Cosworth Logo

Cosworth is an automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 specialising in engines for automobile racing. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It It supplies a wide range of motorsport series, including the World Rally Championship and, until the end of 2006, Formula One. History Early The World Rally Championship was formed from well-known international rallies nine of which were previously part of the International Championship Cosworth is based in Northampton, England, with a North American facility in Torrance, California. This article is about Northampton in England for other places of the same name see Northampton (disambiguation Northampton ( is a large Market Torrance is a city located in the " South Bay " (southwestern region of Los Angeles County California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

Starting from 1963, Cosworth ran a long and distinguished career in Formula 1. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 2006 two Formula 1 teams were supplied with Cosworth engines: the Williams team using Cosworth V8 engines, transmissions and associated electronics, and the Scuderia Toro Rosso team using rev-limited Cosworth V10s based on 2005 spec engines. Not to be confused with Frank Williams Racing Cars, formed by Frank Williams 1967 A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other Scuderia Toro Rosso ( Italian for Team Red Bull) is a Formula One racing team owned in a 50/50 partnership between the drinks company Red Bull A V10 engine is a V engine with 10 cylinders in two banks of five The end of the 2006 F1 season marked the end of Cosworth's remarkable 43 year association with the series as no team opted to use Cosworth for 2007. Cosworth left the sport as the second most successful engine manufacturer ever to race in F1, only behind Ferrari in grand prix victories. Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing

Initially Cosworth was an independent company, then part of UEI and subsequently Vickers. Despite its long association with Ford, it was a subsidiary of Ford for only a very short time. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following The company was split into Technology and Racing divisions; the Racing division that retains the Cosworth name is now owned by Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven. Gerald (Gerry Forsythe (born in Marshall Illinois) is an American businessman and Auto racing magnate best known for being one of the three men ( Kevin Oscar Newton Kalkoven, former CEO of JDS Uniphase, is an Australian venture capitalist and Auto racing magnate based in Menlo Park California

A Ford Cosworth DFV on a Ligier JS11

Since leaving F1, Cosworth has committed itself to its Ford inline-4 Duratec program. The DFV was an Engine produced by Cosworth originally for Formula One motor racing Ligier is a French Automobile maker created by former racing driver and rugby player Guy Ligier. The Duratec is a range of four, six and twelve -cylinder Gasoline engines used in Ford cars It has also started to supply complete high performance Subaru EJ25 engines and components for Subaru Impreza, as well as components for Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution and Nissan vehicles with the VQ35 engine. The Subaru EJ engine is a series of automotive engines manufactured by Subaru, a division of Fuji Heavy Industries introduced mid 1989 for the 1st generation Legacy The Subaru Impreza' is a Compact car that was first introduced by Subaru in 1993 The Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution, colloquially known as the Lancer Evo, or Evo, is a car manufactured by Mitsubishi Motors. The VQ engine is a 20 L to 40 L V6 Piston engine from Nissan.

Corporate history

The original company was founded as a British racing engine maker in 1958 by Mike Costin and Keith Duckworth (1933-2005 [1]) (COStin and duckWORTH). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Mike Costin was together with Keith Duckworth the co-founder of Cosworth Engineering, a producer of Ford -based and Ford-sponsored engines David Keith Duckworth, ( August 10 1933 &ndash December 19 2005) was an English mechanical engineer. Despite being an independent company Cosworth was supported by Ford for many years and most of the Cosworth engines were branded Ford. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following

The company has been through a number of changes of ownership. After Keith Duckworth decided he didn't want to be involved with the day-to-day business of running a growing company he sold out to United Engineering Industries (UEI) in 1980, retaining his life presidency and day-to-day technical involvement with Cosworth and becoming a UEI board director; UEI was a group of small to medium-sized technology companies which was taken over by Carlton Communications in 1988 - Carlton was primarily interested in some of the audio-visual companies in the UEI portfolio and Cosworth was a poor fit with these; a new buyer for the company in the engineering/automotive sector was sought and the traditional engineering company Vickers plc bought Cosworth in 1990. David Keith Duckworth, ( August 10 1933 &ndash December 19 2005) was an English mechanical engineer. Carlton Communications Limited (previously Carlton Communications plc was a British media company Please refer to the overview article Vickers for other companies known by this name Vickers plc was the remainder of Vickers Armstrong Limited In 1998 Vickers sold the company to Volkswagen Group, who remodelled Cosworth into two separate companies, Cosworth Racing and Cosworth Technology. Volkswagen Group, or Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft (German (listed as Volkswagen AG) is a German automobile manufacturing group currently VW then signed a deal with Ford, selling them the racing division which had long made racing engines for Ford. Cosworth Technology (also known as CT) offers powertrain development consultancy, and its patented aluminium casting process is used by several car makers including Audi and Aston Martin. AUDI AG, ( Xetra: NSU commonly known as Audi (aˈʊdi is a German Automobile manufacturer which produces Audi branded cars with headquarters Aston Martin Lagonda Limited is a British manufacturer of luxury performance cars, whose headquarters are at Gaydon, England. Volkswagen sold CT to the Mahle GmbH in December 2004. T Mahle GmbH is one of the 50 largest automotive suppliers worldwide

