Coca-Cola
Product logo
Type	Cola
Manufacturer	The Coca-Cola Company
Country of origin	United States
Introduced	1886
Related products	Pepsi RC Cola Cola Turka Zam Zam Cola Mecca Cola Virgin Cola Parsi Cola Qibla Cola Evoca Cola Corsica Cola Breizh Cola

The Las Vegas Strip World of Coca-Cola museum in 2000

Coca-Cola is a type of carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines in more than 200 countries. A logo ( Greek el λογότυπος = el-Latn logotypos is a graphical element ( Ideogram, Symbol, Emblem, Icon, Sign) Cola is a sweet carbonated drink usually with Caramel coloring and containing Caffeine. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. RC Cola (or Royal Crown Cola) is a Cola Soft drink developed in 1905 by Columbus Georgia Pharmacist Claude A Cola Turka is a Cola Brand from Turkish company Ülker that is also sold in Germany and Austria. Zam Zam Cola (زم زم كولا is a cola-flavored Soft drink produced in Iran. Mecca-Cola is a cola-flavoured carbonated beverage. The flagship product of the Mecca Cola World Company, it is marketed as an alternative to Virgin Cola is a carbonated Cola Soft drink produced by Princes limited. Parsi Cola is a cola-flavoured Soft drink produced in Iran. It is popular in parts of the Middle East, where people both enjoy soft drinks and Qibla Cola a cola-flavoured carbonated beverage is the flagship product of the Qibla Cola Company based in Derby, England. Evoca Cola is a Cola -flavoured carbonated Soft drink. It is produced by Evoca Enterprises Limited and is currently sold in the United Kingdom, Corsica Cola is a regional Cola produced in Corsica. Corsica Cola benefited from an unexpected kick start during its launch in May 2003 a heat wave Breizh Cola "the cola of Brittany " bottled by Phare Ouest The Las Vegas Strip (also known as The Strip) is an approximately 4 mile (6 The World of Coca-Cola is a permanent exhibition featuring the history of The Coca-Cola Company and its well-known advertising as well as a host of entertainment areas and attractions Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks beverages and other products to consumers It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company and is often referred to simply as Coke. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft drink market throughout the 20th century. Patent medicine is the somewhat misleading term given to various medical Compounds sold under a variety of names and labels though they were for the most part actually John Stith Pemberton ( January 8, 1831 &ndash August 16, 1888) was an American Druggist and the inventor of Cola Asa Griggs Candler ( December 30, 1851 &ndash March 12, 1929) was an American business tycoon who made most of his money selling

The company actually produces concentrate, which is then sold to various licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. A concentrate is a form of Substance which has had the majority of its base component (in the case of a liquid the Solvent) removed The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola in cans and bottles to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. Coca-Cola Enterprises is the world's largest marketer producer and distributor of Coca-Cola products The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for fountain sales to major restaurants and food service distributors. The foodservice (or food service) industry (US English catering industry in British English encompasses those places institutions and companies responsible

The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, which has become a major diet cola. Diet Coke (formally known as Diet Coca-Cola) is a Sugar -free Soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company. Cola is a sweet carbonated drink usually with Caramel coloring and containing Caffeine. However, others exist, including Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Cherry Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, Vanilla Coke and special editions with lemon and with lime and even with coffee. Coca-Cola Cherry is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company's bottlers. Coca-Cola Zero or Coke Zero is a product of the Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola Vanilla (formerly known as Vanilla Coke, and for a time in the summer of 2003 V) is the Soft drink Coca-Cola made to a recipe with

In response to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the company is in the process of phasing E211 or Sodium Benzoate, the controversial additive linked to DNA damage and hyperactivity in children, out of Diet Coke. Sodium benzoate ( E211) also called benzoate of soda, has Chemical formula NaC6H5CO2 Sodium benzoate ( E211) also called benzoate of soda, has Chemical formula NaC6H5CO2 The company has stated that it plans to remove the controversial additive from its other products - including Sprite, and Oasis - as soon as a satisfactory alternative is discovered. Oasis is a non-carbonated bottled Soft drink, which is a product of The Coca-Cola Company. ^[1]

History

Old German Coca-Cola bottle opener. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The first Coca-Cola recipe was invented in Columbus, Georgia, by John Stith Pemberton, originally as a cocawine called Pemberton's French Wine Coca in 1885. Columbus is a City in Muscogee County, Georgia, United States. John Stith Pemberton ( January 8, 1831 &ndash August 16, 1888) was an American Druggist and the inventor of Cola Cocawine was an Alcoholic beverage that combined Wine and Cocaine. Pemberton's French Wine Coca was a Cocawine created by the druggist John Stith Pemberton, the inventor of Coca-Cola. ^[2][3] He may have been inspired by the formidable success of European Angelo Mariani's cocawine, Vin Mariani. Angelo Mariani or Ange-François Mariani (1838 - 1914 was a French Chemist, originally from the island of Corsica. Cocawine was an Alcoholic beverage that combined Wine and Cocaine. Vin Mariani ( French: Mariani's Wine) was a Tonic created Circa 1863 by Angelo Mariani, a chemist who became

In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, essentially a carbonated, non-alcoholic version of French Wine Cola. Fulton County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol ^[4]

The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[5] It was initially sold as a patent medicine for five cents^[6] a glass at soda fountains, which were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for the health. In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit Soda fountain is a term referring to the carbonated drink Dispensers found in Fast food restaurants and Convenience stores These devices combine Syrup The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[7] Pemberton claimed Coca-Cola cured many diseases, including morphine addiction, dyspepsia, neurasthenia, headache, and impotence. Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in Dyspepsia (from the Greek "δυς-" (Dys- and "πέψη" (Pepse known in plain English as indigestion, meaning hard Neurasthenia is a psycho-pathological term first used by George Miller Beard in 1869 to denote a condition with symptoms of fatigue, Anxiety, Headache A headache ( cephalalgia in medical terminology is a condition of pain in the Head; sometimes Neck or upper back pain may also be interpreted Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the Atlanta Journal. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the The Atlanta Journal-Constitution is the only major daily Newspaper in Atlanta Georgia, USA and its suburbs. ^[8] For the first eight months only nine drinks were sold each day.

