Citizendia

Columbia, Maryland
The People Tree statue is considered a symbol of Columbia.
The People Tree statue is considered a symbol of Columbia.
Location of Columbia, Maryland
Location of Columbia, Maryland
Coordinates: 39°12′13″N 76°51′25″W / 39.20361, -76.85694
CountryUnited States
StateMaryland
CountyHoward
Area
 - Total27. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically This is a list of the twenty-four counties and County-equivalents in the U Howard County is a County located in the central part of the U Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 7 sq mi (71. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 7 km²)
 - Land27. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 6 sq mi (71. 4 km²)
 - Water0. 1 sq mi (0. 3 km²)
Elevation407 ft (124 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total88,254
 - Density3,202. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 0/sq mi (1,236. 3/km²)
Time zoneEastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST)EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes21044-21046
Area code(s)410
FIPS code24-19125
GNIS feature ID0590002

Columbia is a census-designated place and planned community in Howard County, Maryland, United States. The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks North American area codes 410 and 443 are State of Maryland Telephone Area codes which serve the communities of Baltimore Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout A census-designated place ( CDP) is a type of place (a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically Howard County is a County located in the central part of the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It is a suburb of Baltimore and, to a lesser degree, Washington, DC. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D It began with the idea that a city could enhance its residents' quality of life. Creator and developer James W. Rouse saw the new community in terms of human values, not just in terms of economics and engineering. James Wilson Rouse ( April 26, 1914 - April 9, 1996) founder of The Rouse Company, was a pioneering American Real Opened in 1967, Columbia was designed to not only eliminate the inconveniences of then-current subdivision design, but also eliminate racial, religious, and income segregation. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Geographical segregation exists whenever the proportions of population rates of two or more Populations are not homogenous throughout a defined space

Today, Columbia has a population of about 97,200 [1]. By the early 2000s, the town had acquired many of the characteristics of other contemporary U. S. suburbs, such as increasingly large private homes on large parcels and "big box" retail stores accessible mostly by automobile. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Big-box store is a term that refers to a style of physically large Chain store, and by extension to the company behind the store Nevertheless, Rouse's ethos remains a strong influence upon the physical and political development of Columbia.

Contents

History

The Rouse Company accumulated over 14,000 acres (57 km²), 10% of Howard County, Maryland (located between Baltimore and Washington DC), from 140 separate owners. The Rouse Company, founded by James W Rouse (1914-1996 in 1939, was a publicly held Shopping mall and Community developer from 1956 Howard County is a County located in the central part of the U Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D This acquisition was funded by Connecticut General Life Insurance, at an average price of $1,500 per acre ($0. CIGNA Corporation ( is a Philadelphia-based health service company 37/m²). In October 1963, the acquisition was revealed to the residents of Howard County, putting to rest rumors about the mysterious purchases. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. These had included the theory that the site was for a laboratory to study diseases and another that the site was intended to become a giant compost heap.  

At this unveiling, James Rouse described Columbia as a planned new city which would avoid the leap-frog and spot development threatening the county. James Wilson Rouse ( April 26, 1914 - April 9, 1996) founder of The Rouse Company, was a pioneering American Real A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically The new city would be complete with jobs, schools, shopping, and medical services, and a range of housing choices. The property taxes from commercial development would cover the additional services with which housing would burden the county. The planning process for Columbia included not only planners, but also a convening of a panel of nationally recognized experts in the social sciences, known as the Work Group. The social sciences comprise academic disciplines concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals including Anthropology, Communication studies Meeting for two days, twice a month, for half a year, the Work Group suggested innovations that the planners should try in education, recreation, religion, and health care, as well as ways of improving social interactions. Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's Body or Mind. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing Open classrooms, the interfaith centers, and the then-novel idea of a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) with a group practice of doctors (the Columbia Medical Plan) sprung from these meetings. An open classroom is a student-centered Classroom design format popular in the United States in the 1970s "HMO" redirects here For other uses see HMO (disambiguation. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Columbia was not incorporated; some governance, however, was to be provided by the Columbia Association, which manages common areas and functions as a homeowners' association with regard to private property. A homeowners' association (abbrev HOA) may be A legal entity created by a real estate developer for the purpose of developing managing and selling a community The first manager of the Columbia Association was John Estabrook Slayton, who died in early 1967. The community center in Wilde Lake, the Slayton House, was named after him for the contributions he made to the early planning of Columbia.

