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Düren
Coat of armsLocation
Coat of arms of Düren
Düren (Germany)
Düren
Administration
CountryFlag of Germany Germany
StateNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. regionCologne
DistrictDüren
Town subdivisions15
MayorPaul Larue (CDU)
Basic statistics
Area85. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Cologne is one of the five governmental districts of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' Düren is a Kreis (district in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 02 km² (32. 8 sq mi)
Elevation125 m  (410 ft)
Population90,181  (31/12/2006)
 - Density1,061 /km² (2,747 /sq mi)
Other information
Time zoneCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plateDN
Postal codes52349/52351/52353/52355
Area code02421
Websitewww.dueren.de

Coordinates: 50°48′00″N 6°29′00″E / 50.8, 6.483333

Düren is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, capital of Düren district. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the Düren is a Kreis (district in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located between Aachen and Cologne on the river Rur. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, The Rur -German in Dutch and French Roer, &mdash not to be confused with the Ruhr &mdash is a river in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands

Contents

History

Romans

The history of Düren probably started more than 2000 years ago. Before Christ's birth, the Celts already lived here. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts They called their small settlement Durum (meaning castle). A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. After the Celts other Germanic tribes settled this area. The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic They were conquered by the Romans under Julius Caesar. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial

Durum became a supply area for the rapidly growing Roman city of Cologne. Furthermore, a few important Roman roads skirt Durum (including the road from Cologne to Jülich and Tongeren and the road from Cologne to Zülpich and Trier). Jülich (in old spellings also known as Guelich or Gülich, cf Tongeren ( French: Tongres, German: Tongern) is a City and municipality located in the province of Limburg Zülpich is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany between Aachen and Bonn. Trier (Trèves Luxembourgish: Tréier; Augusta Treverorum is a City in Germany on the banks of the Moselle River. the Romans remained in the area for about 400 years. The name "villa duria" occurred the first time in the Frankish Annals in the year 747. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Annals ( Latin Annales, from annus, a year are a concise form of historical writing which record events chronologically year by year

After the authority of the Romans, in the 5th century the Franks came to Düren. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Frankishking Pippin der Kleine (Pippin the Short) often visited Düren in the 8th century and held a few important conventions. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Pepin or Pippin (714 &ndash 24 September 768) called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Pippin was the father of the famous emperor Charlemagne. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Franks made of Durum a royal palace, from which the name Palatine (Pfalz in German) is derived. Pfalz may refer to the German name for Palatinate several historic states of the Holy Roman Empire (e Charlemagne sojourned a few times there. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The castle was built at the place where the Saint Anne Church is located today. Saint Anne (also Ann or Anna of David's house and line was the mother of the Virgin Mary, according to Christian tradition Due to the frequent visits of Charlemagne, a few markets sprang up, such as the corn market, cattle market, wood market, chicken market, and butter market, all of which contributed to Düren's development.

Middle Ages

Düren obtained city rights in the early 13th century. 'City rights' redirects here See also Municipal charter. Town privileges were important features of European Towns during Around 1200, the construction of the city wall was started, which includes 12 towers and 5 gates. The gates faced all directions: in the north, the Philippstor) and the Wirteltor, in the east the Kölntor (Cologne gate), in the south the Obertor and in the west the Holztor (wooden gate). There are still ruins of the gates today.

The chiseler Leonhard stole a small box with the relic of Saint Anne out of the Mainzer Stiftskirche St. Saint Anne (also Ann or Anna of David's house and line was the mother of the Virgin Mary, according to Christian tradition Stephan in 1501 and brought it to Düren. Pope Julius II decided on March 18 1506 that Düren could keep the remains. Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 &ndash 21 February 1513 born Giuliano Della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513 Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor They were kept in the Martinskirche (church of Saint Martin) which was renamed the Annakirche (church of Saint Anne) in 1505. Saint Martin is a tropical Island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km (186 miles east of Puerto Rico. (Probably the church was renamed much later, because in the 19th century it was still called sometimes parish church of the holy Martinus). Saint Anne became the patron saint of Düren. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Every year, the saint's day of Saint Anne (July 26) is celebrated for one week with the Anna octavos and the Anna parish fair, one of the biggest folk festivals of Germany. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

17th to 19th century

In 1642, Düren was embroiled in the Thirty Years' War. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Opposing troops destroyed the city. After the war has finally ended in 1648, plague broke out and caused many lives to be lost. Bubonic plague is the best-known manifestation of the bacterial disease plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis (formerly known as A second plague epidemic broke out in 1665. Due to the various attacks on the debilitated city, Düren as destroyed again in 1679. In this time, the settlement Miesheim was destroyed, never to be rebuilt.