By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola — sold by three separate businesses — were on the market. Asa Griggs Candler acquired a stake in Pemberton's company in 1887 and incorporated it as the Coca Cola Company in 1888. Asa Griggs Candler ( December 30, 1851 &ndash March 12, 1929) was an American business tycoon who made most of his money selling Coca Cola Corporation was an Atlanta Georgia company the first large-scale manufacturer and marketer of beverages based on the Coca-Cola formula and closely related ^[9] The same year, while suffering from an ongoing addiction to morphine, Pemberton sold the rights a second time to four more businessmen: J.C. Mayfield, A. Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in JC Mayfield, an American businessman bought one third of the rights to the Pemberton Medicine Company (founded by John Pemberton) in 1888 O. Murphey, C. O. Mullahy and E. H. Bloodworth. Meanwhile, Pemberton's alcoholic son Charley Pemberton began selling his own version of the product. Coca Cola Corporation was an Atlanta Georgia company the first large-scale manufacturer and marketer of beverages based on the Coca-Cola formula and closely related ^[10]

In an attempt to clarify the situation, John Pemberton declared that the name Coca-Cola belonged to Charley, but the other two manufacturers could continue to use the formula. So, in the summer of 1888, Candler sold his beverage under the names Yum Yum and Koke. After both failed to catch on, Candler set out to establish a legal claim to Coca-Cola in late 1888, in order to force his two competitors out of the business. Candler purchased exclusive rights to the formula from John Pemberton, Margaret Dozier and Woolfolk Walker. In Anglo-Saxon law, an exclusive right is a de facto non-tangible Prerogative existing in law (that is the power or in a wider sense Right However, in 1914, Dozier came forward to claim her signature on the bill of sale had been forged, and subsequent analysis has indicated John Pemberton's signature was most likely a forgery as well. ^[11]

In 1892, Candler incorporated a second company, The Coca-Cola Company (the current corporation), and in 1910, Candler had the earliest records of the company burned, further obscuring its legal origins. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world Regardless, Candler began marketing the product, although the efficacy of his concerted advertising campaign would not be realized until much later. An advertising campaign is a series of Advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an integrated marketing communication (IMC By the time of its 50th anniversary, the drink had reached the status of a national icon for the USA. In 1935, it was certified kosher by Rabbi Tobias Geffen, after the company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients. Rabbi Tobias Geffen (1 August 1870 - 10 February 1970was born in Kaunas, Lithuania, in 1870 and immigrated to the United States in 1903 ^[12]

Coca-Cola was sold in bottles for the first time on March 12, 1894. A bottle is a container with a neck that is narrower than the body and a "mouth Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Cans of Coke first appeared in 1955. A beverage can (or drinks can) is most often an Aluminum Can manufactured to hold a single serving of a Beverage. ^[13] The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi, at the Biedenharn Candy Company in 1891. Vicksburg is a city in Warren County, Mississippi, United States. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Its proprietor was Joseph A. Biedenharn. The original bottles were Biedenharn bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design that is now so familiar. Asa Candler was tentative about bottling the drink, but the two entrepreneurs who proposed the idea were so persuasive that Candler signed a contract giving them control of the procedure. However, the loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for the company for decades to come. Legal matters were not helped by the decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies—in effect, becoming parent bottlers. ^[14]

Coke concentrate, or Coke syrup, was and is sold separately at pharmacies in small quantities, as an over-the-counter remedy for nausea or mildly upset stomach.

Use of stimulants in formula

The beverage was named Coca-Cola because, originally, the stimulant mixed in the beverage was South American coca leaves, from which the drug cocaine is derived. Stimulant drugs are Drugs that temporarily increase alertness and awareness South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Not to be confused with Cocoa. Coca is a Plant in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to north-western South America In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant In addition, the drink was flavored using kola nuts, also acting as the beverage's source of caffeine. Flavor or flavour is the sensory impression of a Food or other substance, and is determined Kola nut ( Cola) is a genus of about 125 species of Trees native to the tropical Rainforests of Africa, classified in the family Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline Xanthine Alkaloid that acts as a Psychoactive Stimulant Drug and a mild Diuretic ^[15] Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup, a significant dose, whereas, in 1891, Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. This article is about the unit of mass For the unit of force see Pound-force. Coca-Cola did once contain an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass, but in 1903 it was removed. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant ^[16] After 1904, Coca-Cola started using, instead of fresh leaves, "spent" leaves - the leftovers of the cocaine-extraction process with cocaine trace levels left over at a molecular level. Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant ^[17][18] To this day, Coca-Cola uses as an ingredient a cocaine free coca leaf extract prepared at a Stepan Company plant in Maywood, New Jersey. Stepan Company ( is a manufacturer of specialty chemicals headquartered in Northfield Illinois. Maywood is a Borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. In the United States, Stepan Company is the only manufacturing plant authorized by the Federal Government to import and process the coca plant. ^[19][20][21]

New Coke

Main article: New Coke

On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change the formula of the drink with "New Coke. New Coke was the unofficial name of the sweeter formulation introduced in 1985 by The Coca-Cola Company to replace its flagship Soft drink, Coca-Cola Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) The Coca-Cola formula is The Coca-Cola Company 's secret recipe for Coca-Cola. " Follow-up taste tests revealed that most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both Coke and Pepsi.

Coca-Cola management was unprepared, however, for the nostalgic sentiments the drink aroused in the American public. The new Coca-Cola formula caused a public backlash. Protests caused the company to return to the old formula under the name Coca-Cola Classic on July 10, 1985. The Coca-Cola formula is The Coca-Cola Company 's secret recipe for Coca-Cola. Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar)

21st century

On February 7, 2005, the Coca-Cola Company announced that in the second quarter of 2005 they planned a launch of a Diet Coke product sweetened with the artificial sweetener sucralose ("Splenda"), the same sweetener currently used in Pepsi One. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Diet Coke (formally known as Diet Coca-Cola) is a Sugar -free Soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company. Sucralose is an artificial sweetener originally sold under the trade name Splenda, and now also supplied as SucraPlus. Pepsi ONE (so named because it contains one Calorie per eight- Fluid ounce (230 ml serving is a Sugar -free Cola, marketed by PepsiCo ^[22][23] On March 21, 2005, it announced another diet product, "Coca-Cola Zero", sweetened partly with a blend of aspartame and acesulfame potassium. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Coca-Cola Zero or Coke Zero is a product of the Coca-Cola Company. Aspartame (or APM) (ˈæspɚteɪm or /əˈspɑrteɪm/ is the name for an artificial non- Saccharide Sweetener, aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl Acesulfame potassium is a Calorie -free Artificial sweetener, also known as Acesulfame K or Ace K ( K being the symbol for ^[24] Recently Coca-Cola has begun to sell a new "healthy soda" Diet Coke with Vitamins B6, B12, Magnesium, Niacin, and Zinc, marketed as "Diet Coke Plus".