In September 2004, Ford announced that it was selling Cosworth Racing, along with its Jaguar Formula One team. Complete Formula One results ( key) (results in bold indicate pole position On November 15, 2004, the sale of Cosworth was completed, to Champ Car World Series owners Gerald Forsythe and Kevin Kalkhoven, who renamed Cosworth Racing to Cosworth. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis Gerald (Gerry Forsythe (born in Marshall Illinois) is an American businessman and Auto racing magnate best known for being one of the three men ( Kevin Oscar Newton Kalkoven, former CEO of JDS Uniphase, is an Australian venture capitalist and Auto racing magnate based in Menlo Park California

Engines

Association with Ford

Cosworth has had a long relationship with Ford, which began when Cosworth first started manufacturing racing engines in 1959. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following These were modified versions of the 1,000 cc (61 cu in) Ford Kent engine for Formula Junior. The Ford Kent is an Internal combustion engine from Ford of Europe. Formula Junior is a Formula racing class first adopted in October 1958 by the CSI ( International Sporting Commission, the part of the FIA Cosworth began its associating with Lotus Cars by boring the Kent out to 1,340 cc (82 cu in) for the Lotus 7. Lotus Cars is a British manufacturer of sports and racing cars based at Hethel, Norfolk, England. See also Caterham Seven The Lotus Seven was a small simple lightweight two-seater open-top Sports car produced by Lotus Cars (initially called 1,500 cc (92 cu in) and 1,600 cc (98 cu in) units were developed in 1963 for use in Formula B and sports car racing, as well as for powering the Lotus Cortina. A sports car is a term used to describe a class of Automobile. The Lotus-Cortina was a high-performance car, the result of collaboration between Ford and Lotus. The final evolution of the Cosworth-Kent, in 1965, was the MAE, when new rules where introduced in Formula 3 allowing 1,000 cc (61 cu in) engines. Formula Three, also called Formula 3 or F3, is a class of open-wheel formula racing. The domination of this engine was absolute as long as these regulations lasted. As Cosworth had some difficulty facing the demand, the MAE was mainly sold as a kit.

A year before the introduction of the MAE the SCA was introduced, a 1,000 cc (61 cu in) engine based on a Ford Cortina 116E block that raced in Formula 2, and featured the first totally Cosworth-designed head. The Ford Cortina is a mid sized family car built by Ford of Britain in various guises from 1962 to 1982 Formula Two, abbreviated to F2, was a type of Formula racing.

The FVA series

The Cortina engine was also the basis for the FVA, an F2 engine introduced in 1966, for the new 1. 6 L engine rules. This engine dominated the category until 1971, and was also used in sports car racing in 1. 8 L form as the FVC. The FVA was notable for being part of the same Ford contract that gave rise to the DFV; the cylinder head on the FVA pioneered many of Duckworth's ideas that would be used on the V8.

A larger engine was designed for endurance racing in the mid 1970s, the FVC. Displacing 1,976 cc (120. 6 cu in), it was distinguished by having gear-driven cams and a gear-driven alternator (to power lighting in night races) built into the cylinder head. The FVC produced only 275 hp (205 kW), down from the 325 hp (242 kW) that other twin-cam four cylinders such as the Hart 420S produced but was more reliable. One was campaigned in the USA's CanAm series in 1978 in the Osprey SR-1, built and driven by Dan Hartill.

