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HMAS Rankin in 2007
Class overview
Builders:Australian Submarine Corporation
Operators:Naval flag of Australia Royal Australian Navy
Preceded by:Oberon-class
Succeeded by:Collins class submarine replacement project
Cost:A$ 1 billion
Built:14 February 1990 - 7 November 2001
In service:27 July 1996 - present
In commission:- 27 July 1996 - present
Completed:6
Active:6
General characteristics
Displacement:Surfaced: 3,051 tonnes
Submerged: 3,353 tonnes
Length:77. The ASC, formerly Australian Submarine Corporation, is a wholly government-owned Australian naval defence company headquartered at Osborne in Adelaide The Royal Australian Navy ( RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. Design and construction The Oberon class was based heavily on the preceeding ''Porpoise'' class of submarines Glass-reinforced plastic was used in The Collins class submarine replacement project is a Royal Australian Navy (RAN effort to replace the Navy's six ''Collins'' class Submarines with a new The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) 8 metres
Beam:7. 8 metres
Draught:6. 8 metres
Propulsion:

1 × Jeumont Schneider main motor
7,050 hp (5. 25 MW)
3 × Hedemora/Garden Island Type V18B/14 diesels
6,000 hp (4. 42 MW)
3 × Jeaumont Schneider generators
5,630 hp (4. 2 MW)
1 × shaft and a skew back propeller

1 × Mactaggart Scott dm 43006 hydraulic motor for emergency propulsion
Speed:Surfaced: 10+ knots (18. 5 km/h)
Submerged: 20+ knots (37 km/h)
Range:9,000 nm at 10 kt (snort)
11,500 nm at 10 kt (surfaced)
400 nm at 4 kt (submerged)
Complement:45 (8 Officers)
Sensors and
processing systems:		Thales underwater systems scylla bow sonar
Thales Underwater Systems GEC-Marconi Kariwara, Thomson Marconi Narama towed array or Allied Signal TB 23
Kelvin Hughes I-band navigation radar
Thales optronics CK043 search and CH093 attack periscopes
Anechoic tiles fitted
Armament:Boeing/Rockwell integrated system
McDonnell Douglas UGM-84 Harpoon
6 × 21 in (533 mm) tubes for sub harpoon and Gould Mark 48 torpedo - total of 22 carried
44 mines in lieu of torpedoes
Fitted for but not with Land Attack Cruise missiles with combat system AN/BYG 1

To be fitted :

US Mk 48 ADCAP
Combat System AN/BYG 1 based on Raytheon's CCS Mk 2

The Collins class submarines are the newest class of Australian submarines, built in Australia for the Royal Australian Navy. The Harpoon is an all-weather over-the-horizon, Anti-ship missile system developed and manufactured by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing Integrated The Mark 48 and its improved ADCAP ( Ad vanced Cap ability variant are heavyweight submarine-launched torpedoes A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Royal Australian Navy ( RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. The class is made up of six vessels: Collins, Farncomb, Waller, Dechaineux, Sheean and Rankin; all six are based at HMAS Stirling in Western Australia. Name The submarine is named after Rear Admiral Harold B Farncomb CB DSO MVO RAN (1899–1971 who distinguished himself in action during World War II. Name The submarine is named after Captain Hector Waller (1900 - 1942 DSO and Bar who in 1942 was commander of the cruiser HMAS ''Perth'' that was part of Name See also Emile Dechaineux The vessel is named for Captain Emile Dechaineux who commanded vessels in the North Atlantic and South West Pacific Construction Sheean was laid down by the Australian Submarine Corporation at Osborne South Australia on 17 February 1994 Name The submarine is named after Lieutenant-Commander Robert William “Oscar” Rankin who distinguished himself in action in World War II. HMAS Stirling ( is the name given to the administrative centre of the Royal Australian Navy 's main naval base on the west coast ( Fleet Base West) located Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. They were built by the Australian Submarine Corporation at Osborne, near Adelaide in South Australia. The ASC, formerly Australian Submarine Corporation, is a wholly government-owned Australian naval defence company headquartered at Osborne in Adelaide Osborne is a north-western Suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 19 km from the CBD, in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country They replace much older Oberon class submarines in the Australian naval fleet. Design and construction The Oberon class was based heavily on the preceeding ''Porpoise'' class of submarines Glass-reinforced plastic was used in

