| Cleveland | |
 Cleveland shown within England | |
| Geography | |
| Status | Non-metropolitan county |
| HQ | Middlesbrough |
| ONS code | 14 |
| History | |
| Origin | Teesside and environs |
| Created | 1974 |
| Abolished | 1996 |
| Succeeded by | Hartlepool Stockton-on-Tees Middlesbrough Redcar and Cleveland |
| Demography | |
|---|---|
| 1981 population | 565,935 |
| 1991 population | 541,333 |
| Politics | |
| Governance | Cleveland County Council |
 Coat of arms of Cleveland County Council | |
| Subdivisions | |
| Type | Non-metropolitan districts |
 | |
| Units | |
Cleveland is an area in the north east of England. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data Teesside is the name given to the Conurbation in the North East of England made up of the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Hartlepool is a local government district and Borough in the Ceremonial county of County Durham, North East England Stockton-on-Tees is a Unitary authority area and borough in the Tees Valley area of North East England, with a population in 2001 of 178408 Middlesbrough is a Unitary authority and borough in North Yorkshire, England. The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a Unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. Hartlepool is a local government district and Borough in the Ceremonial county of County Durham, North East England Stockton-on-Tees is a Unitary authority area and borough in the Tees Valley area of North East England, with a population in 2001 of 178408 Middlesbrough is a Unitary authority and borough in North Yorkshire, England. The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a Unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Its name means literally "cliff-land", referring to its hilly southern areas, which rise to nearly 1,500 ft. Historically Cleveland, part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, was located entirely to the south of the River Tees and its largest town was Guisborough. The North Riding of Yorkshire was one of the three historic subdivisions of the English county of Yorkshire, alongside the East and West The Tees is a river in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Pennines, and flows eastwards for about 85 miles Guisborough ( IPA /ˈgizbrə/ is a Market town within the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire
A non-metropolitan county of Cleveland was created in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, named after the historic region but not covering it all, and also including land north of the River Tees in County Durham. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales It was based around the Teesside urban area and included Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees, Hartlepool and Redcar. Teesside is the name given to the Conurbation in the North East of England made up of the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees Middlesbrough ( IPA ( Received pronunciation) is a Town in the Tees Valley sub-region of the North East of England Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in North East England. It is the major settlement in the unitary authority area and Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. Hartlepool ('hɑːtlɪpuːl is a North Sea port in North East England Redcar is a Seaside resort and the principal town in the Unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire At this time the use of the name ‘Cleveland’ or ‘Teesside’ to refer to the area was virtually interchangeable. The county was abolished in 1996[1] with its boroughs becoming unitary authorities and the Tees re-established as the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham for ceremonial purposes only. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies
Contents |
Heritage
Cleveland has a significant industrial heritage arising from its central role in the 19th century iron boom that led to Middlesbrough growing from a hamlet into a major industrial town in only a few decades. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 The Cleveland Hills, in the southern part of the district, were key suppliers of the ironstone that was essential to the running of the blast furnaces alongside the River Tees. The Cleveland Hills are a range of hills on the northern edge of the North York Moors in North Yorkshire, England, overlooking Cleveland and Ironstone is a fine-grained heavy and compact Sedimentary rock. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. Middlesbrough's Teesport is still one of the United Kingdom's main ports and the area between Middlesbrough and Redcar is still populated by many heavy industrial plants, although this is much reduced from its 20th century peak. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on
County of Cleveland
Formation
Between 1974 and 1996 most of Cleveland was incorporated into a non-metropolitan county of the same name, formed from parts of the North Riding of Yorkshire and County Durham. A non-metropolitan county or shire county in England, is a county-level entity which is not a Metropolitan county. Unlike the traditional geographic area, the county was formed around the Tees estuary and included lands on both sides of the river. It excluded the southernmost parts of traditional Cleveland, including much of the Cleveland Hills, although the original proposal for this county was much larger and covered the coast down including Whitby and the Whitby Rural District. The Cleveland Hills are a range of hills on the northern edge of the North York Moors in North Yorkshire, England, overlooking Cleveland and Whitby is a historic town and Civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire on the north-east coast of England.