The DFV (Double Four Valve)

Main article: Cosworth DFV

A Ford-Cosworth DFV installed in the back of a Lotus 49. The DFV was an Engine produced by Cosworth originally for Formula One motor racing The Lotus 49 was a Formula One racing car designed by Colin Chapman and Maurice Philippe for the 1967 F1 season

In 1966 Colin Chapman (Lotus Cars founder and principal of Team Lotus) persuaded Ford to bankroll Keith Duckworth's design for a new lightweight 3,000 cc (180 cu in) Formula 1 engine. Anthony Colin Bruce Chapman ( 19 May 1928 - 16 December 1982) was an influential British designer inventor and builder in the automotive Lotus Cars is a British manufacturer of sports and racing cars based at Hethel, Norfolk, England. 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Cosworth received the order along with the £100,000 that Ford felt it adequate to spend on such an objective. The contract stipulated that a four-cylinder Ford-based F2 engine would be developed as proof of concept (see the FVA above) and that a pure Cosworth V8 would be built based on this. The DFV design used a similar cylinder head to the one Duckworth had prototyped on the four-cylinder FVA units on a custom Cosworth block and crankcase, forming a single 90° V8 engine, thus creating a legend in its own right, the DFV (standing for "double four valve"). A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other In Automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve (or multivalve) when each cylinder has more than two valves. This engine and its derivatives were used for a quarter of a century, and it was the most successful in the history of Formula 1/Grand Prix motor racing. Grand Prix motor racing has its roots in organised automobile racing that began in France as far back as 1894 Winning 167 races in a career lasting over 20 years, it was the product that put Cosworth Engineering on the map. Although originally designed for Formula One, the engine has been modified to be used in a range of categories.

The DFV won on its first outing, at the 1967 Dutch Grand Prix in the hands of Jim Clark, fitted to a Lotus 49, and from 1968 was available for purchase to any F1 team that wished it. The Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula One automobile race held at Circuit Zandvoort, from 1952 to 1985 Jim (or Jimmy) Clark OBE ( 4 March, 1936 &ndash 7 April, 1968) was a Scottish Formula One 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. During the 1970s it was not uncommon for almost the entire field (with the notable exception of Ferrari) to be using one of these engines (this at a time when independent wealthy individuals could buy exactly the same engine off the shelf that was also being used by McLaren et al). Ferrari SpA is an Italian Sports car manufacturer based in Maranello, Italy McLaren, founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren (1937&ndash1970 is a Formula One team based in Woking, Surrey, UK Most teams just built a tub around a Cosworth DFV and a Hewland gearbox. Founded by Mike Hewland in 1957, Hewland is a British engineering company specialising in racing car Gearboxes Hewland were the first company It won a record-holding 155 World Championship races, the last being Detroit in 1983, powering a Tyrrell driven by Michele Alboreto. Lower Formulae (1958 - 1967 Tyrrell Racing first came into being in 1958 running Formula Three cars for Ken Tyrrell and local stars Career 1976-1981 Junior Formulae Michele Alboreto started his career in 1976 racing in Formula Monza with a car he and his friends built known as the "CMR"

Although the DFV (Bore 3. 373" Stroke 2. 555" Displacement 2,992. 98 cc) with 410 bhp @ 9,000 rpm did not produce as much power as some of its rival 12-cylinder engines, it was lighter resulting in a better power/weight ratio. In addition to being lighter, it was also made a structural part of the car itself, by placing load bearing arms to stress the block. These design aspects appealed tremendously to the genius of Colin Chapman who utilized them to the fullest extent.

The DFY, introduced in 1982 was a further evolution of the DFV for Formula One, with a shorter stroke and a DFL bore (Bore 3. 543" Stroke 2. 316" Displacement 2,993. 38 cc) with 520 bhp @ 11,000 rpm, thereby producing more power, but still unable to fight against the turbocharged cars of the day. It was the advent of turbocharged engines in Formula 1 which sounded the death knell for the venerable DFV, and in 1986 Cosworth returned to the lower formulae preparing the DFV for the newly-created Formula 3000, with the installation of a compulsory 9,000 rpm rev limiter, which scaled power back from 500 to 420 hp (310 kW); the DFV remained in this class until 1992. A turbocharger, or turbo, is an air Compressor used for forced-induction of an Internal combustion engine. The final F3000 engines gave 500 bhp almost equalling the 1983 DFV which gave 510 bhp @ 11,200 rpm.

