Chicago Board of Trade Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
(U.S. National Historic Landmark)
(Chicago Landmark)
The Chicago Board of Trade Building was Chicago's tallest from 1930 until 1965. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the (photo: 2006)
Location:	141 W. Jackson Boulevard Chicago, Illinois
Coordinates:	41°52′41.25″N 87°37′56.1″W / 41.878125, -87.63225
Built/Founded:	1930
Architect:	Holabird & Root
Architectural style(s):	Art Deco
Added to NRHP:	June 16, 1978
Designated as NHL:	June 2, 1978
Designated as CL:	May 4, 1977
NRHP Reference#:	78003181[1]
Governing body:	Private

The Chicago Board of Trade Building is a skyscraper located in Chicago, Illinois. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The architectural firm of Holabird & Roche was founded in Chicago in 1880 Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. It stands at 141 W. Jackson Boulevard at the foot of the LaSalle Street canyon, in the Loop community area in Cook County, Illinois, United States. LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named for Sieur de La Salle, an early explorer of Illinois. Population According to the 2000 Census, 16388 people live in the Loop The City of Chicago is divided into seventy-seven community areas. Cook County is a county in the US state of Illinois. It is the second most populous county in the United States after Los Angeles The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the First designated a Chicago Landmark on May 4, 1977,^[2] the building was listed as a National Historic Landmark on June 2, 1978. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) ^[3][4] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 16, 1978. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) Originally built for the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), it is now the primary trading venue for the CME Group, formed in 2007 by the merger of the CBOT and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The Chicago Board of Trade ( CBOT) established in 1848 is the world's oldest futures and options exchange. CME Group Inc ( is the world’s largest Futures exchange. CME Group was created July 12 2007 from the merger between the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME and the Chicago ^[5]

The 141 W. Jackson address hosted the former tallest building in Chicago designed by William W. Boyington before the current Holabird & Root structure, which held the same title for over 35 years. This list of tallest buildings in Chicago ranks Skyscrapers by height in the U William W Boyington (1818-1898 was an Architect who designed several notable structures in and around Chicago Illinois. The architectural firm of Holabird & Roche was founded in Chicago in 1880 ^[6] The current structure is known for its art deco architecture, sculptures and large-scale stone carving, as well as large trading floors. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Stone carving is an ancient activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone The notion of "trading room" (sometimes used as a synonym of " Trading floor " is widely used in Financial markets to refer to the Office space A three-story art deco statue of Ceres, goddess of grain, caps the building. The building is a popular sightseeing attraction and location for shooting movies, and its owners and management have won awards for efforts to preserve the building and for office management. Historic preservation or heritage conservation is a professional endeavor that seeks to preserve the ability of older (e

Early history

Early locations

On April 3, 1848, the Chicago Board of Trade opened for business at 101 S. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Water Street. When 122 members were added in 1856, it was moved to the corner of South Water and LaSalle Streets. LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named for Sieur de La Salle, an early explorer of Illinois. After another temporary relocation west on South Water Street in 1860, the first permanent home was established within the Chamber of Commerce Building on the corner of LaSalle and Washington Streets in 1865. A chamber of commerce (also referred to in some circles as a board of trade) is a form of Business network. In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire destroyed this building. The Great Chicago Fire was a Conflagration that burned from Sunday October 8 to early Tuesday October 10 1871 killing hundreds and destroying about four square miles in The exchange temporarily reopened two weeks after the fire in a 90 ft × 90 ft (27 m × 27 m) wooden building known as "the Wigwam" at the intersection of Washington and Market Streets,^[7] before reclaiming its home in a new building constructed at the Chamber of Commerce site one year later. The Wigwam was a convention center and meeting hall that served as the site of the 1860 Republican National Convention.