In April 2007, in Canada, the name "Coca-Cola Classic" was changed back to "Coca-Cola". The word "Classic" was removed because "New Coke" was no longer in production, eliminating the need to differentiate between the two. ^[25] The formula remained unchanged.

Production

Formula

Main article: Coca-Cola formula

SunTrust Bank's main vault in Atlanta. The Coca-Cola formula is The Coca-Cola Company 's secret recipe for Coca-Cola. SunTrust Banks Inc ( is an American Bank holding company. The largest subsidiary is SunTrust Bank Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's initial public offering in 1919. A trust company is a Corporation, especially a Commercial bank, organized to perform the Fiduciary functions of trusts and agencies Initial public offering (IPO, also referred to simply as a "public offering" is when a company issues Common stock or shares to the public for the first A popular myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive having only half the formula. ^[26] The truth is that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two executives, each knows the entire formula and others, in addition to the prescribed duo, have known the formulation process. ^[27]

Franchised production model

The actual production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows a franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to various bottlers throughout the world who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sugar (or artificial sweeteners) and then carbonate it before filling it into cans and bottles, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. ^[28]

The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, like Coca-Cola Enterprises, Coca-Cola Amatil, Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company (CCHBC) and Coca-Cola FEMSA, but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of the volume sold in the world. Coca-Cola Enterprises is the world's largest marketer producer and distributor of Coca-Cola products Coca-Cola Amatil ( is an Australian company that bottles and distributes The Coca-Cola Company Soft drinks and other beverages in several countries The Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company ( Coca-Cola Ελληνική Εταιρεία Εμφιαλώσεως) is an anchor bottler in the Coca-Cola System and the second FEMSA (Fomento Económico Mexicano SA de CV),) is the largest beverage company in Mexico Since independent bottlers add sugar and sweeteners, the sweetness of the drink differs in various parts of the world, to cater for local tastes. ^[29]

Brand portfolio

Name	Launched	Discontinued	Notes	Picture
Coca-Cola	1886
Coca-Cola Cherry	1985
Coca-Cola with Lemon	2001	2005	Still available in: American Samoa, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Denmark, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iceland, Korea, Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Reunion, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tunisia, United States, and West Bank-Gaza
Coca-Cola Vanilla	2002	2005	Still available in: Austria, Australia, China, Germany, Hong Kong, South Africa, New Zealand (600ml and 350 ml only) and Russia
	2007		It was reintroduced in June of 2007 by popular demand
Coca-Cola C2	2004	2007	Was only available in Japan, Canada, and the United States. Coca-Cola Cherry is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company's bottlers. Coca-Cola with Lemon is a Soft drink brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company, launched to compete with Pepsi Twist. American Samoa (Amerika Sāmoa or sm ''Sāmoa Amelika'' is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Singapore The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Coca-Cola Vanilla (formerly known as Vanilla Coke, and for a time in the summer of 2003 V) is the Soft drink Coca-Cola made to a recipe with Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Coca-Cola C2 (also referred to as Coke C2, C2 Cola, or simply C2) was a Cola -flavored Beverage introduced by The Coca-Cola For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Coca-Cola with Lime	2005		Still available in Belgium,Singapore. Coca-Cola with Lime was a variation of the original Coca-Cola. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Singapore
Coca-Cola Raspberry	June 2005	End of 2005	Was only available in New Zealand. Coca-Cola Raspberry was a Coca-Cola drink with a raspberry flavour that was sold in New Zealand on a trial basis New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island
Coca-Cola M5	2005		Only available in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Germany, Italy, Spain, Mexico and Brazil
Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla	2006	Middle of 2007	Was replaced by Vanilla Coke in June of 2007
Coca-Cola Blāk	2006	Beginning of 2008	Only available in the United States, France, Canada, Czech Republic, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria and Lithuania
Coca-Cola Citra	2006		Only available in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, New Zealand and Japan. In 2005, Coca-Cola developed a line of five collectable Aluminum Bottles called the Magnificent 5 or M5. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla and Diet Coke Black Cherry Vanilla were varieties of Coca-Cola that were launched in January 2006 by The Coca-Cola Coca-Cola BlāK is a Coffee -flavored Soft drink introduced by Coca-Cola in 2006 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Coca-Cola Citra is a beverage made by The Coca-Cola Company. The design shows yellow and green stripes and a pair of citrus fruits resembling a lemon and a lime The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Федерација Босне и Херцеговине) is one of the two political New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
Coca-Cola Light Sango	2006		Only available in France and Belgium. Coca-Cola Light Sango is a blood-orange flavoured variety of Coca-Cola Light/Diet Coke produced by The Coca-Cola Company, available in Belgium This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
Coca-Cola Orange	2007		Only available in United Kingdom

Bottle and logo design

The famous Coca-Cola logo was created by John Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Mason Robinson, in 1885. Coca-Cola orange was a variation of Coca-Cola available for a limited time that was flavoured with orange The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A logo ( Greek el λογότυπος = el-Latn logotypos is a graphical element ( Ideogram, Symbol, Emblem, Icon, Sign) Frank Mason Robinson, (1845 in Corinth Maine – 1923 in Atlanta, Georgia. ^[30] It was Robinson who came up with the name, and he also chose the logo’s distinctive cursive script. The typeface used, known as Spencerian script, was developed in the mid 19th century and was the dominant form of formal handwriting in the United States during that period. In Typography, a typeface is a set of one or more Fonts designed with stylistic unity each comprising a coordinated set of Glyphs A typeface usually comprises Spencerian Script is a script style that flourished in the United States from 1850 to 1895 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Earl R. Dean's original 1915 concept drawing of the contour Coca-Cola bottle

Dean reduced the middle diameter. . . and the famous Contour Coca-Cola Bottle was born.