Contents

Design and construction

Much of the technology and computer design expertise came from Kockums of Sweden. Kockums AB is a Shipyard in Malmö, Sweden owned by the German shipyard HDW in Kiel. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The bow and escape tunnel section of the first vessel were built in Sweden. The Collins class is a culmination of the Swedish Navy's five generations of non-nuclear submarine development. The Royal Swedish Navy ( Swedish: Marinen) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. The Collins class submarine was designed to operate beyond the sub-littoral zone with the capability of surveillance and sea area denial.

Delays, cost overruns & problems

The Collins class submarine project experienced significant design and construction delays. These problems were due to developmental teething issues and the Australian shipyards inexperience, since these were the first submarines ever constructed in Australia. Advancement of computer technology during the 12 year development process meant the submarines' original computer control system quickly became severely dated. The need to replace the combat system became a serious and costly problem for the submarine project, the Australian Defence Force and the national government. The Australian Defence Force (ADF is the military organisation responsible for the defence of Australia Although originally a fixed-cost contract, because of later upgrade specifications, the submarines' total cost was put at more than AUD $6 billion as of 2000, compared to the AUD $3. The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas 9 billion stated in June 1987 when the project was started by then Prime Minister Bob Hawke's government[1]. Robert James Lee (Bob Hawke, AC (born 9 December 1929 was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia and longest serving Australian Labor Party Prime Minister

McIntosh-Prescott report

The first boat, HMAS Collins was finally commissioned in July 1996, but the second, HMAS Farncomb, was not commissioned until 18 months later. Name The submarine is named after Rear Admiral Harold B Farncomb CB DSO MVO RAN (1899–1971 who distinguished himself in action during World War II. By this point, the class' problems and schedule slippages had become severe. The problems were so serious and persistent that a major public report was commissioned by CSIRO head Malcolm Mcintosh and former BHP managing director John Prescott. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. John Leslie Prescott (born 31 May 1938 is a British Labour Party Politician, former Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First

The McIntosh-Prescott report covered the initial shortcomings of the Collins-class subs, shortcomings so severe that the submarines were not considered fit for combat duty:

The essential and the visible problem with the Collins Class submarines is that they cannot perform at the levels required for military operations. The underlying cause is a myriad of design deficiencies and consequential operational limitations relating to the platform and combat system. [2]

The report went on to note that the vessels were noisy and thus vulnerable to attack, piping problems posed a serious hazard, their engines broke down regularly, a badly shaped hull and fin made too much disturbance when they moved at speed under water, the view from the periscope was blurry, the communications system was outdated, and the propellers were likely to crack. [3].

The piping problems were especially worrying, as the stainless steel-welded pipes used throughout the Collins class submarines could corrode and collapse in a deep dive, the reason that American submarine USS Thresher was lost at sea with all hands in 1963. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Early career Thresher conducted lengthy sea trials in the western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea areas in 1961 and 1962 The 1998 Australian Auditor-General's report first publicised the high risk posed by the faulty pipes and stated that the Federal Government would have to pay the costs of the correction, not the shipyards' owners. The Australian Navy later admitted that all of the suspect piping on the first submarine, HMAS Collins, was secretly replaced prior to the Auditor-General's report being made public. [4] The navy later stated that it has since had the piping refitted on the other 5 boats.

The computer systems were similarly plagued and there was concern that they could never be made fully operational. [5] The McIntosh-Prescott went on to state that the billion-dollar combat system developed for the Collins class submarine did not work and should be scrapped. [6] The Australian Navy finally replaced the combat system for all 6 boats in 2005, by purchasing an off-the-shelf and tested computer system from General Dynamics/Raytheon collaboration. [7]

The diesel engines were initially unreliable and noisy, negative characteristics in a weapon system that relies upon stealth. With help from the US Navy, these problems were solved. [8]

The Collins class submarine project was one of the most complex industrial projects to have been undertaken in Australia. The 2004 Australian Broadcasting Corporation's production entitled 7 Wonders of the Australian Engineering World, presented the construction of the Collins-class submarine in the sixth episode. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster.