Permanent home

In 1882, construction began of the CBOT's new home, which opened at the current location on May 1, 1885. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It was designed by William W. Boyington, known previously for his work on the Chicago Water Tower. William W Boyington (1818-1898 was an Architect who designed several notable structures in and around Chicago Illinois. The Chicago Water Tower is a contributing property in the Old Chicago Water Tower District Landmark district Built from structural steel and Maine granite, with a rear of enameled brick, it was 10 stories tall and featured a tower 320 ft (98 m) tall containing a large clock and 4,500 pounds (2,000 kg/320 st) bell, topped by a 9 ft × 8 ft (2. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. In a discussion of Material science, enamel (or vitreous enamel or porcelain enamel in U The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass The stone is a unit of Weight. It is part of the Imperial system of weights and measures used in the British Isles, and formerly used in most 7 m × 2. 4 m) copper weather vane in the shape of a ship. Construction cost $1. 8 million. With four elevators and a great hall 80 ft (24 m) high decorated by a stained-glass skylight and ornate stone balusters,^[8] it was the first commercial building in Chicago to have electric lighting. A great hall was the main room of a royal Palace, a Nobleman 's Castle or a large Manor house in the Middle Ages, and A baluster (according to OED derived through the French balustre, from Italian balaustro, from balaustra, "pomegranate flower" ^[9] It was also the first building in the city to exceed 300 ft (91 m) in height and at the time was the tallest building in Chicago.

Old Chicago Board of Trade Building

Exterior, 1928

Large room, with flags and banners for Lincoln's 100th birthday, 1909

Entrance with U.S.A. flag and a horse drawn wagon in street, 1909

Crowd gathered in a room in the Board of Trade, 1909

The building attracted tourists and visitors. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Flags of the United States The Flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of Red (top and bottom alternating Viewing galleries were opened to the public for the first time in honor of the World's Columbian Exposition. The World's Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago World's Fair) a World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary ^[7] In 1895, the clock tower was removed and the "tallest building in Chicago" record was then held by the 302 ft (92 m) tall Masonic Temple Building. This list of tallest buildings in Chicago ranks Skyscrapers by height in the U ^[10] Built on caissons surrounded by muck, the trading house was rendered structurally unsound in the 1920s when construction began across the street on the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. In Geotechnical engineering, a caisson is a retaining watertight structure used for example to work on the foundations of a Bridge pier, Muck is a Soil made up primarily of Humus from drained Swampland It is known as black soil in The Fens of eastern England, where it The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago is one of twelve regional Reserve Banks that along with the Board of Governors in Washington D The 1885 building was subsequently demolished in 1929,^[11] and the exchange temporarily moved to Van Buren and Clark while a new building was constructed at the LaSalle and Jackson site. Chicago's Clark Street is a north-south street in Chicago running from 7600 North to 2200 South in the city street numbering system.

Night view of the top of The Chicago Board of Trade with the statue of Ceres clearly visible.