The physical plan, with neighborhood and village centers, also were decided upon at these meetings. Columbia's “New Town District” zoning ordinance gives the developer great flexibility about what to put where, without getting approval from the county for each specific project. Zoning is a term used in Urban planning for a system of land-use Regulation in various parts of the world including North America the United Kingdom

The first village to be developed in Columbia was Wilde Lake. Wilde Lake is an artificial Lake and a surrounding neighborhood or " Village " located in Columbia Maryland. The first high school to open in Columbia was Wilde Lake High School[2], which opened in 1971 as a model school for the nation. Wilde Lake High School is a Secondary school located in Columbia Maryland 's Village of Wilde Lake, one of 12 public high schools in Howard County Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Constructed in the open classroom style, it was razed and reconstructed on the same site in 1996. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)

Columbia proper consists only of that territory governed by the Columbia Association, but larger areas are included under its name by the post office and the census. The United States Census is a decennial Census mandated by the United States Constitution. These include several other communities which predate Columbia, including Simpsonville, Atholton, and in the case of the census, Clarksville and Savage.

Master plan

To achieve the goals set forth by the Work Group, Columbia's Master Plan called for a series of ten self-contained villages, around which day-to-day life would revolve. The centerpiece of Columbia would be the Mall in Columbia and man-made Lake Kittamaqundi. The Mall in Columbia (sometimes called Columbia Mall) in the Planned community of Columbia Maryland, is a large regional Shopping mall

Villages and neighborhoods

The village concept is aimed to provide Columbia a small-town feel (like Easton, Maryland, where James Rouse grew up). Easton is a town in Talbot County, Maryland, United States. The population was 11708 at the 2000 census Each village comprises several neighborhoods. The village center may contain middle and high schools. All villages have a shopping center, recreational facilities, a community center, a system of bike/walking paths, and homes. Four of the villages have interfaith centers, common worship facilities which are owned and jointly operated by a variety of religious congregations working together.

Most of Columbia's neighborhoods contain single-family homes, townhomes, condominiums and apartments (though some are more exclusive than others). The original plan, following the neighborhood concept of Clarence Perry, would have had all the children of a neighborhood attend the same school, melding neighborhoods into a community and ensuring that all of Columbia's children get the same high-quality education.

Columbia takes its street names from famous works of art and literature: for example, the neighborhood of Hobbit's Glen takes its street names from the work of J. Wilde Lake is an artificial Lake and a surrounding neighborhood or " Village " located in Columbia Maryland. Harper's Choice is one of the ten villages that comprise Columbia Maryland. Oakland Mills is one of the 10 villages in Columbia Maryland. Long Reach is one of ten villages comprising Columbia Maryland. Owen Brown is one of the 10 villages in Columbia Maryland, USA incorporated in 1972 Hickory Ridge is one of the villages in Columbia Maryland. Neighborhoods in the village of Hickory Ridge include Hawthorn Clary's Forest and Clemens Crossing Dorsey's Search is one of ten villages comprising Columbia Maryland, USA, and was occupied starting in 1980 Kings Contrivance is one of the villages in the Planned community of Columbia Maryland, and is home to about 11000 residents River Hill is the last village to be developed in the town of Columbia Maryland, though numerous residents have addresses in Clarksville. R. R. Tolkien; Running Brook, from the poetry of Robert Frost; and Clemens Crossing, from the work of Mark Twain.