Active Service

In 2002, it was reported that HMAS Sheean had "held its own" during two rigorous weeks of combat trials off Hawaii with the Los Angeles-class attack sub USS Olympia. Construction Sheean was laid down by the Australian Submarine Corporation at Osborne South Australia on 17 February 1994 The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the The two subs swapped roles as hunter and prey and scored roughly equal numbers of hits. During its mock attacks on Olympia and on two US destroyers, Sheean fired 28 torpedoes. The chief-of-staff of the Australian Navy's submarine force reported that "a respectable percentage of shots Sheean fired at Olympia were hits that would have destroyed the powerful US vessel. "[9] In the RIMPAC 02 exercises, playing a 'rogue' submarine Sheean penetrated the US Navy surface unit screen to ‘sink’ both the amphibious assault ship USS Tarawa and dock landing ship USS Rushmore. An amphibious assault ship (also referred to as an amphibious assault carrier or commando carrier) is a type of Helicopter carrier employed to land History She was laid down in November 1972 at Pascagoula Mississippi, by Ingalls Shipbuilding, launched 1 December 1973, sponsored by A Dock landing ship or Landing ship (Dock ( hull classification LSD) is a form of auxiliary warship designed to support amphibious operations History 1990s The ship's first assignment was to deliver three Air Cushioned Landing Craft ( LCAC) to Camp Pendleton, California from [10]

However a year later, the ABC reported that "at least two of the Collins class submarines have welding problems in the bull nose joint in its hull". The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. Former Australian Defence Minister John Moore agreed replying, "there are problems without a doubt with the welding, but if you spent enough money on it and replace enough of the welding, I think it will probably be highly serviceable. John Colinton Moore AO (born 16 November 1936) Australian politician was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives "[11]

More trouble however followed, when in 2005, it was revealed that the maximum diving depth of the Collins class had been reduced following an incident in February 2003, when a seawater hose failed on HMAS Dechaineux, flooding the engine room and almost sinking the vessel. Name See also Emile Dechaineux The vessel is named for Captain Emile Dechaineux who commanded vessels in the North Atlantic and South West Pacific [12] The maximum depth remains classified. The government claims that the problems of the Collins class are now solved or on their way to resolution.

Jane's Fighting Ships and Australian Submarine Corporation's 2006 annual report states that HMAS Collins has been modified to support special forces operations. Jane's Fighting Ships is an annual reference Book (also published online on CD and Microfiche) of information on all the world's Warships Since 1941 the Australian military has raised a range of Special forces and Special operations units

Australian Defence Magazine has noted that the submarines are expected to be in service for 30 years, and that the on-going support and maintenance fees for all six submarines totals AUD $100 million annually. [13] As such, the survival of the Australian Submarine Corporation remains paramount to assist the Australian Navy in maintenance activities. The ASC, formerly Australian Submarine Corporation, is a wholly government-owned Australian naval defence company headquartered at Osborne in Adelaide

The project to replace the Collins class boats began in late 2007, though the first new submarine will not enter service until 2025. The Collins class submarine replacement project is a Royal Australian Navy (RAN effort to replace the Navy's six ''Collins'' class Submarines with a new It is expected that the new design will be a larger and more capable version of the Collins class.

Power systems

The submarine's main propulsion is a single Jeaumont Schneider 5. 4 megawatt electric motor driving a single shaft, 7 blade 4. 22m diameter propeller. Electrical storage is fulfilled by lead-acid batteries produced in Adelaide by Pacific Marine Batteries Pty. Ltd. Main electric generation is by three Hedemora 18 cylinder four stroke turbo charged diesel engines coupled to three Jeaumont Schneider generators.

