Cumberland
Ancient extent of Cumberland
Geography
Status	Administrative county (1889-1974) Ceremonial county (until 1974)
1831 area	969,490 acres (3,923. An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies 4 km²)[1]
1911 area	973,086 acres (3,937. 94 km²)[2]
1961 area	973,146 acres (3,938. 18 km²)[2]
HQ	Carlisle
Chapman code	CUL
History
Origin	Historic
Created	In antiquity
Succeeded by	Cumbria
Demography
1911 population - 1911 density	265,746[2] 0. Chapman codes are largely a superset of the ISO 3166-2GB and BS 6879 codes identifying administrative divisions in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy 27/acre
1961 population - 1961 density	294,303[2] 0. 3/acre
Politics
Governance	Cumberland County Council (1889-1974)
Arms of Cumberland County Council
Subdivisions
Type	Wards (ancient)

Cumberland is one of the 39 historic counties of England. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1915) and now forms part of Cumbria. Administrative counties were a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government from 1889 to 1974 Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy

Early history

At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 most of the county was part of Scotland although some villages in the far south west were included in the Yorkshire section with the Furness region. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England.

The historic county boundaries formed by the 12th Century were with Northumberland and County Durham to the east, Westmorland to the south, the Furness part of Lancashire to the south-west, Dumfriesshire in Scotland to the north and Roxburghshire in Scotland to the north-east. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west Westmorland (formerly also spelt Westmoreland, an even older spelling is Westmerland) is an area of north-west England and one of the 39 Historic counties Furness (ˈfɘˑnəs is a Peninsula in the southern part of Cumbria, in north-west England. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Dumfriesshire or the County of Dumfries ( Siorrachd Dhùn Phris in Gaelic) is a Registration county of Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh is a Registration county of Scotland. Ullswater formed part of the border with Westmorland. Ullswater is the second largest Lake in the English Lake District, being approximately 9 miles (14

The highest point of the county is Scafell Pike at 978 m (3,208 ft); it is the highest mountain in England. |} At 978 metres (3209 feet Scafell Pike is the highest mountain in England. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak Carlisle is the historic county town of the county. Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland.

Division into wards

The county was divided into five wards, rather than the hundreds found in most English counties. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district The wards were:

• Allerdale above Derwent
• Allerdale below Derwent
• Cumberland
• Eskdale
• Leath

Modern history

In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888, a county council was created for Cumberland, taking over administrative functions from the Quarter Sessions. The ward of Cumberland was one of the ancient divisions of the historic county of Cumberland, England. Not to be confused with Lethe. Leath was one of the wards of the ancient county of Cumberland in north west The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough The Courts of Quarter Sessions or Quarter Sessions were periodic courts held in each County and County borough in England and Wales until The Local Government Act 1894 further divided the county into urban districts and rural districts. The Local Government Act 1894 (56 & 57 Vict c 73 created a system of Urban districts and Rural districts with elected councils in all areas of England

Carlisle was created a county borough in 1915 and no longer formed part of the area under the control of the county council, or administrative county. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government.

In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county and county borough were abolished and their former area was combined with Westmorland and parts of Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire to form the new county of Cumbria. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales Westmorland (formerly also spelt Westmoreland, an even older spelling is Westmerland) is an area of north-west England and one of the 39 Historic counties Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy The area from Cumberland went on to form the districts of Carlisle, Allerdale, Copeland and part of Eden. The City of Carlisle is a local government district with city status in Cumbria, England. Allerdale is a local government district with borough status in Cumbria, England. for the constituency of the same name see Copeland (UK Parliament constituency Copeland is a local government district and Eden is a local government district in Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Penrith.

The distribution of population in 1971 was as follows: ^[3]

Legacy

Map of Cumberland, 1824

The name continues in use as a geographical and cultural term, and survives in Cumberland sausages, Cumberland County Cricket Club and various organisations and companies, such as the local newspapers The Cumberland News, and The West Cumberland Times and Star, and the Cumberland Building Society. Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. Cockermouth is a town within the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England, and is so named because it is at the confluence of the River Cocker Keswick (pronounced "kez-ick" /ˈkɛzɪk/ is a Market town within the district of Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Maryport is a town within the Allerdale borough of Cumbria, England, in the historic county of Cumberland. Penrith is a Market town in the county of Cumbria, England. It is in the Eden Valley just north of the River Eamont, and lies less than For the neighbourhood in Memphis Tennessee see Whitehaven Memphis. Http//uploadwikimediaorg/wikipedia/en/a/ab/Workingtonjpg Workington is a town and port on the west coast of Cumbria, England at the mouth of the Alston Moor is an area of moorland and Civil parish in Cumbria, England, based around the small town of Alston. Border was a Rural district in Cumberland, England from 1934 to 1974 Cockermouth was a Rural district in Cumberland, England from 1894 to 1974 Ennerdale was a Rural district in the county of Cumberland in England from 1934 to 1974 Millom was a Rural district in Cumberland in England from 1934 to 1974 Penrith was a Rural district within the Administrative county of Cumberland, England that existed Wigton was a Rural district in Cumberland, England from 1894 to 1974 Cumberland Sausages are a type of traditional Sausage that originated in the ancient county of Cumberland, England. Cumberland County Cricket Club is one of the county clubs which make up the Minor Counties in the English domestic Cricket structure representing The Cumberland Building Society was established on 16th April 1850 as the Cumberland Co-operative Land and Benefit Building Society

In June 1994, during the 1990s UK local government reform, the Local Government Commission published draft recommendations, suggesting as one option a North Cumbria unitary authority (also including Appleby, the historic county town of Westmorland). The structure of Local government in the United Kingdom underwent large changes in the 1990s See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions Appleby-in-Westmorland is a town in Cumbria in North West England. It also suggested that Cumberland could be reinstated as an independent ceremonial county. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies The final recommendations, published in October 1994, did not include such recommendations, apparently due to lack of expression of support for the proposal to the commission.

As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Grass-of-Parnassus as the county flower. Plantlife is a wild plant conservation charity founded in 1989 Parnassia palustris is a Species of the Genus Parnassia. It is the County flower of Cumberland and In a number of countries plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas Parnassus flowers had been associated with the county since 1951, when they were included in the coat of arms granted to the Cumberland County Council. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people They subsequently featured in the arms granted to Cumbria County Council and Copeland Borough Council, in both cases to represent Cumberland. for the constituency of the same name see Copeland (UK Parliament constituency Copeland is a local government district and

Bibliography

• Cumberland Heritage by Molly Lefebure (Chapters include Camden, Briathwaite, Millbeck, Fellwalkers, Carlisle Canal, Armboth, John Peel (Farmer) and The Blencathra), with endpaper maps of old Cumberland. Molly Leferbure is a British writer who has an interest in the English Lake District. Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. John Robert Parker Ravenscroft, OBE (30 August 1939 – 25 October 2004 known professionally as John Peel, was an English Disc jockey, radio |} Blencathra is one of the most northerly mountains in the English Lake District. ^[4]

References

External links

• CUMBERLAND, England - History and Description, 1868