Columbia today

In 2006, Money magazine ranked Columbia (together with Ellicott City, its neighbor to the north) #4 out of the 100 "Best Places to Live" in the United States. Money is a Time Inc Personal finance magazine Its first issue was published in October 1972 Ellicott City is an Unincorporated community and Census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. [1]

Education and libraries

Columbia's public schools are operated by the Howard County Public School System. The Howard County Public School System is the School district that manages the Public schools of Howard County Maryland, USA. As of the 2007-2008 school year, the following high schools served some part of Columbia:[2]

Note that almost all of these schools also serve students from outside Columbia, as is also the case with middle and elementary schools. Atholton High School is a High school in Columbia Maryland and is a part of the Howard County public school system. Hammond High School is a public Secondary school located in Columbia Maryland near the Kings Contrivance Village Center Howard High School may refer to Howard High School of Technology in Wilmington Delaware Howard High School (Ellicott City Maryland Long Reach High School is a Public High school located in Columbia, Maryland. Oakland Mills High School was established in 1973 as one of the first high schools to service the Columbia Maryland area River Hill High School is a public High school in Clarksville Maryland. Wilde Lake High School is a Secondary school located in Columbia Maryland 's Village of Wilde Lake, one of 12 public high schools in Howard County

There are no conventional four year colleges or universities in Columbia, but several other college level programs have facilities there. Howard Community College is located near the town center, while the University of Phoenix and Loyola College have facilities on the east side of town. Howard Community College is a Community college in Columbia, Howard County, Maryland. The University of Phoenix ( UPX) is a for-profit educational institution that specializes in Adult education. Loyola College in Maryland is a private Coeducational University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States, affiliated with the

Two of the six branches of the Howard County public library system are in Columbia, including the Central Library in Town Center and the East Columbia Branch in Owen Brown. www.hclibrary.org

Health

Medical care is available in the recently renovated Howard County General Hospital, affiliated with Baltimore's famous Johns Hopkins Hospital. Howard County General Hospital is a 219-bed not-for-profit health care provider located in Columbia Maryland Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine|Greenspring StationThe Johns Hopkins Hospital is a Teaching hospital in Baltimore Maryland The Columbia Medical Plan was the city's largest health maintenance organization (HMO). In more recent years, however, this plan has divided into separate medical groups that simply share the Twin Knolls buildings. Today, there is a Kaiser Permanente facility located in the Columbia Gateway industrial park. Kaiser Permanente is an integrated Managed care organization based in Oakland California, founded in 1945 by industrialist Henry J There are also a number of clinics, such as the Nighttime Care Center offering after-hours care.

Shopping

The Mall in Columbia is a large regional shopping mall with five anchor department stores (Nordstrom, Lord & Taylor, Sears, Macy's, and JC Penney) and over 200 stores and restaurants. The Mall in Columbia (sometimes called Columbia Mall) in the Planned community of Columbia Maryland, is a large regional Shopping mall A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors A department store is a Retail establishment which specializes in selling a wide range of products without a single predominant merchandise line. Nordstrom Inc ( is an upscale Department store chain in the United States. Lord & Taylor, based in New York, New York, is the oldest upscale Department store chain in the United States. Sears Roebuck and Company, commonly known as Sears, is an American mid-range chain of International Department stores founded by Richard Macy's is a chain of mid-range American Department stores Its Flagship store in Herald Square, New York City has been billed J C Penney Company Inc ( most commonly known today by the name JCPenney or simply Penneys) is a mid-range chain of American Department stores Also containing a 14-screen AMC movie theater, an LL Bean retail store, a Cheesecake Factory restaurant, and a Bank of America, the Mall is a societal center for the community and is located in Town Center. For other uses see AMC AMC Theatres, officially known as AMC Entertainment Inc Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue LLBean is a privately held Mail-order and retail company based in Freeport, Maine, specializing in clothing and outdoor recreation equipment The Cheesecake Factory Inc ( is a Restaurant company in the United States. Banc of America Securities Bank of America () is the largest bank by asset and second largest commercial Bank by deposits and Market capitalization in United