The prototype never made it to production since its middle diameter was larger than its base. This would make it unstable on conveyor belts. A belt conveyor consists of two or more Pulleys with a continuous loop of material - the conveyor belt - that rotates about them

The equally famous Coca-Cola bottle, called the "contour bottle" within the company, but known to some as the "hobble skirt" bottle, was created in 1915 by bottle designer, Earl R. Dean. A hobble skirt (from to hobble = "to limp" is a Skirt with a narrow enough hem to significantly impede the wearer's stride thus earning its name Earl R Dean (died January 8, 1972) designed the famous contour Coca Cola bottle In 1915, the Coca-Cola Company launched a competition among its bottle suppliers to create a new bottle for the beverage that would distinguish it from other beverage bottles. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world . . "a bottle which a person could recognize even if they felt it in the dark, and so shaped that, even if broken, a person could tell at a glance what it was". ^[31] Chapman J. Root, president of the Root Glass Company, turned the project over to members of his supervisory staff including company auditor T. The Root Glass Company in Terre Haute Indiana was one of Coca-Cola 's bottle suppliers Clyde Edwards, plant superintendent Alexander Samuelsson and Earl R. Dean, bottle designer and supervisor of the bottle molding room. Earl R Dean (died January 8, 1972) designed the famous contour Coca Cola bottle

Root and his subordinates decided to base the bottle’s design on one of the soda’s two ingredients, the coca leaf or the cola nut, but were unaware of what either ingredient looked like. Not to be confused with Cocoa. Coca is a Plant in the family Erythroxylaceae, native to north-western South America Kola nut ( Cola) is a genus of about 125 species of Trees native to the tropical Rainforests of Africa, classified in the family Dean and Edwards went to the Emeline Fairbanks Memorial Library and were unable to find any information about coca or cola. Instead they were inspired by a picture of the gourd-shaped cocoa pod in the Encyclopædia Britannica which Chapman Root approved as the model for the prototype. CACAO is a research Java Virtual Machine developed at Vienna University of Technology. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc A prototype is an original type form or instance of something serving as a typical example basis or standard for other things of the same category ^[31]

Faced with the upcoming scheduled maintenance of the mold-making machinery, over the next 24 hours Dean sketched out and created the mold for the bottle. Dean then molded a small number of bottles before the glass-molding machinery was turned off.

Chapman Root approved the prototype bottle and a design patent was issued on the bottle in November, 1915. In the United States, a design patent is a Patent granted on the ornamental design of a functional item The bottle was chosen over other entries at the bottler’s convention in 1916 and was on the market the same year. By 1920, Dean’s contoured bottle became the standard for the Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world Today, the contour Coca-Cola bottle is one of the most recognized packages on the planet. . . "even in the dark!"^[32]

As a reward for his efforts, Dean was offered a choice between a $500 bonus or a lifetime job at the Root Glass Company. The Root Glass Company in Terre Haute Indiana was one of Coca-Cola 's bottle suppliers He chose the lifetime job and kept it until the Owens-Illinois Glass Company bought out the Root Glass Company in the mid 1930s. Owens-Illinois ( is a Fortune 1000 company that specializes in Glass containers The Root Glass Company in Terre Haute Indiana was one of Coca-Cola 's bottle suppliers Dean went on to work in other Midwestern glass factories.

Although endorsed by some, this version of events is not considered authoritative by many who cite its implausibility as difficult to believe. One alternative depiction has Raymond Loewy as the inventor of the unique design, but although Loewy did serve as a designer of Coke cans and bottles in later years, he was in the French Army in the year the bottle was invented and did not migrate to the United States until 1919. Raymond Fernand Loewy ( 5 November, 1893 - 14 July, 1986) was one of the best known Industrial designers of the 20th century The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest Others have attributed inspiration for the design not to the cacao pod, but to a Victorian hooped dress. The term " Victorian Fashion " refers to Fashion in Clothing in the Victorian era, or the reign of Queen Victoria (1837&ndash1901 A hoop skirt or hoopskirt is a women's Undergarment worn in various periods to hold the Skirt extended into a fashionable shape ^[33]

In 1997, Coca-Cola also introduced a "contour can", similar in shape to their famous bottle, on a few test markets, including Terre Haute, Indiana. Terre Haute ( is a city in Vigo County, Indiana near the state's western border with Illinois. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union ^[34] This new can was however never widely released.

A new slim and tall can has begun to appear in Australia as of December 20, 2006, which costs an average of $2AUD. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The cans have a distinct resemblance to energy drinks that are popular with the teenage demographic. Energy drinks are Soft drinks advertised as providing more Energy than a typical drink It is unknown if this design is of limited edition or may soon replace the current 355 ml cans that have been used in the past (the new slim cans are 300 ml, making the volume to cost ratio even smaller).

In January 2007, Coca-Cola Canada changed "Coca-Cola Classic" labelling, removing the "Classic" designation, leaving only "Coca-Cola". Coca-Cola stated this is merely a name change and the product remains the same. The cans still bear the "Classic" logo in the United States.

Coca-Cola in the new aluminum bottle.

Coca-Cola is a registered trademark in most countries around the world and should always be written with the hyphen and not as "Coca Cola". The US trademark was registered in the United States Patent Office on 31 January 1893. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the UK Coca-Cola was registered with the UK Patent Office on 11 July 1922, under registration number 427817. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

In 2007, Coca-Cola introduced an aluminum can that is designed to look like the original glass bottles that Coca-Cola was first distributed in .

In 2007, the Coca-Cola logo on cans and bottles has changed, retaining the red color and familiar typeface but taking branding back in time by removing much of the clutter on the can, leaving only the logo and a plain white swirl-- the "dynamic ribbon".

In 2008, the Coca-Cola plastic bottles for all Coke varieties was changed with a new plastic screw cap and contoured bottle shape designed to evoke the old glass bottles.