The county was called "Cleveland", instead of "Teesside" as originally proposed in the Local Government Bill, due to fears in areas not part of the old Teesside county borough that it represented a takeover. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales Teesside is the name given to the Conurbation in the North East of England made up of the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City It was formed on April 1, 1974, from the former county boroughs of Teesside and Hartlepool, the Stockton Rural District from Durham, and from the North Riding of Yorkshire, the urban districts of Guisborough, Loftus, Saltburn and Marske-by-the-Sea and Skelton and Brotton, along with some parishes from Stokesley Rural District. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City Teesside is the name given to the Conurbation in the North East of England made up of the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees Hartlepool ('hɑːtlɪpuːl is a North Sea port in North East England Guisborough ( IPA /ˈgizbrə/ is a Market town within the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire Loftus is a town in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the Ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. Saltburn Marske and New Marske is a Civil parish in Redcar and Cleveland in North East England. Skelton and Brotton is a Civil parish in the Unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland, England. Stokesley was a Rural district in the North Riding of Yorkshire from 1894 to 1974.
The four districts of the County of Cleveland were Hartlepool, Langbaurgh-on-Tees, Stockton-on-Tees, and Middlesbrough. Hartlepool is a local government district and Borough in the Ceremonial county of County Durham, North East England The borough of Redcar & Cleveland is a Unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England consisting of Redcar Stockton-on-Tees is a Unitary authority area and borough in the Tees Valley area of North East England, with a population in 2001 of 178408 Middlesbrough is a Unitary authority and borough in North Yorkshire, England. The county town was Middlesbrough. It had a total area of 225 square miles (583 km²) and an estimated population of 567,600 in 2000. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The county bordered County Durham to the north and North Yorkshire to the south, and it faced the North Sea to the east. North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf.
Abolition
Cleveland was one of the areas in the first tranche of reviews conducted by the Banham Commission. The structure of Local government in the United Kingdom underwent large changes in the 1990s The Commission's final recommendations, accepted by the government, were that each of the districts should be made a unitary authority, and additionally that the Tees should be re-established as a ceremonial border. This was fiercely contested by Cleveland County Council, who applied for judicial review over the decision. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. Judicial review is the power of the courts to annul the acts of the executive and/or the legislative power where it finds them incompatible with a higher norm According to the Minister, David Curry, in the Commons debate on the order on January 11, 1995, this caused a delay from April 1, 1995 as the reorganisation date to April 1, 1996. David Maurice Curry (born 13 June 1944 is a British politician Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The rationale for Cleveland's abolition remains unclear and the majority of residents appeared to prefer to remain under a clear and defined county, particularly in hindsight.
As the first of the Orders to be laid before Parliament, it was done in two stages. The Cleveland (Structural Change) Order 1995 [2] had the main effect of abolishing the County Council, whilst The Cleveland (Further Provision) Order 1995 [1] abolished the actual county, creating four new (non-metropolitan) unitary authorities coterminous with each of the boroughs. A division was forced by the Opposition, on the first Order, with 310 in favour and 223 in opposition. Of Cleveland's 6 MPs, Mo Mowlam and Frank Cook (both Labour) voted against, with Tim Devlin and Michael Bates (both Conservative) voted for. Marjorie "Mo" Mowlam PhD (18 September 1949 &ndash 19 August 2005 was a British Politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland and For Frank Cook former drummer for the blues rock band Canned Heat see Canned Heat. Timothy Robert Devlin, known as Tim Devlin, (born 13 June, 1959) was the Conservative Member of Parliament for the Stockton South Stuart Bell and Peter Mandelson (both Labour) were present at the debate but did not vote. Sir Stuart Bell (born 16 May 1938) is a British Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament for Middlesbrough. Peter Benjamin Mandelson (born 21 October 1953 called "Mandy" by much of the British News media, is a British Labour Politician who is the serving
On April 1, 1996, the Orders came into force. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The district of Langbaurgh-on-Tees was renamed Redcar and Cleveland, the County of Cleveland was abolished, and four unitary authorities authorities created. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions The post of Lord Lieutenant of Cleveland was abolished, with the area being split between the ceremonial counties of Durham and North Yorkshire. This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Cleveland since its creation in 1974 to its abolition (and that of the county in 1996 The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies North Yorkshire is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county in However, Cleveland Police and other institutions covering the four boroughs, were retained. This article is about the English police force For the Ohio police force please see Cleveland Police Department. The area (including Hartlepool) is known as 'Teesside' for some purposes, and with Darlington the term Tees Valley is becoming more popular in the press and with local government, although it continues to be generally unused and unrecognised by the actual residents of this area. Darlington is a local government district and Borough in North East England. The Tees Valley is an area in the North East of England. It can be described as "greater Teesside " and consists of the four unitary authorities
Identity
As a small, recently formed authority, Cleveland was not well known, leaving the post-1996 boroughs effectively unheard of to all but the local population or those with links to the area. Recent investigations into the resident populations opinions as to their own identity reveal that people believe themselves to be part of either 'Cleveland', 'Teesside', 'Yorkshire' or 'Durham'. The age of the interviewee appears to be the defining factor as to which title they identify with.