There are several other major shopping centers in the Columbia area, including Snowden Square, Columbia Crossing I and II, Dobbin Center, Gateway Overlook, Ellicott City's Long Gate Shopping Center, and Hanover's Arundel Mills (in neighboring Anne Arundel County). Ellicott City is an Unincorporated community and Census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. Hanover Maryland, is a locality in northwestern Anne Arundel County Maryland in the United States, located south of Baltimore near the Howard County Arundel Mills is a mall located in Hanover, Maryland (south of Baltimore, near BWI Airport) and is now owned by Simon Property Group Anne Arundel County (ˌænəˈrʌndəl with a stress on the run) is a County located in the U

Columbia's nine "village centers" provide residents with nearby shopping as well, often including supermarkets, gas stations, liquor stores, dry cleaners, restaurants, and hair salons. Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good A filling station, fueling station, gas station, service station, petrol station, or gasbar, Retail Outlet Dry cleaning is any cleaning process for Clothing and Textiles using an organic Solvent rather than Water. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. The layout of some of the older village centers is frequently criticized. Individual stores are not visible from the road (unlike traditional strip malls), making it difficult for newcomers and non-residents to know what shopping is available. A strip mall (also called a shopping plaza or mini-mall) is an open area Shopping center where the stores are arranged in a row with a Sidewalk At the same time, this setup is praised by some for eliminating much of the garishness of roadside America.

As this concept becomes dated, however, it is increasingly being replaced with more traditional shopping centers. A case in point is the Oakland Mills Village Center, which had a traditional Village Center layout (stores located off an indoor central corridor) until its demolition in the late 1990s. It has since been replaced with a more traditional strip mall styled center.

Work

Jim Rouse conceived of a city, not a suburban bedroom community, and Columbia is today an "edge city" in the terminology of Joel Garreau. James Wilson Rouse ( April 26, 1914 - April 9, 1996) founder of The Rouse Company, was a pioneering American Real A commuter town is an urban community that is primarily residential from which most of the Workforce commute out to earn their livelihood Edge city is an American term for a relatively new concentration of business shopping and entertainment outside a traditional Urban area in what had recently been Joel Garreau (born 1948 is an American Journalist and Author. There are 15 office, industrial, and research parks in Columbia. Most are at the eastern and southern edges (such as the sprawling Columbia Gateway Center), but a number of office and residential high-rise buildings are located in Town Center surrounding the Mall in Columbia. Although many residents commute to nearby Baltimore and Washington, D. C. , the business complexes in and around Columbia have grown drastically in recent years in response to increased population in the town as well as to a broader expansion of the Baltimore-Washington corridor. Many residents work for the government at nearby U.S. Department of Defense facilities (such as Fort Meade and the National Security Agency, or NSA). The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Fort George G Meade, located adjacent to Odenton, Maryland, in Anne Arundel County, is an active U The National Security Agency/ Central Security Service ( NSA/CSS) is a cryptologic intelligence agency of the United States government

Recreation

Recreation has always been an important part of the Columbia concept. The homeowners association, the Columbia Association, known to Columbians as "CA," builds, operates and maintains most of these facilities. CA operates a variety of recreational facilities, including 23 outdoor swimming pools, six indoor pools, two water slides, ice and roller skating rinks, an equestrian center, a sports park with miniature golf, a skateboard park, batting cages, picnic pavilions, clubhouse and playground, three athletic clubs including the 24/7 Supreme Sports Club, numerous indoor and outdoor tennis, basketball, volleyball, squash and racquetball courts, and running tracks. A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a pool, is an artificially enclosed Body of water intended for Swimming or A water slide is a type of slide or tube designed for warm-weather or indoor recreational use typically with water pumped to its top and allowed Ice skating is Traveling on Ice with skates, narrow (and sometimes parabolic) blade-like devices moulded into special Boots A study Roller skating is the Traveling on smooth terrain with roller skates For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description Minigolf, or miniature golf, is a miniature version of the Sport of Golf. A batting cage is an enclosed cage for Baseball players to practice the skill of Batting. In contemporary usage picnic can be defined simply as a pleasure excursion at which a Meal is eaten outdoors ( Al fresco or En plein air The word γυμνάσιον (gymnasion was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual Education of young men (see Gymnasium Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Squash is a racquet sport that was formerly called squash racquets, a reference to the "squashable" soft ball used in the game (compared with the Racquetball is a Racquet Sport played with a hollow Rubber Ball in an indoor or outdoor court Running is a means for an animal to move on Foot. It is defined in Sporting terms as a Gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground In February, 2006, LifeTime Fitness (a Minnesota company) opened a 24/7 health club at the edge of the Columbia Gateway industrial park. This facility includes 1 outdoor and 2 indoor pools (with water slides), racquetball courts, basketball courts, fitness equipment, and pilates and yoga facilities.