Local competitors

Pepsi is often second to Coke in terms of sales, but outsells Coca-Cola in some localities. Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Around the world, some local brands do compete with Coke. In South and Central America, Kola Real, known as Big Cola in Mexico, is a fast growing competitor to Coca-Cola. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Kola Real Kola Real The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. ^[35] On the French island of Corsica, Corsica Cola, made by brewers of the local Pietra beer, is a growing competitor to Coca-Cola. Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily Corsica Cola is a regional Cola produced in Corsica. Corsica Cola benefited from an unexpected kick start during its launch in May 2003 a heat wave In the French region of Bretagne, Breizh Cola is available. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Breizh Cola "the cola of Brittany " bottled by Phare Ouest In Peru, Inca Kola outsells Coca-Cola. Inca Kola also known as Inca Cola or the Golden Kola is a Soft drink made in Peru. However, The Coca-Cola Company purchased the brand in 1999. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world In Sweden, Julmust outsells Coca-Cola during the Christmas season. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Julmust ( Swedish jul "Christmas" or " Yule " and must " Must " is a Soft drink ^[36] In Scotland, the locally-produced Irn-Bru was more popular than Coca-Cola until 2005, when Coca-Cola and Diet Coke began to outpace its sales. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Irn-Bru (pronounced iron brew ˈaɪɚn ˈbruː is a popular carbonated Soft drink produced in Scotland. ^[37] In India, Coca-Cola ranked third behind the leader, Pepsi-Cola, and local drink Thums Up. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Thums Up is a Carbonated Soft drink ( Cola) popular in India, where its bold red Thumbs up logo is common However, The Coca-Cola Company purchased Thums Up in 1993. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world Thums Up is a Carbonated Soft drink ( Cola) popular in India, where its bold red Thumbs up logo is common ^[38] As of 2004, Coca-Cola held a 60. 9% market-share in India. ^[39] Tropicola, a domestic drink, is served in Cuba instead of Coca-Cola, in which there exists a United States embargo. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Mecca Cola and Qibla Cola, in the Middle East, is a competitor to Coca-Cola. Mecca-Cola is a cola-flavoured carbonated beverage. The flagship product of the Mecca Cola World Company, it is marketed as an alternative to Qibla Cola a cola-flavoured carbonated beverage is the flagship product of the Qibla Cola Company based in Derby, England. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. In Turkey, Cola Turka is a major competitor to Coca-Cola. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Cola Turka is a Cola Brand from Turkish company Ülker that is also sold in Germany and Austria. In Iran and also many countries of Middle East, Zam Zam Cola and Parsi Cola are major competitors to Coca-Cola. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Zam Zam Cola (زم زم كولا is a cola-flavored Soft drink produced in Iran. Parsi Cola is a cola-flavoured Soft drink produced in Iran. It is popular in parts of the Middle East, where people both enjoy soft drinks and In some parts of China, Future cola or 非常可乐 can be bought. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Future Cola is a non-alcoholic beverage manufactured by Hangzhou Wahaha Group of China, where it holds a 7% market share making it the third-largest In Slovenia, the locally-produced Cockta is a major competitor to Coca-Cola, as is the inexpensive Mercator Cola, which is sold only in the country's biggest supermarket chain, Mercator. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Cockta is a soft drink from Slovenia. Its main ingredient comes from the Dog rose berry Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good For other uses of the word Mercator see Mercator. Mercator is a Slovenian Retail chain based in Ljubljana. In Madagascar, Classiko Cola, made by Tiko Group, the largest manufacturing company in the country, is a serious competitor to Coca-Cola in many regions. Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern On the Portuguese island of Madeira, Laranjada is the top selling soft drink. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the Laranjada is a type of carbonated Soft drink with an orange flavour which is sold in Bars Restaurants & supermarkets all over the island of Madeira In the UK Coca-Cola stated that Pepsi was not its main rival, but rather Robinsons drinks. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Robinsons is a British Soft drink brand owned by Britvic. Robinsons has a Royal warrant to Queen Elizabeth II and was an independent

Advertising

An 1890s advertisement showing model Hilda Clark in formal 19th century attire. Hilda Clark was an American model and actress She was born in 1872 in Leavenworth Kansas, to Lydia and Milton Edward Clark The term " Victorian Fashion " refers to Fashion in Clothing in the Victorian era, or the reign of Queen Victoria (1837&ndash1901 The ad is entitled Drink Coca-Cola 5¢.

Coca-Cola's advertising has had a significant impact on American culture, and is frequently credited with the "invention" of the modern image of Santa Claus as an old man in red-and-white garments; however, while the company did in fact start promoting this image in the 1930s in its winter advertising campaigns, it was already common before that. The development of the culture of the United States of America — music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle, or simply " Santa " is the ^[40] In fact, Coca-Cola was not even the first soft drink company to utilize the modern image Santa Claus in its advertising – White Rock Beverages used Santa in advertisements for its ginger ale in 1923 after first using him to sell mineral water in 1915. White Rock Beverages ( White Rock Products Corporation) is an American Beverage company located in Whitestone NY. Ginger ale is a Soft drink flavored with Ginger. History Ginger beer, a strongly flavoured fermented product appeared in the British In many places mineral water is often colloquially used to mean Carbonated water (which is usually carbonated mineral water as opposed to tap water ^[41][42]

Before Santa Claus, however, Coca-Cola relied on images of smartly-dressed young women to sell its beverages. Coca-Cola's first such advertisement appeared in 1895 and featured a young Bostonian actress named Hilda Clark as its spokesperson. Hilda Clark was an American model and actress She was born in 1872 in Leavenworth Kansas, to Lydia and Milton Edward Clark

In the 1970s, a song from a Coca-Cola commercial called "I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing", produced by Billy Davis, became a popular hit single. " I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing (In Perfect Harmony " is a pop song which originated as an advertising jingle produced by Billy Davis and sung Roquel Billy Davis ( July 11 1932 - September 2 2004) of Detroit was an American Songwriter, Record A hit single is a recorded track or single that has become very popular

Coca-Cola has a policy of avoiding using children younger than the age of 12 in any of its advertising. This decision was made as a result of a lawsuit from the beginning of the 20th century that alleged that Coke's caffeine content was dangerous to children. Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline Xanthine Alkaloid that acts as a Psychoactive Stimulant Drug and a mild Diuretic However, in recent times, this has not stopped the company from targeting young consumers.

