The citrate anion

A citrate can refer either to the conjugate base of citric acid, (C₃H₅O(COO)₃³⁻), or to the esters of citric acid. Within the Brønsted - Lowry ( protonic) theory of acids and bases, a conjugate acid is the acid member HX of a pair of two compounds that transform Citric acid is a weak organic Acid. It is a natural Preservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and Soft drinks Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is trimethyl citrate. A salt, in Chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of Acids and bases. Trisodium citrate has the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7 It is sometimes referred to simply as Sodium citrate, though

Other citric acid ions

Since citric acid is a multifunctional acid, intermediate ions exist, hydrogen citrate ion, HC₆H₅O₇²⁻ and dihydrogen citrate ion, H₂C₆H₅O₇⁻. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are These may form salts as well, called acid salts. Acid salts are a class of salts formed when a dibasic or tribasic Acid has been neutralized to some degree

pH

Salts of the hydrogen peroxide citrate ions are weakly acidic, while salts of the citrate ion itself (with an inert cation such as sodium ion) are weakly basic.

Buffering

Citrate is a key component in the commonly used SSC 20X hybridization buffer. There exists authoritative literature (Maniatis) that incorrectly instructs the preparation of this buffer to include 3M NaCl and 0. 3M Sodium Citrate, to be titrated up with NaOH to a pH of 7. Titration is a common laboratory method of Quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown Concentration of a known Reactant When the two components are actually mixed together, the pH is slightly basic. Therefore, the pH of the solution should instead be titrated down to 7 with HCl.

Citric acid can act as a mild chelating agent.

Metabolism

TCA cycle

Citrate is an intermediate in the TCA (Krebs) Cycle. After the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex forms acetyl CoA, from pyruvate and five cofactors (Thiamine pyrophosphate, lipoamide, FAD, NAD⁺, and CoA), citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with Acetyl CoA to form citrate. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC is a complex of three Enzymes that transform Pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA by a process called Pyruvate decarboxylation Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism used in many biochemical reactions Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP or thiamine diphosphate (ThDP is a Thiamine derivative which is cleaved by Thiamine pyrophosphatase. Lipoamide is a Trivial name for 68-dithiooctanoic amide It is 68-dithiooctanoic acid 's functional form where the Carboxyl group is attached to Protein In Biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide ( FAD) is a Redox cofactor involved in several important reactions in Metabolism. The enzyme citrate synthase (EC 2331 4137 exists in nearly all living cells and stands as a pace-making enzyme in the first step of the Citric Acid Cycle (or Krebs Cycle Citrate continues in the TCA cycle via aconitase with the eventual regeneration of oxaloacetate, which can combine with another molecule of acetyl CoA and continue cycling. The citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle ( TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle, (or rarely the Szent-Györgyi–Krebs cycle Aconitase (aconitate hydratase EC 4213 is an enzyme that catalyses the stereo-specific Isomerization of Citrate to Isocitrate

See also TCA cycle

Role in Glycolysis

High concentration of citrate can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the pace-maker of glycolysis. The citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle ( TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle, (or rarely the Szent-Györgyi–Krebs cycle "PFK" redirects here PFK (Poulet Frit Kentucky is also the name for KFC in French -speaking Quebec, Canada. See also Gluconeogenesis, which carries out a process wherein glucose is synthesized rather than catabolized