The name Cleveland has not been entirely eliminated; these bodies still exist:
- Cleveland and Teesside Local History Society
- Cleveland Bridge
- Cleveland College of Art & Design
- Cleveland Family History Society
- Cleveland Fire Brigade
- Cleveland Police
Cleveland is a Church of England archdeaconry, in the Diocese of York. The Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company is a renowned Bridge building and Structural engineering company based in Darlington, England Cleveland College of Art & Design is a further and Higher education Art and Design college based in the North East of England The Cleveland Family History Society, more formally The Cleveland, North Yorkshire and South Durham Family History Society, is a family history Cleveland Fire Brigade is the Statutory fire and rescue service covering the boroughs of Hartlepool, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland This article is about the English police force For the Ohio police force please see Cleveland Police Department. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican A position of archdeacon is a senior position in Anglicanism, Syrian Malabar Nasrani, and in some other Christian denominations above that of most The Archbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. It covers a large area including Middlesbrough, Thirsk, Pickering and Whitby. Thirsk is a small Market town in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. Pickering is an ancient Market town and Civil parish in the Ryedale district of the County of North Yorkshire, England,
Cleveland was for many years also the name of a constituency for the House of Commons. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The Cleveland constituency had been created by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, by the division of the North Riding constituency, and was succeeded by the Cleveland and Whitby for the February 1974 general election. Cleveland was a County constituency in the North Riding of Yorkshire. The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict c 23 was a piece of British Electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House North Riding of Yorkshire was a parliamentary constituency in the North Riding of Yorkshire. Cleveland and Whitby was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Whitby in northern England Results |} Total votes 31321982 All parties are shown The seats won by the Ulster Unionists are compared with those won by Unionist MPs in the 1970 election The TS postcode area, which covers much of the former county, is also known officially as the Cleveland postcode area. The TS postcode area, also known as the Cleveland postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Billingham, Guisborough, Hartlepool, [3] Cleveland was adopted by the Royal Mail as a postal county in 1974. The postal counties of the United Kingdom, now known officially as the former postal counties, were subdivisions of the UK in routine use by the Royal Mail The 'TS' implies that the county of Cleveland was originally to be named Teesside or that the postcoding scheme was divised for a larger County Borough of Teesside than was actually created. Teesside is the name given to the Conurbation in the North East of England made up of the towns of Middlesbrough, Stockton-on-Tees
Geography
The area is extremely varied geographically. The Tees estuary is highly industrialised and urbanised. Much of the remainder of the lowland parts of Cleveland is farmland. East Cleveland marks the northern end of the chain of cliffs that runs along the North Yorkshire Heritage Coast. South Cleveland is extremely hilly, forming the escarpment of the North York Moors. The North York Moors (also known as the North Yorkshire Moors) is a national park in North Yorkshire, England. One of the best known symbols of Cleveland is the distinctive hill of Roseberry Topping, which overlooks Newton-under-Roseberry on the Great Ayton to Guisborough road. Roseberry Topping is a distinctive Hill on the border between North Yorkshire and the borough of Redcar and Cleveland, England, of which Great Ayton is a Village and Civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire on the edge of the North York Moors in Its original roughly conical form was undercut by extensive mining, giving it a jagged appearance that many have thought reminiscent of the Matterhorn mountain. "Cervino" redirects here For the Italian town see Cervino (CE.
Geographical features
Towns and villages
- Billingham
- Brotton
- Guisborough
- Hartlepool
- Loftus
- Marske-by-the-Sea
- Middlesbrough
- Redcar
- Saltburn
- Seaton Carew
- Stockton-on-Tees
- Thornaby-on-Tees
- Yarm
Town twinning
See also
- Cleveland Bay
- Duke of Cleveland
- Earl of Cleveland
- East Cleveland
- Cleveland Way
- List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cleveland
References
External links
- Historic Cleveland, full of useful information about that part of the old North Riding of Yorkshire from the River Tees down to the Moors
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