There are three lakes (Lake Kittamaqundi, Lake Elkhorn, and Wilde Lake) surrounded by parkland for sailing, fishing, and boating; 80 miles of paths for jogging, strolling and biking; and 148 tot lots and play areas. Wilde Lake is an artificial Lake and a surrounding neighborhood or " Village " located in Columbia Maryland. A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Boating, the leisurely activity of traveling by Boat typically refers to the Recreational use of boats whether Power boats sail boats, or Jogging is a form of trotting or running at a slow or leisurely pace The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind A playground or play area is an area designed for Children to play, indoors or outdoors

Nine village centers, 15 neighborhood centers, and four senior centers provide space for a large variety of community activities. Old age consists of ages nearing or surpassing the Average life span of Human beings and thus the end of the human life cycle. There are a variety of fairs and celebrations throughout the year, including entertainment on the lakefront of Lake Kittamaqundi during the summer and the Columbia Festival of the Arts.

Columbia also has garden plots for rent, under the guidance of the Columbia Gardeners, which has been in existence since the 1970s. There are about 350 garden plots at three sites in Columbia, with each garden rented for a nominal fee (currently $30 per year). (Columbia Flyer, Doug Miller "Turning over a new leaf could be growing concern", May 31, 2007, page 17)

Entertainment / performing arts

In the absence of nightclubs, Columbia relies on local bars to bring in bands. Clyde's (near the Columbia Mall and on Lake Kittamaqundi) and Sonoma's (in Owen Brown) regularly bring in groups to perform. Sonoma's features a band every Friday and Saturday evening.

Merriweather Post Pavilion, a well-known outdoor concert venue, attracts many prominent performers. Merriweather Post Pavilion (MPP named for cereal heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post, is an outdoor concert venue located among Symphony Woods a 40-acre (162000-m² In addition, there are several performing arts organizations that present professional theater: Toby's Dinner Theatre, which has produced the area premieres of Thoroughly Modern Millie, Aida, Titanic, and Ragtime, and will produce the Maryland/Virginia regional premiere of The Producers in 2008 and Rep Stage at Howard Community College. Rep Stage, was founded in 1993 by Artistic Director Valerie Lash

Transportation

Columbia's initial plan called for a minibus system connecting the village centers on a distinct right-of-way. This was never constructed, though minibuses were operated by the Columbia Association under the name ColumBus. These were eventually taken over by Howard County. Six Howard Transit bus routes now serve Columbia and connect it with its neighboring areas (such as Ellicott City and BWI Airport), while several Maryland Transit Administration (MTA) routes provide access to and from both Washington and Baltimore. Howard Transit is the primary public transit system in Howard County, Maryland, which grew from the former ColumBus bus system in Columbia, Maryland Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport serves the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area ( U The Maryland Transit Administration (MTA is a state-operated transit service in Maryland. MTA weekday commuter bus service connects Columbia to the Washington Metro system. There are no rail stations within Columbia, although the Dorsey MARC station is served by Howard Transit buses. Dorsey Maryland, is a locality in eastern Howard County Maryland, south of Elkridge, north of Savage, and close to the Anne Arundel County