In F1, a new DFV-based design was introduced for the new 3,500 cc (210 cu in) normally-aspirated rules in 1987. The DFZ was produced as an interim model, but in 1988 Cosworth created the DFV's final evolution, the DFR, which soldiered on in F1 with smaller teams until 1991, scoring its last points - including a pair of second places by Jean Alesi - with Tyrrell in 1990.

The DFV has recently been given a new lease of life thanks to the interest in Classic F1 racing, which was given a World Championship status by the FIA in 2004.

DFV variants

Throughout the years, the DFV spawned a number of derivations. In 1968, Cosworth created the DFV's first derivation, a 2,500 cc (150 cu in) version for the Tasman Series, the DFW. The Tasman Series was a motor racing series held from 1964 to 1975 in Australia and New Zealand, and named after the Tasman Sea between the two countries DFV to DFW conversion simply involved substitution of a short-stroke crank and longer conrods. In a reciprocating Piston engine, the connecting rod or conrod connects the Piston to the crank or Crankshaft.

One of the most successful and longest-lived projects of Cosworth has been its CART/Champ Car engine program. Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis In 1975, Cosworth developed the DFX, by destroking the engine to 2,650 cc (162 cu in) and adding a turbocharger, the DFX became the standard engine to run in Indycar racing, ending the reign of the Offenhauser, and maintaining that position until the late 80s. The United States Automobile Club (USAC is an Open-wheel Auto racing sanctioning body Offenhauser was a racing engine manufacturer that operated from 1933 to 1983 Ford backed Cosworth with creating a new interim design for Indycar racing in the late 80s, the DFS, which merged DFR technology into the ageing DFX design, but it was eventually rendered obsolete by advancing technology.

While designed as an F1 engine the DFV was also used as in endurance racing, although its flat-plane design led to destructive vibrations putting stress on devices surrounding the engine, especially the exhaust system. The first sports car to use a DFV, the Ford P68, failed to finish a single race because of repeated mechanical and electrical failures. The Ford P68, also commonly known as the Ford 3L GT or F3L, is a sports prototype Racing car model introduced in March 1968 Despite this handicap the DFV won the 24 hours of Le Mans twice in its original 3. The 24 Hours of Le Mans ( 24 Heures du Mans) is a sports car endurance race held annually since near the town of Le Mans, Sarthe, 0 L form for Mirage and Rondeau (although the Mirage win in 1975 was with a significantly de-tuned unit). A special endurance version, the DFL, was then developed in two versions: one with 3,300 cc (200 cu in) and the other with 3,900 cc (240 cu in) Whilst the former version soon became known for its reliability, the latter version was a step too far and is largely remembered as a failure.

The GA V6

A variant of the Ford Essex V6 engine was developed for the Ford Capris raced in Group 2 the early 1970s. A V6 engine is a V engine with six cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of three cylinders Ford Capri was a name used by the Ford Motor Company for three separate Automobile models The Ford Consul Capri coupe produced by Ford of Great This had a capacity of 3,400 cc (210 cu in) and was highly competitive with the BMW straight-sixes. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916 The GA was also used in the later years of Formula 5000 in Europe. Formula 5000 (or F5000) was an auto-racing formula that ran different series in various regions around the world from 1968 to 1982

The BDA series

Cosworth increased its association with Ford in 1969 by developing a DOHC 16-valve four cylinder engine for road use in the Escort. The Ford Escort is a Small family car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company from 1967 to 2003 Working from the Kent block, Cosworth created a 1,601 cc (97. 7 cu in) for homologation purposes. Homologation is a technical term derived from the Greek homologeo (ὁμολογέω for "to agree" which is generally used in English to signify The camshafts were driven by a toothed belt, hence the name BDA (Belt Drive A). Running in Group 2 and Group 4 on either rallying or touring car racing, this engine could be enlarged to a maximum of 2,000 cc (120 cu in). Rallying is a form of motor competition that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars Touring car racing is a general term for a number of distinct Auto racing competitions in heavily-modified street cars The nominal homologation at 1,601 cc (97. 7 cu in) capacity (in fact the engine displaced slightly less than 1600cc) meant that BDA-engined cars competed in what was usually the top class (1600cc and up) so were eligible for absolute victories rather than class wins.