Towards the end of the year 1755 in the area around Düren and Aachen began a series of earthquakes, which reached its peak on February 18 1756 with an earthquake with the strength 8 on the Mercalli scale. Year 1755 ( MDCCLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy The Mercalli intensity scale is a scale used for measuring the intensity of an Earthquake. The series of earthquakes affected all of Europe, most famously the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The 1755 Lisbon earthquake, also known as the Great Lisbon Earthquake, took place on November 1 1755 at around 940 in the morning

The businesses in the area of Düren was affected since the 15th century by the drapery and metal industry. Drapery refers to Cloths or Textiles ( Old French drap, from Late Latin drappus) used for decorative purposes--such on windows--or to Since the beginning of the 17th century, paper industry had settled here, advantaged by the exceptionally soft water of the Rur. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Soft water the term used to describe types of Water that contain few or no Calcium or Magnesium metal cations. The Rur -German in Dutch and French Roer, &mdash not to be confused with the Ruhr &mdash is a river in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands Rütger von Scheven built the first paper mill in Düren. A paper mill is a Factory devoted to making Paper from wood pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus In 1812, there were already 17 paper facotries, 11 cloth- and blanket factories, one masticator and two iron foundries. Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

In the year 1794, Düren was occupied by French revolutionary troops. Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an From 1798 until 1814, Düren was the main city of the same named canton in the arrondissement Aachen of the French Roerdepartements (from the name of the River Rur (Roer) and départment). Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Düren was ceded to the Kingdom of Prussia and was subsequently administered within the Rhine Province. The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz also known as Rhenish Prussia ( Rheinpreußen) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free

20th century

By 1900, Düren was among Germany's richest cities (with 42 millionaires and 93 factories) and had a population of 27,168. By comparison, less than 5000 people had lived in Düren a century earlier.

The city of Düren was located on the main fighting front during the Allied invasion of Germany in World War II. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During 1944 and 1945, the protracted and bloody Battle for Hürtgenwald was fought on Düren's district area, and on November 16 1944, Düren was completely destroyed by Allied air bombings. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published The aerial bombing of cities began in 1911 developed through World War I, grew to a vast scale in World War II, and continues to the present day Approximately 22,000 people lived in Düren at that time, and 3,000 of them died during the bombing. Those who survived were evacuated to central Germany. Emergency evacuation is the movement of people from a dangerous place due to the threat or occurrence of a disastrous event

On February 25 1945, U.S. troops crossed the Rur at Düren. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Rur -German in Dutch and French Roer, &mdash not to be confused with the Ruhr &mdash is a river in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands After the war was over in the summer that year, many evacuated people came back to the destroyed city and started to rebuild their homes against the advice of the American troops. By June 1945, the population had risen to 3806. Most of the architecture in Düren therefore dates from the 1950s.

Emblem

The emblem of the city of Düren is divided. It shows on the top a red castle, below that, a black eagle and in the lower half a black lion with a red tongue. The black eagle refers to the old history of Düren as a royal city and Reichsstadt. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash In 1242-46 Düren was bonded to the dukes of Jülich (later, Napoleon was also Duke of Jülich). Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Their emblem was a lion rampant, with open mouth and a red tongue.

Twin cities

Düren has 7 twin cities:

Media

Düren has its own radio station (Radio Rur). Valenciennes (Old Dutch: Valencijn, Latin: Valentianae) is a Town and commune in northern France in the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Cormeilles is a commune and the seat of a canton in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern Altmünster is a market town located about 3 kilometres south of Gmunden in Upper Austria, on the west shore of the Traunsee. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Stryi (Стрий Polish: Stryj also known as Stryy Stryia and Stry is a City located on the left bank of the Stryi River in the Lviv Oblast Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Gradačac ( Cyrillic: Градачац is a town and municipality in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, located roughly south of the Sava Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Administrative divisions The prefecture-level city of Jinhua administers 9 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 4 county-level cities and China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National North Kingstown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The station broadcasts on 92. 7 and 107. 5 MHz, and on cable at 87. 5 MHz. There are two daily newspapers (Dürener Zeitung, Dürener Nachrichten) and several weekly papers.

Celebrities

External links

Manfred Donike (born August 23, 1933, in Cologne &ndash died August 21, 1995, on a flight from Frankfurt am Main to Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Karl-Heinz Schnellinger (born March 31, 1939 in Düren) is a former German footballer. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Football Club Internazionale Milano, most commonly referred to as simply Internazionale, or Inter, is an Italian professional football club Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Harald Anton Schumacher (born March 6, 1954 in Düren, West Germany) commonly known as Toni Schumacher, was a football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Wilfried Hannes (born 17 May 1957 in Echtz) is a former German football player and manager known for achieving his career despite being visually impaired Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Lars Vogt ( September 8, 1970, in Düren Germany) is a German Concert pianist. A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor.
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