A Roman colonia (plural coloniae) was originally a Roman outpost established in conquered territory to secure it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of Roman city.
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History
Rome's first colonies were established at Ostia, Antium, and Tarracina in the late fourth century B.C. Ostia may refer to Ostia Antica, a township and port of ancient Rome Ostia (town, a modern township (also called Ostia Lido or Terracina is a town and Comune of the Province of Latina - (until 1934 of the Province of Rome) Italy, 76 km SE of Rome by In this first period of colonization, which lasted down to the end of the Punic Wars, colonies were primarily military in purpose, being intended to defend Roman territory. The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage between 264 and 146 BC and were probably the largest wars yet of the ancient There were colonies of citizens and colonies of Latins, which differed in size, constitution, and region. Colonies of citizens were settled on coast and known as coloniae maritimae. These were small (three hundred families), close to Rome, and enjoyed no civic life of their own. Sherwin-White suggested that they were similar to the Athenian cleruchy. Adrian Nicholas Sherwin-White ( 10 August 1911 &ndash 1 November 1993) was a British Historian of Ancient Rome Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's A cleruchy, (klerouchy in Hellenic Greece, was a specialized type of colony established by Athens. [1]
Coloniae also included towns founded by Rome to house those who held Roman citizenship. In Britain this usually meant those who had completed their military service in the Legions and were thus owed a grant of land by the state; see Marian Reforms. The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of military reforms initiated by Gaius Marius, a statesman and general of the Roman republic.
Examples
Some examples are:
| Modern name | Latin name | Modern country | Roman province | Foundation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arles | Iulia Paterna Sextanoum | France | Gallia Narbonensis | 45 BC by Caesar |
| Belgrade | Singidunum | Serbia | Moesia Superior | 2nd century |
| Colchester | Colonia Claudia Victricensis | England | Britannia / Britannia Superior / Maxima Caesariensis | 49, by Claudius |
| Cologne | Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensis | Germany | Germania Inferior | 50 |
| Jerusalem (on the site of) | Colonia Aelia Capitolina | Israel | Judaea | After Bar Kokhba's revolt, by Hadrian |
| Lincoln | Lindum Colonia or Colonia Domitiana Lindensium | England | Britannia / Britannia Inferior / Flavia Caesariensis | 71, by Domitian |
| Narbo Martius | colonia Martia Iulia Paterna Decimanorum | France | Gallia / Gallia Narbonensis | 118 BC by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; refounded by Caesar in 45 BC |
| Patras | Colonia Augusta Achaica Patrensis | Greece | Achaia | After the battle of Actium by Augustus |
| Sétif | Sitifis Colonia | Algeria | Mauretania Sitifensis | 1st century |
| York | Eboracum | England | Britannia / Britannia Inferior / Britannia Secunda | ? Caracalla |
See also
References
- ^ A. Arles (aʁl̥ Provençal Occitan: Arles in both classical and Mistralian norms is a City in the south of France, Belgrade (Београд Beograd is the Capital and largest city of Serbia. Singidunum was an ancient Roman city first settled by the Celtic Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC and later garrisoned and fortified by the Romans Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Colchester ( /ˈkəʊltʃɛstə/ is a town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester, in Essex, England. Camulodunum is the Roman name for the ancient settlement which is today's Colchester, a town in Essex, England. Britannia was the term originally used by the Romans to refer first to the British Isles, and later to the island of Great Britain. Britannia Superior was one of the provinces of Roman Britain created around 197 AD by the Roman Emperor Septimus Severus immediately after winning a Civil War against Maxima Caesariensis was the name of one of the four provinces of later Roman Britain (but is not named in the surviving copies of the Verona List, dated 312 Year 49 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I ( August 1, 10 BC &ndash October 13, AD 54 ( Tiberius Claudius Drusus from birth to Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of Year 50 was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Aelia Capitolina ( Latin in full Colonia Aelia Capitolina) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian in the year 131, and occupied For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Kingdom of Judea redirects here For the 10th-6th century BCE kingdom see Kingdom of Judah Iudaea ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Background After the failed Great Jewish Revolt in the year 70 the Roman authorities took measures to suppress the rebellious province Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after Lincoln (ˈlɪŋkən is a Cathedral city and County town of Lincolnshire, England. Lindum Colonia (otherwise simply Lindum or more formally Colonia Domitiana Lindensium) was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Britannia was the term originally used by the Romans to refer first to the British Isles, and later to the island of Great Britain. Britannia Inferior was a subdivision of the Roman province of Britannia established c Flavia Caesariensis was one of the provinces of Roman Britain. Year 71 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 &ndash 18 September 96 commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death Narbonne ( Narbona in Catalan and in Occitan, the Roman Narbo) is a commune in southwestern France in the Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Gallia Narbonensis ( Narbonese Gaul) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. Patras ( Demotic Greek: Πάτρα, Pátra, ˈpatra Classical Greek: Πάτραι, Pátrai, Patrae is Greece Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Achaea (Αχαΐα Achaïa, axaˈia in Polytonic orthography) is an ancient province and a present prefecture of Greece, on the northern The Battle of Actium was the decisive engagement in the Final War of the Roman Republic between the forces of Octavian and the combined forces of Mark Antony Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Sétif (سطيف Kabyle: Sṭif; formerly Sitifis Colonia) is a town in northeastern Algeria. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's In Antiquity Mauretania was originally an independent Berber kingdom on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa (named after the The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. Eboracum was a fort and City in Roman Britain. Today it is known as York, located in North Yorkshire, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Britannia was the term originally used by the Romans to refer first to the British Isles, and later to the island of Great Britain. Britannia Inferior was a subdivision of the Roman province of Britannia established c Britannia Secunda was one of the provinces of Roman Britain in existence by c Caracalla ( April 4 188 &ndash April 8, 217) born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later Colonies in antiquity were City-states founded from a mother- City N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship, 86
Further reading
- Jona Lendering, “Coloniae”, Livius.org (2006)
- L. Adkins and R.A. Adkins, “Coloniae”, in L. Adkins and R.A. Adkins, Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome, New York, 1994.
- M. Bunson, “colonies, Roman”, in M. Bunson, Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire, New York, 1994.
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