In 1970, the BDC evolution received fuel injection for the first time. Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an Internal combustion engine. Two years later, the BDA series was being used in Formula 2, first at around 1,800 cc (110 cu in), until reaching a maximum of 1,975 cc (120. 5 cu in) in 1973, as the developed BDG form of the engine, which also received an aluminum block.

The block could also be shortened, starting with the 1,599 cc (97. 6 cu in) Formula Atlantic engine in 1970, followed by the 1,100 cc (67 cu in) and 1,300 cc (79 cu in) variants for SCCA club racing and sports car racing. The Cooper Tires presents the Atlantic Championship Powered by Mazda is a Formula racing series with races throughout North America The Sports Car Club of America ( SCCA) is a club and sanctioning body supporting Road racing, rally, and Autocross in the United States

In the 1980s, the engine saw its final incarnations, the 1,700 cc (100 cu in) BDR, used in the road-going version of the Caterham, and the 1. Caterham Cars is a manufacturer of specialist lightweight Sports cars based in Caterham, Surrey, England and part of the British motor 8 L BDT, which powered the never raced Escort RS1700T and the more competitive Ford RS200, which was created for Group B rallying. The Ford RS200 is a mid-engined Four-wheel drive Sports car produced by Ford from 1984 through 1986 The Group B referred to a set of regulations introduced in 1982 for competition vehicles in Sportscar racing and Rally racing regulated by the FIA. A 2,137 cc (130. 4 cu in) evolution model was developed by Brian Hart just as Group B was cancelled by the FIA. Racing career Beginning in 1958 Hart enjoyed a successful career as a driver in various single-seater formulae The BDT-E turbocharged versions gave over 600 bhp (450 kW) in Group B rallycross configuration.

In 1970 Ford asked Weslake and Co of Rye to build the BDA Engine for them and by the end of 1970 the production line had been installed at Rye and production was under way. Weslake Research and Development was founded by Harry Weslake, a cylinder head specialist who had been instrumental in modifying the side valve Standard engine used in the first

The Hart 420R owes much to the BDA series, being essentially an aluminium-block derivative using similar heads. Racing career Beginning in 1958 Hart enjoyed a successful career as a driver in various single-seater formulae

The YB series

A later version of the YB engine was used in the Escort RS Cosworth. The Escort RS Cosworth was a sports derivative of the Ford Escort.

The YB series of 1,993 cc (121. 6 cu in) engines are based on the older Pinto engine block and were introduced in the road-going Ford Sierra Cosworth in 1986 with 204 bhp (152 kW). The Ford Sierra is a Large family car built by Ford Europe from 1982 until 1993 It was the first road going turbocharged engine that developed more than 100 bhp (75 kW) per litre, with 5,000 units built for homologation purposes in Group A, both for rallies and touring cars. A turbocharger, or turbo, is an air Compressor used for forced-induction of an Internal combustion engine. In relation to Motorsport governed by the FIA, Group A referred to a set of regulations providing production-derived vehicles for outright competition Racing versions could develop about 400 bhp (300 kW). A limited edition evolution model was introduced in 1987, the RS500, with power now exceeding 550 bhp (410 kW) in full racing trim. The RS500 came to dominate touring car racing in its heyday. Touring car racing is a general term for a number of distinct Auto racing competitions in heavily-modified street cars Today there are many road going YB engines developing over 800 bhp (600 kW) and there are several rallycross Sierra Cosworths utilising YB engines tuned to over 900 bhp (670 kW). The Rev Hard drag racing team use a YB engine in their Escort Cosworth car that develops 1,100 bhp (820 kW) whilst still retaining the original 2 litre capacity.

Further evolutions of the YB included a reduced-emissions road version, as well as the block used in the Escort RS Cosworth (which used the Sierra floorpan). The Escort RS Cosworth was a sports derivative of the Ford Escort. The engine stopped being used on new cars in 1997, with the Focus WRC and road-going Focus RS relying on Zetec designs. This is the article about the European and worldwide Ford Focus Ford Motor Company used the Zetec name on a variety of Inline-4 cylinder Automobile engines.

Other Formula One engines

Cosworth experimented with turbocharged BD derivatives before settling on an all-new turbocharged 1,500 cc (92 cu in) V6 engine to be badged as the Ford TEC (internally it was known as the GB-series). This had a long development history raced only briefly, in 1986 with the Carl Haas Beatrice-Lola team and in 1987 with the Benetton Formula team. The 1986 Formula One season was the 37th FIA Formula One World Championship season Carl A Haas (born February 26, 1930) is an American Auto racing impresario The 1987 Formula One season was the 38th FIA Formula One World Championship season Benetton Formula Ltd, commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001.