Coke's advertising is rather pervasive, as one of Woodruff's stated goals was to ensure that everyone on Earth drank Coca-Cola as their preferred beverage. This is especially true in southern areas of the United States, such as Atlanta, where Coke was born. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Some of the memorable Coca-Cola television commercials between 1960 through 1986, were written and produced by former Atlanta radio veteran Don Naylor (WGST 1936-1950, WAGA 1951-1959) during his career as a producer for the McCann Erickson advertising agency. A television advertisement or television commercial (often just commercial or advert (US or ad (UK is a span of television programming produced Don Naylor ( May 31, 1910 - November 5, 1991) born Donald Covey Naylor in Millwood Texas was a writer producer singer and radio WGST (640 AM) is a Radio station licensed in the city of Atlanta, Georgia operating at a frequency of 640 KHz with 50000 Watts WAGA channel 5 is an owned-and-operated television station of the News Corporation -owned FOX Television Network and based in Atlanta Georgia McCann Erickson is a global Advertising agency network with offices in over 130 countries and almost eight decades of multinational experience. An advertising agency or ad agency is a service Business dedicated to creating planning and handling Advertising (and sometimes other forms of promotion Many of these early television commercials for Coca-Cola featured movie stars, sports heroes, and popular singers of the day. For other uses including various songs titled "Movie Star" see Movie star (disambiguation.

During the 1980s, Pepsi-Cola ran a series of television advertisements showing people participating in taste tests essentially demonstrating that: "Fifty percent of the participants who said they preferred Coke actually chose the Pepsi". Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Statisticians were quick to point out the problematic nature of a 50/50 result; that most likely all this really showed was that in blind tests, most people simply cannot tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke. Coca-Cola ran ads to combat Pepsi's ads in an incident sometimes referred to as the cola wars; one of Coke's ads compared the so-called Pepsi challenge to two chimpanzees deciding which tennis ball was furrier. The Cola Wars (a play on Cold War) was a campaign of mutually-targeted television advertisements and marketing campaigns in the 1980s and 1990s between The Pepsi Challenge has been an ongoing Marketing promotion run by PepsiCo since 1975. Chimpanzee (often shortened to chimp) is the common name for the two extant Species of Apes in the Genus Pan. A tennis ball is a ball designed for the sport of Tennis, approximately 2 Thereafter, Coca-Cola regained its leadership in the market.

Selena was a spokesperson for Coca-Cola from 1989 till the time of her death. Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (April 16 1971 – March 31 1995 best known as Selena, was an American Singer who has been called "The Queen of She filmed three commercials for the company. In 1994 to commemorate her 5 years with the company, Coca-Cola issued special Selena coke bottles. ^[43]

In an attempt to broaden its portfolio, Coca-Cola purchased Columbia Pictures in 1982. }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company Columbia provided subtle publicity through Coke product placements in many of its films while under Coke's ownership. However, after a few early successes, Columbia began to under-perform, and was dropped by the company in 1989.

Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history, including "The pause that refreshes", "I'd like to buy the world a Coke", and "Coke is it" (see Coca-Cola slogans). Advertising Slogans are short often memorable phrases used in advertising campaigns Coca-Cola has been notable for its advertising slogans over the years since its inception in 1886

In 2006, Coca-Cola introduced My Coke Rewards, a customer loyalty campaign where consumers earn virtual "points" by entering codes from special marked packages of Coca-Cola products into a website. My Coke Rewards is a customer loyalty marketing campaign from EPrize for the Coca-Cola Soft drink. These points can in turn be redeemed for various prizes or sweepstakes entries. ^[44]

Sponsorship of sporting events

Coca-Cola was the first-ever sponsor of the Olympic games, at the 1928 games in Amsterdam and has been an Olympics sponsor ever since. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west ^[45] This corporate sponsorship included the 1996 Summer Olympics hosted in Atlanta, which allowed Coca-Cola to spotlight its hometown. The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International Since 1978 Coca-Cola has sponsored each FIFA World Cup and other competitions organised by FIFA. The FIFA World Cup, occasionally called the Football World Cup, but usually referred to simply as the World Cup, is an international Association football In fact, one of the FIFA tournament trophy: FIFA World Youth Championship from Tunisia in 1977 to Malaysia in 1997 was called "FIFA - Coca Cola Cup". The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football) The FIFA U-20 World Cup, until 2005 known as the FIFA World Youth Championship, is the world championship of Association football for male players under the age of Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and ^[46] In addition, Coca-Cola sponsors the annual Coca-Cola 600 and Coke Zero 400 for the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series at Lowe's Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina and Daytona International Speedway in Daytona, Florida. The Coca-Cola 600 (formerly the World 600) and also known as the "Coke 600" is a in length Stock car race held annually at Lowe's Motor Speedway The Coke Zero 400 powered by Coca-Cola at Daytona is a 160 lap NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held on the first Saturday night of July The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. Lowe's Motor Speedway (formerly Charlotte Motor Speedway) is a speedway in Concord North Carolina, north of Charlotte. Daytona International Speedway is a Superspeedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. Coca-Cola has a long history of sports marketing relationships, which over the years have included Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association and the National Hockey League, as well as with many teams within those leagues. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America Coca-Cola is the official soft drink of many collegiate football teams throughout the nation. College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, Colleges and military academies

In India Coca Cola was the one of the official Sponsors of the 1996 Cricket World Cup. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The 1996 Cricket World Cup (aka Wills World Cup was won by Sri Lanka who beat Australia by 7 wickets at the final in Lahore.

