the prevailing standards in art.
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