The final DFV/DFZ/DFR replacement, the 3,500 cc (210 cu in) HB V8 was introduced with the Benetton team midway through 1989, winning the Japanese Grand Prix that year. Benetton Formula Ltd, commonly referred to simply as Benetton, was a Formula One constructor that participated from 1986 to 2001. This exploited a narrower vee-angle than the DFV. As the works team, Benetton maintained exclusivity with this model through the rest of 1989 and 1990. 1991 saw the introduction of customer units, two specifications behind their works equivalents. In 1991, these were supplied to the fledgling Jordan outfit, and for 1992, Lotus. Early history Jordan's success in lower formulae inspired the creation of a Formula One programme for the 1991 season. 1950s Colin Chapman established Lotus Engineering Ltd in 1952 at Hornsey, UK. 1993 saw the customer deal extended to McLaren, who won 5 Grands Prix with Senna that year. McLaren, founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren (1937&ndash1970 is a Formula One team based in Woking, Surrey, UK It was not until the introduction of the new Cosworth unit, badged as a Ford Zetec-R, that Michael Schumacher won the Drivers World Championship with Benetton, in 1994. Michael Schumacher (German pronunciation;) (born January 3, 1969, in Hürth-Hermülheim, Germany) is a former Formula The Formula One World Drivers' Championship (WDC is awarded by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile ( FIA) to the most successful Formula One This was the last Ford powered F1 title.

A Jaguar-badged version of the HB was briefly used in sports car racing, fitted to the extremely successful Jaguar XJR-14. The Jaguar XJR-14 was a Sports-prototype racing car introduced for the 1991 World Sportscar Championship season

Cosworth also developed a Ford-badged 72 °F1 V10 for the Sauber Formula 1 team. A V10 engine is a V engine with 10 cylinders in two banks of five Sauber is a Swiss constructor of racing cars for Sportscar racing and Formula One. (An unrelated 4,300 cc (260 cu in) V10 designated WDA was also built and tested in a Volvo S80, but this did not see production).

Cosworth has subsequently made several 3,000 cc (180 cu in) V10 engines for a number of Formula One teams. The Stewart Grand Prix team effectively became the Ford works team and used Cosworth CR-1 engines from its first season in 1997. Stewart Grand Prix is a former Formula One constructor and racing team Over the years next years Ford had increased its involvement with the Stewart team, and finally bought the team, renaming it Jaguar Racing for 2000. Complete Formula One results ( key) (results in bold indicate pole position Jaguar pulled out of F1 at the end of 2004, but the team (renamed Red Bull Racing) continued to use V10 Cosworth engines until switching to a Ferrari V8 for 2006. Red Bull Racing is one of two Formula One teams owned by Austrian Beverage company Red Bull. Minardi also used Cosworth engines until 2005, often rebadged. Minardi was an Automobile racing team and constructor founded in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi.

Williams used Cosworth V8 engines for the 2006 season, and began testing the new CA2006 2. Not to be confused with Frank Williams Racing Cars, formed by Frank Williams 1967 A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the Crankcase in two banks of four cylinders in most cases set at a right angle to each other 4 L V8 in November 2005. In the same year Scuderia Toro Rosso used detuned V10 engines based on the 2005 units. Scuderia Toro Rosso ( Italian for Team Red Bull) is a Formula One racing team owned in a 50/50 partnership between the drinks company Red Bull For 2007, however, the company was left without a partner. Williams chose to switch to Toyota power. Scuderia Torro Rosso however made the switch to Ferrari engines, as used in 2006 by their mother team Red Bull Racing. Scuderia Ferrari is the name for the Gestione Sportiva the division of the Ferrari automobile company concerned with racing Red Bull Racing is one of two Formula One teams owned by Austrian Beverage company Red Bull. The only option Cosworth had for 2007 was the newly-renamed Spyker-MF1 Racing(now Force India F1), but the team announced that it too will be using Ferrari engines. Spyker Cars NV ( Euronext SPYKR is a Dutch hand-built Automobile manufacturer, not related to or controlled by the previous Spyker company Midland F1 Racing (often shortened to MF1 Racing) was a Formula One constructor and racing team Force India F1 is a Formula One Motor racing team The team was formed in October 2007, when a consortium led by Vijay Mallya and Michiel