In England, Coca-Cola is the main sponsor of The Football League, a name given to the three professional divisions below the Premier League in football (soccer). England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered It is also responsible for the renaming of these divisions- until the advent of Coca-Cola sponsorship, they were referred to as Divisions One, Two and Three. Since 2004, the divisions have been known as The Championship (equiv. of Division 1), League One (equiv. of Div. 2) and League 2 (equiv. of Division 3). This renaming has caused unrest amongst some fans who see it as farcical that the third tier of English Football is now called "League One. Football is the National sport of England and plays a significant role in English culture. " In 2005 Coca-cola launched a competition for the 72 clubs of the football league - it was called "Win a Player". This allowed fans to place 1 vote per day for their beloved club, with 1 entry being chose at random earning £250,000 for the club. This was repeated in 2006. The "Win A Player" competition was very controversial, as at the end of the 2 competitions, Leeds United AFC had the most votes by more than double, yet they did not win any money to spend on a new player for the club. In 2007 the competition changed to "Buy a Player". This competition allowed fans to buy a bottle of Coca-Cola Zero or Coca-Cola and submit the code on the wrapper on the Coca-Cola website {www. coca-colafootball. co. uk}. This code could then earn anything from 50p to £100,000 for a club of their choice. This competition was favoured over the old "Win A Player" competition as it allowed all clubs to win some money, instead of all the money going to one winning club.

In mass media

Coca-Cola has been prominently featured in countless films and television programs. It was a major plot element in films such as One, Two, Three, The Coca-Cola Kid, and The Gods Must Be Crazy. One Two Three ( 1961) is a comedy film directed by Billy Wilder and written by I The Coca Cola Kid is a romantic comedy Film, released in 1985. The Gods Must Be Crazy is a Film released in 1980 written and directed by Jamie Uys. It provides a setting for comical corporate shenanigans in the novel Syrup by Maxx Barry. Syrup is a satirical comedy of marketing and consumerism written by Max Barry, under Max Barry (also Maxx Barry; born 18 March 1973) is a contemporary Australian author

Criticisms

Main article: Criticism of Coca-Cola

The Coca-Cola Company has been criticized for its business practices as well as the alleged adverse health effects of its flagship product. The Coca-Cola Company has been criticized by various sources for various reasons A common criticism of Coke based on its allegedly toxic acidity levels has been found to be baseless by researchers; lawsuits based on these criticisms have been dismissed by several American courts for this reason. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy

Since there are indications that "soda and sweetened drinks are the main source of calories in [the] American diet,"^[47] most nutritionists advise that Coca-Cola and other soft drinks can be harmful if consumed excessively, particularly to young children whose soft drink consumption competes with, rather than complements, a balanced diet. Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision to cells and Organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food to support Studies have shown that regular soft drink users have a lower intake of calcium, magnesium, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and vitamin A. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 This article deals with the molecular aspects of ascorbic acid Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health Vitamin A refers to a family of similarly shaped molecules the Retinoids. ^[48] The drink has also aroused criticism for its use of caffeine, due to the possibility of physical dependence. Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline Xanthine Alkaloid that acts as a Psychoactive Stimulant Drug and a mild Diuretic Physical dependence (or drug dependence) refers to a state resulting from habitual use of a drug where negative physical Withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation ^[49] A link has been shown between long-term regular cola intake, of which Coca-Cola is the most consumed brand worldwide, and osteoporosis in older women (but not men). Cola is a sweet carbonated drink usually with Caramel coloring and containing Caffeine. Osteoporosis is a Disease of Bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. ^[50] This was thought to be due to the presence of phosphoric acid, and the risk was found to be same for caffeinated and noncaffeinated colas, as well as the same for diet and sugared colas. Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V acid, is a mineral (inorganic acid having the Chemical formula

Although numerous court cases have been filed against The Coca-Cola Company since the 1920s, alleging that the acidity of the drink is dangerous, no evidence corroborating this claim has been found. Under normal conditions, scientific evidence indicates Coca-Cola's acidity causes no immediate harm. Scientific evidence is Evidence which serves to either support or counter a scientific Theory or Hypothesis. ^[51]

There is also some concern regarding the usage of high fructose corn syrup in the production of Coca-Cola. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS is any of a group of Corn syrups that has undergone Enzymatic processing to increase its Fructose content and is then mixed Since 1985 in the U. S. , Coke has been made with high fructose corn syrup, instead of sugar glucose or fructose, to reduce costs. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS is any of a group of Corn syrups that has undergone Enzymatic processing to increase its Fructose content and is then mixed This has come under criticism because of concerns that the corn used to produce corn syrup may come from genetically altered plants. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Corn syrup is a Syrup, made using Cornstarch as a feedstock and composed mainly of Glucose. ^[52] Some nutritionists also caution against consumption of high fructose corn syrup because of possible links to obesity and type-2 diabetes. ^[53]

In India, there exists a major controversy concerning pesticides and other harmful chemicals in bottled products including Coca-Cola. A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated waters produced by soft drinks manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, contained toxins including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos — pesticides that can contribute to cancer and a breakdown of the immune system. The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE (founded in 1980 is an Indian Non-governmental organization seeking to create public awareness in India about Science New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. Aerated water is correctly speaking Distilled water to which purified Air is added to improve its flavor PepsiCo Incorporated (Short for Pepsi Company ( is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non- carbonated Lindane, also known as gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, (γ-HCH benzene hexachloride (BHC gammaxene and Gammallin, is an Organochlorine DDT (from its trivial name D ichloro- D iphenyl- T richloroethane is one of the best known synthetic Pesticides It is a chemical with a long Malathion is an Organophosphate Parasympathomimetic which binds irreversibly to Cholinesterase. Chlorpyrifos is a toxic crystalline Organophosphate Insecticide that inhibits Acetylcholinesterase and is used to control insect pests A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor Tested products included Coke, Pepsi, and several other soft drinks, many produced by The Coca-Cola Company. CSE found that the Indian produced Pepsi's soft drink products had 36 times the level of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations; Coca-Cola's soft drink was found to have 30 times the permitted amount. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in CSE said it had tested the same products sold in the US and found no such residues. ^[54] After the pesticide allegations were made in 2003, Coca-Cola sales declined by 15%. In 2004, an Indian parliamentary committee backed up CSE's findings, and a government-appointed committee was tasked with developing the world's first pesticide standards for soft drinks. The Coca-Cola Company has responded that its plants filter water to remove potential contaminants and that its products are tested for pesticides and must meet minimum health standards before they are distributed. ^[55] In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Coca-Cola, along with other soft drinks, was initially banned, before the High Court in Kerala overturned the ban ruling that only the federal government can ban food products. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Coca-Cola has also been accused of excessive water usage in India. ^[56]