Geography

Columbia is located at 39°12.5′N, 76°52′W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP (census-designated place) has a total area of 27. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 7 square miles (71. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 6 km²), of which, 27. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 6 square miles (71. 4 km²) of it is land and 0. 1 square miles (0. 3 km²) of it (0. 36%) is water. The city lies in the Piedmont region of Maryland, with its eastern edge at the fall line. Piedmont is a plateau region located in the eastern United States between the Atlantic Coastal Plain and the main Appalachian Mountains, stretching In Geomorphology, a fall line (at times referred to as a fall zone) marks the area where an upland region (continental Bedrock) and a Coastal plain The climate is that of central Maryland, tending to hot, humid summers and cold but wet winters. The primary landforms in Columbia are rolling hills and stream valleys; Columbia's road network is laid out to follow the terrain, with many winding streets and cul-de-sacs. Elevations range from about 200 to 500 feet (60-150 m) above sea level. Most of Columbia is drained by the Middle Patuxent River and Little Patuxent River. The Patuxent River is a Tributary of the Chesapeake Bay in the state of Maryland. There are three artificial lakes, created by damming of tributary streams during city construction. Along with Symphony Woods, many other stands of mature trees have been maintained in Columbia, including the large Middle Patuxent Environmental Area in the western part of the city between Harper's Choice and River Hill villages, protecting much of the river valley from development.

Demographics

As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 88,254 people, 34,199 households, and 23,118 families residing in the CDP. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 3,202. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 0 people per square mile (1,236. 4/km²). There were 35,281 housing units at an average density of 1,280. 0/sq mi (494. 3/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 66. 52% White, 21. 47% Black or African American, 0. 26% Native American, 7. 30% Asian, 0. 05% Pacific Islander, 1. 63% from other races, and 2. 76% from two or more races. 4. 12% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America

Historical populations
CensusPop.  %±
19708,815
—
198052,518495. 8%
199075,88344. 5%
200088,25416. 3%

There were 34,199 households out of which 35. 9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53. 4% were married couples living together, 11. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32. 4% were non-families. 25. 6% of all households were made up of individuals and 5. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 54 and the average family size was 3. 09.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 26. 3% under the age of 18, 6. 7% from 18 to 24, 34. 1% from 25 to 44, 25. 5% from 45 to 64, and 7. 5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 93. 1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88. 7 males.

According to a 2006 estimate, the median income for a household in the CDP was $88,307, and the median income for a family was $103,313. [10] Males had a median income of $60,498 versus $41,501 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $32,833. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 3. 4% of families and 5. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 7% of those under age 18 and 11. 0% of those age 65 or over.

Sister cities

Columbia is a sister city to the planned cities of Cergy-Pontoise, France and Tres Cantos, Spain. Cergy-Pontoise is an agglomeration in France, in the Val d'Oise département, northwest of Paris on the Oise River. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Tres Cantos is a township and Municipality located in the autonomous community of Madrid, Spain, some 22 km north of the capital city Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Columbia Association organizes a summer exchange program for French and Spanish students enrolled in Howard County Public Schools.

Famous Columbians

References

  1. ^ MONEY Magazine: Best places to live 2006: Columbia/Ellicott City, MD snapshot
  2. ^ Howard County High School Attendance Area Map. Christian Siriano (born November 18, 1985) is an American Fashion designer and the winner of the fourth season of American Reality Fashion design is the Applied art dedicated to Clothing and lifestyle Accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time Project Runway Season 4 was the fourth season of Project Runway, Bravo 's reality competition for fashion designers Project Runway is a Peabody Award -winning American Reality television series on the Bravo network which focuses on Fashion design. Linda Tripp (born Linda Rose Carotenuto on November 24, 1949 in Jersey City New Jersey) was a central figure in the Lewinsky scandal Monica Samille Lewinsky (born July 23, 1973) is an American woman with whom then- United States President Bill Clinton admitted to Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907 &ndash 9 August 1996 was an English Royal
  3. ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes

Further reading

External links

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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