With most major manufacturers currently opting to supply engines to a second F1 team, scope may be limited for Cosworth to return to the sport under its own name. However, since breaking its links with Ford it is highly likely that Cosworth may return to F1 as a specialist contractor and consultant, much as it has done in the past and as Ilmor did so successfully with Mercedes. Ilmor, founded by Mario Illien and Paul Morgan in 1984 is a British independent high-performance autosport engineering company Throughout its long history Mercedes-Benz has been involved in a range of Motorsport activities including Sportscar racing and rallying

Other IndyCar and Champ Car engines

A 2004 Champ Car model engine.

Cosworth designed a series of replacements for the DFS to be used in IndyCar and Champ Car racing: the X-series, beginning in 1992 with the XB. The XF was developed in 2000, and was chosen as the spec engine for the Champ Car World Series in 2003. Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis The most recent derivative of the XF, the 2,650 cc (162 cu in) XFE 4 cam 90 degree V8 overhead camshaft, continued in that role through the 2007 season. The Champ Car World Series imposed a rev limit of 12,000 rpm. Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis The 2004 model of the XFE had a rated power of nominal 750 hp (560 kW) @ 1054 mmHg (intake pressure) and a maximum power of 800 bhp (600 kW) at 1130 mmHg (during Push-to-Pass). The torr (symbol Torr) is a non- SI unit of Pressure defined as 1/760 of an atmosphere. The 2004 XFE maximum speed was 12,000 rpm (rev limited) and torque of 490 N m. The Aluminum and Iron turbo housing ran a boost of 5. 9 psi at sea level ( = boost of 12 inches of mercury which is 41. Inches of mercury, inHg or "Hg is a measuring unit for Pressure. 5 inches of mercury absolute ) The Methanol-fueled engine used a steel crankshaft and aluminum alloy pistons. Inches of mercury, inHg or "Hg is a measuring unit for Pressure. Weight was 120 kg and length was 539 mm. In 2007 the Ford name was removed from the engine pieces as the manufacturer elected not to continue sponsorship of the series. Several other engine changes were made, notably the removal of the calibrated "pop off valve" designed to limit turbo boost pressure, replaced by engine electronics. The rated life of the engine was 1,400 miles between rebuilds. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Engines were sent by the race teams to Cosworth for the rebuild. In 2007 Champ Car switched to the new Panoz DP01 chassis which was said to provide better ducting of airflow into the engine. The Panoz DP01 is the recently introduced Champ Car World Series spec race car that was used in the 2007 season The Champ Car World Series merged into the Indy Racing League IndyCar Series prior to the 2008 season and Cosworth does not currently provide engines to any American open wheel racing series. The Indy Racing League, better known as IRL, is the sanctioning body of a predominantly American based Open-wheel racing series. The IndyCar Series is the premier series of the Indy Racing League.

There is evidence that Cosworth was working on a 3,400 cc (210 cu in) pushrod V8 along the lines of the Ilmor/Mercedes 500I to exploit the peculiar loophole in the Indianapolis 500 rules permitting such engines higher turbocharger boost - this was assigned a project code (CD) but seemingly never completed. The Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, often shortened to Indianapolis 500 or Indy 500, and historically known simply as "The 500" is an American A turbocharger, or turbo, is an air Compressor used for forced-induction of an Internal combustion engine.

In 2004 and 2005, Cosworth provided a Chevrolet badged engine to IRL IndyCar Series teams after the proprietary Chevrolet engine proved inadequate against rival Hondas and Toyotas during the 2003 season. Chevrolet (ˌʃɛvroʊˈleɪ - French origin (also known as Chevy) is a Brand of Automobile, produced by General Motors (GM While many teams left Chevrolet after the 2003 season, those that stayed saw a significant improvement in performance with the new "Chevworth" engine compared to their previous units.

Formula Atlantic engines

Currently these are 300 hp (220 kW) 2,300 cc (140 cu in) inline-4 engines based on the Mazda MZR engine. MZR is a naming scheme applied to Mazda 's latest Straight-4 Gasoline powered engines Changes includes a billet crank, barrel throttle bodies, new head with larger valves, pistons, con rods and cams. A detuned 250 hp (190 kW) version, targeting club racers, is sold to the consumer market. This engine retains the standard crankshaft and has a different cylinder head. Both engines are built by Cosworth in Torrance, California.