Alternative propulsion and Global Warming Policy

Main article: Climate Change

As gas prices zoom closer to $4 a gallon in 2008, Coca-Cola Co. Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences and its two largest U. S. bottlers are shifting their fleets to hybrid electric vehicles. A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV is a Hybrid vehicle which combines a conventional propulsion system with a Rechargeable energy storage system (RESS ^[57]

Coca-Cola as a political and corporate symbol

Coca-Cola advertising in the High Atlas mountains (Morocco). High Atlas, also called the Grand Atlas Mountains (الاطلس الكبير and Haut Atlas is a Mountain range in central Morocco Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa

The Coca-Cola drink has a high degree of identification with the United States itself, being considered by some an "American Brand" or to a small extent as an item representing America. The identification with the spread of American culture has led to the pun "Coca-Colanization". Cocacolonization (alternatively coca-colonization) is a term that refers to Globalization or Cultural colonization. ^[58] The drink is also often a metonym for the Coca-Cola Company. In Rhetoric, metonymy (mɨˈtɒnɨmi is the use of a word for a concept or object associated with the concept/object originally denoted by the word

There are some consumer boycotts of Coca-Cola in Arab countries due to Coke's early investment in Israel during the Arab League boycott of Israel (this contrasts sharply to Pepsi which stayed out of Israel). ^[59] Mecca Cola and Pepsi have been successful in the Middle East as an alternative. Mecca-Cola is a cola-flavoured carbonated beverage. The flagship product of the Mecca Cola World Company, it is marketed as an alternative to

The art group monochrom as part of their 2005 "Experience The Experience" tour created a "Brick Of Coke". An art group refers to an association of Artists who may work (or live communally, for the purpose of facilitating the creation of Art, either that belonging monochrom is an international Art - Technology - Philosophy group founded in 1993. To do this, they put several gallons of Coca-Cola into a pot and boiled it down until the residue left behind could be molded into a brick. ^[60]

See also

• The World of Coca-Cola
• OpenCola
• I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing
• List of Coca-Cola brands

Coca-Cola variations

• Coca-Cola
• New Coke (renamed Coke II)
• Diet Coke (also known as Coca-Cola Light)
• Diet Coke Plus
• Coca-Cola C2
• Coca-Cola Zero
• Coca-Cola Cherry Zero
• Coca-Cola Cherry
• Diet Coke Cherry
• Coca-Cola with Lemon
• Diet Coke with Lemon
• Coca-Cola Vanilla Zero
• Coca-Cola Vanilla
• Diet Coca-Cola Vanilla
• Coca-Cola with Lime
• Diet Coke with Lime
• Coca-Cola Raspberry
• Diet Coke Raspberry
• Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla
• Diet Coke Cherry Vanilla
• Coca-Cola Blāk
• Diet Coca-Cola with Citrus (Lemon and Lime)
• Coca-Cola with Orange (Out June 2007 in the UK)^[61]
• TaB (original Diet Coke, still available in some countries)
• Passover Coca-Cola - a Kosher for Passover Coke made with pure cane sugar instead of corn syrup. The World of Coca-Cola is a permanent exhibition featuring the history of The Coca-Cola Company and its well-known advertising as well as a host of entertainment areas and attractions Opencola (originally openCOLA was a Toronto -based software company founded in 1999 by Grad Conn Cory Doctorow and John Henson to create " c ollaboration " I'd Like to Teach the World to Sing (In Perfect Harmony " is a pop song which originated as an advertising jingle produced by Billy Davis and sung List of all brands (fully or partially owned by the The Coca-Cola Company: 0-9 A AdeS - drinking water available in Indonesia New Coke was the unofficial name of the sweeter formulation introduced in 1985 by The Coca-Cola Company to replace its flagship Soft drink, Coca-Cola Diet Coke (formally known as Diet Coca-Cola) is a Sugar -free Soft drink produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company. Diet Coke Plus (also known as Coca Cola Light Plus) is a new formulation of Diet Coke fortified with vitamins and minerals Coca-Cola C2 (also referred to as Coke C2, C2 Cola, or simply C2) was a Cola -flavored Beverage introduced by The Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Zero or Coke Zero is a product of the Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola Zero or Coke Zero is a product of the Coca-Cola Company. Coca-Cola Cherry is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company's bottlers. Coca-Cola Cherry is produced and distributed by The Coca-Cola Company's bottlers. Coca-Cola with Lemon is a Soft drink brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company, launched to compete with Pepsi Twist. Coca-Cola with Lemon is a Soft drink brand owned by The Coca-Cola Company, launched to compete with Pepsi Twist. Coca-Cola Vanilla (formerly known as Vanilla Coke, and for a time in the summer of 2003 V) is the Soft drink Coca-Cola made to a recipe with Coca-Cola Vanilla (formerly known as Vanilla Coke, and for a time in the summer of 2003 V) is the Soft drink Coca-Cola made to a recipe with Coca-Cola Vanilla (formerly known as Vanilla Coke, and for a time in the summer of 2003 V) is the Soft drink Coca-Cola made to a recipe with Coca-Cola with Lime was a variation of the original Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola with Lime was a variation of the original Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola Raspberry was a Coca-Cola drink with a raspberry flavour that was sold in New Zealand on a trial basis Coca-Cola Raspberry was a Coca-Cola drink with a raspberry flavour that was sold in New Zealand on a trial basis Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla and Diet Coke Black Cherry Vanilla were varieties of Coca-Cola that were launched in January 2006 by The Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Black Cherry Vanilla and Diet Coke Black Cherry Vanilla were varieties of Coca-Cola that were launched in January 2006 by The Coca-Cola Coca-Cola BlāK is a Coffee -flavored Soft drink introduced by Coca-Cola in 2006 Tab (styled as "TaB" is a diet cola Soft drink produced by the Coca-Cola Company. Chametz (חָמֵץ (also Chometz or Chumetz) refers to bread grains and leavened products that are not consumed on the Jewish holiday of Passover Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Corn syrup is a Syrup, made using Cornstarch as a feedstock and composed mainly of Glucose. ^[62]

Notes

External links

• Coca-Cola website
• The Contour Bottle - MySpace
• Urban Legends Reference Pages: Cokelore
• Ronen Liwski's Coca-Cola cans collection