Armament

The submarine's armament is six forward facing 533mm torpedo tubes. The torpedo type in use by the RAN for the Collins class submarine is the Gould Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedo, which is a wire-guided torpedo with active/passive homing and a 267kg warhead. The Mark 48 and its improved ADCAP ( Ad vanced Cap ability variant are heavyweight submarine-launched torpedoes Range is purportedly 38km at 55 knots or 50km at 40 knots. The Collins class submarine is also capable of using the Boeing Sub-Harpoon anti ship missile. The Harpoon is an all-weather over-the-horizon, Anti-ship missile system developed and manufactured by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing Integrated Total weapons capacity is 22 missiles and torpedoes or 44 mines.

In 2005, the Collins submarines underwent a major AUD $857 million capability boost[14], as integration & testing of the same tactical combat system present in the USA's most modern attack submarines commences. Weapon control development was changed to the AN/BYG-1 Combat Control System, which is also fitted to the newly developed SSN Virginia class submarine for the USN. Innovations The Virginia s incorporate several innovations Instead of Periscopes the subs have a pair of extendable " Photonics masts quot outside The AN/BYG-1 is a derivative of the CCS Mk 2 combat system. The fitting of the AN/BYG-1 has gained the Collins class submarine the ability to support the Mark 48 ADCAP torpedo (provided by Raytheon), an upgrade that was due to enter service in 2006. The Mark 48 and its improved ADCAP ( Ad vanced Cap ability variant are heavyweight submarine-launched torpedoes [15] The current order of combat system upgrade is: HMAS Waller, HMAS Dechaineux, HMAS Collins, HMAS Farncomb, HMAS Sheean and HMAS Rankin[16].

Key dates

NamePennantLaid downLaunchedCommissioned
HMAS CollinsSSG 7314 February 199028 August 199327 July 1996
HMAS FarncombSSG 741 March 199115 December 199531 January 1998
HMAS WallerSSG 7519 March 199214 March 199710 July 1999
HMAS DechaineuxSSG 764 March 199312 March 199824 February 2001
HMAS SheeanSSG 7717 February 19943 May 199924 February 2001
HMAS RankinSSG 7812 May 19957 November 200126 March 2003

Origin of names

Each boat has been named after a distinguished former member of the RAN, some of whom have died for their country. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Name The submarine is named after Rear Admiral Harold B Farncomb CB DSO MVO RAN (1899–1971 who distinguished himself in action during World War II. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Name The submarine is named after Captain Hector Waller (1900 - 1942 DSO and Bar who in 1942 was commander of the cruiser HMAS ''Perth'' that was part of Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Name See also Emile Dechaineux The vessel is named for Captain Emile Dechaineux who commanded vessels in the North Atlantic and South West Pacific Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Construction Sheean was laid down by the Australian Submarine Corporation at Osborne South Australia on 17 February 1994 Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Name The submarine is named after Lieutenant-Commander Robert William “Oscar” Rankin who distinguished himself in action in World War II. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Royal Australian Navy ( RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force.

External links

References

  1. ^ Subs Are Out Of Depth - Sun-Herald, February 20, 2000
  2. ^ Report to the Minister for Defence on the Collins Class Submarine and Related Matters - June 20, 1999
  3. ^ Report to the Minister for Defence on the Collins Class Submarine and Related Matters - June 20, 1999
  4. ^ Subs Are Out Of Depth - Sun-Herald, February 20, 2000
  5. ^ $500m To Save Our Subs - Minister Orders Project Overhaul - The Australian, July 2, 1999
  6. ^ Sub-Standard to Off The Shelf - The Australian, July 2, 1999
  7. ^ Australia's Collins Class Subs, Submariners On Track for Upgrades - November 15, 2005
  8. ^ Collins Class submarine war - ABC, July 12, 2001
  9. ^ Collins sub shines in US war game - The Sunday Age, October 13, 2002
  10. ^ Prawns, roo end RIMPAC 2002 at Pearl Harbor - Navy News
  11. ^ Collins Class nightmares continue - ABC, February 25, 2003
  12. ^ The Age, July 23, 2005
  13. ^ More problems with Collins class submarines - ABC, May 10, 2000
  14. ^ Australia's Collins Class Subs, Submariners On Track for Upgrades - November 15, 2005
  15. ^ PR Newswire, January 30, 2006
  16. ^ Royal Australian Navy website, March 2006
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