Road cars

Apart from its relationship with Ford, which saw the creation of the Escort RS1600, Escort RS1800, RS200, Scorpio 2. 9i 24V, Sierra Cosworth and Escort Cosworth, the company has developed engines to be used in various production cars, including the Caterham CSR 200 and 260, as well as several from General Motors: the Chevrolet Vega, the Opel Ascona 400 & Manta 400, Opel Kadett and Opel Astra GSi, Opel Vectra and Opel Calibra turbo and the 2. General Motors Corporation ( GM) ( is a multinational automobile manufacturer founded in 1908 and headquartered in the United States. The Chevrolet Vega was a Subcompact car sold from 1971 through 1977 The Opel Ascona was a mid-sized car produced by Opel, the German subsidiary of General Motors. The Opel Manta was a rear-wheel-drive sports Coupé motor vehicle built by Opel, a subsidiary of General Motors, from 1970 to 1988 The Opel Kadett is a Small family car produced by the German automaker Opel between 1937 and 1940 then from 1962 to 1992 See also Vauxhall Astra and Holden Astra for the usage of the nameplate by other General Motors subsidiaries The Opel Vectra is a Large family car produced primarily by Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as "Opel" the German subsidiary of General The Opel Calibra also known as the Chevrolet Calibra in South America and North America, the Holden Calibra in Australia and 5 L V6 used in the Vectra, Calibra and Saab 900. The 900 is a car that was made by Saab Automobile from 1978 until 1998 in two generations Mercedes-Benz (with the 190 E 2. Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the 3-16), Rolls-Royce, ARO and Audi also benefitted from Cosworth engine technology. A Rolls-Royce car may refer to vehicles produced by Rolls-Royce Limited (1906-1973 Rolls-Royce Motors (1973-2003 which was owned ARO (short for Auto Romania) was an off-road vehicle manufacturer located near the town of Câmpulung-Muscel, Romania. AUDI AG, ( Xetra: NSU commonly known as Audi (aˈʊdi is a German Automobile manufacturer which produces Audi branded cars with headquarters

The Cosworth F1 car

The four-wheel drive Cosworth Formula One car.

Cosworth made an attempt at designing a full GP car in 1969. The car, designed by Robin Herd, used an original 4WD transmission designed by Keith Duckworth (different from the Ferguson used by all other 4WD F1 cars of the Sixties) and powered by a magnesium version of the DFV unit. Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four" is a four-wheeled Vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four Wheels to Harry Ferguson Research Limited was a British company founded by Sir Harry Ferguson and mostly known as a racing car constructor and a 4WD transmission The car was planned to drive at the 1969 British GP but it was silently withdrawn. When Herd left to form March Engineering the project was cancelled. March Engineering was a Formula One constructor and manufacturer of customer racing cars from Britain. The car is remembered by some as one of the ugliest F1 cars ever built. The external design of the car was a product of Herd's use of Mallite sheeting (a wood-aluminium laminate composite) for the principal structural monocoque sections, a technique he pioneered on the first McLaren single-seat cars, including the McLaren M2B of 1966. Mallite is a type of Laminate Composite material, formerly manufactured by the William Mallinson & Sons company McLaren, founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren (1937&ndash1970 is a Formula One team based in Woking, Surrey, UK The McLaren M2B is a Formula One motor racing car model designed by Robin Herd for the Bruce McLaren Motor Racing team

Summary of F1 engine use

References

• List of f1 engines by year

Literature

• Bernd Tuchen, Ford in der Formel 1 1965 bis 1994. Scuderia Toro Rosso ( Italian for Team Red Bull) is a Formula One racing team owned in a 50/50 partnership between the drinks company Red Bull Die Geschichte des legendären Ford Cosworth DFV Motors. Seine Entstehung, seine Rennställe, seine Siege und Weltmeister (Büchenbach 2006/Verlag Dr. Faustus) (www. Verlag-Dr-Faustus. de) ISBN 978-3-933474-38-4

• Graham Robson, Cosworth: The Search For Power, 4th ed, Haynes, 1999, ISBN 1-85960-610-5

External links

• Cosworth Racing
• List of Cosworth engine types
• North American Cosworth Specialists