Building details

Architecture

In 1925, the Chicago Board of Trade commissioned Holabird & Root to design the current building. The architectural firm of Holabird & Roche was founded in Chicago in 1880 The general contractors Hegeman & Harris built it for $11. A general contractor is a group or individual that Contracts with another organization or individual (the owner for the Construction or Renovation 3 million, although the reported twenty-year mortgage value was $12 million. ^[12][13] Clad in gray Indiana limestone, topped with a copper pyramid roof, and standing on a site running 174 ft (53 m) east–west on Jackson Boulevard and 240 ft (73 m) north–south on LaSalle Street, the 605 ft (184 m) tall art deco-styled building opened on June 9, 1930. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It serves as the southern border for the skyscrapers hugging LaSalle Street and is taller than surrounding structures for several blocks. The Chicago Board of Trade has operated continuously on its twelfth floor since the 1930 opening, dedicating 19,000 square feet (1,765 m²) to what was then the world's largest trading floor. ^[14] The advent of steel frame structural systems allowed completely vertical construction; but as with many skyscrapers of the era, the exterior was designed with multiple setbacks at increasing heights, which served to allow additional light into the ever-deepening concrete valleys in urban cores. Steel frame usually refers to a building technique with a " Skeleton frame" of vertical Steel Columns and horizontal I-beams constructed The term structural system or frame in Structural engineering refers to load -resisting Sub-system of a structure A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper A setback, sometimes called step-back is a step-like recession in a Wall. At night, the setbacks are upwardly lit by floodlights, further emphasizing the structure's vertical elements. The night illumination design was a common contemporary Chicago architectural theme, seen also in the Wrigley, Jewelers, Palmolive and LaSalle-Wacker buildings and Tribune Tower. The Wrigley Building (410 N Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois) is a Skyscraper located directly across Michigan Avenue from 35 East Wacker or North American Life Insurance Building (its name on the Michigan-Wacker Historic District contributing property listing and (formerly Pure The Palmolive Building, formerly the Playboy Building, is a 37 story Art Deco building at 919 N The LaSalle-Wacker Building, at 221 North LaSalle Street, is a 41 story Skyscraper at the north end of the LaSalle Street canyon in the Loop The Tribune Tower is a Gothic building located at 435 North Michigan Avenue in Chicago, Illinois. ^[15] Interior decoration includes polished surfaces throughout, the use of black and white marble, prominent vertical hallway trim, and an open three-story lobby which at the time of opening housed the world's largest light fixture. Interior decoration or decor is the Art of decorating a room so that it is attractive easy to use and functions well with the existing Architecture Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of A light fixture is an electrical device used to create artificial light or illumination Though One LaSalle Street had five more floors, the CBOT building was the first in Chicago to exceed a height of 600 ft (180 m). After surpassing the Chicago Temple Building, it was the tallest in Chicago until the Richard J. Daley Center was completed in 1965. The Chicago Temple Building is a 173 Meter (568 foot tall Skyscraper church located in Chicago, Illinois, United States Building features The Richard J Daley Center houses more than 120 court and hearing rooms as well as the official law library of the City of Chicago Known for its work on the Brooklyn Bridge, the family-operated factory of John A. Roebling supplied all of the cables used in the building's 23 Otis elevators. The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest Suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5989 feet (1825 m over the East River connecting the John Augustus Roebling (born Johann August Röbling, June 12, 1806 in Mühlhausen - July 22, 1869) was a German-born The Otis Elevator Company is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transportation systems today principally Elevators and Escalators Founded in Yonkers ^[16][17] Beneath the main trading floor over 2,700 miles (4,300 km) of telephone and telegraph wires were once hidden. No less than 150,000 miles (240,000 km) of wires (considered possibly the most direct long-distance wire from any building) once ran from the room. ^[18] Although the building was commissioned for the Chicago Board of Trade, its first tenant was the Quaker Oats Company, which moved in on May 1, 1930. The Quaker Oats Company is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[19]

Artwork

Statue of Industry		Statue of Agriculture

Sculptural work by Alvin Meyer, the onetime leader of Holabird & Root's sculpture department, is prominent on the building's façade, and represents the trading activities within. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear On each side of the 13 ft (4. 0 m) diameter clock facing LaSalle Street are hooded figures, an Egyptian holding grain and a Native American holding corn. This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States ^[20][21][22] Similar figures are repeated at the uppermost corners of the central tower, just below the sloping roof. The additional 35 ft (11 m) Industry and Agriculture relief sculptures are considered part of a four-piece set. A relief is a Sculptured Artwork where a modeled form is raised (or alternatively lowered from a flattened background without being disconnected from it ^[23] About 30 ft (9. 1 m) above street level, representations of bulls protrude directly from the limestone cladding on the building's north side and to a lesser degree on the east side, a reference to a bull market. In Investing, Financial markets are commonly believed to have market trends that can be classified as primary trends secondary trends (short-term and secular trends

The central structure is capped by a 6,500 pound, 31 ft (9. 4 m) tall aluminum statue of the Roman goddess of grain, Ceres, holding a sheaf of wheat in the left hand and a bag of corn in the right hand, as a nod to the exchange's heritage as a commodities market. A commodity is anything for which there is demand but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market This statue was assembled from 40 pieces. ^[24][25] As it is near the forty-five story point, sculptor John H. Storrs believed onlookers from nearby structures would be too far to clearly see the statue's face, and therefore it was left blank.

Commissioned in 1930 but removed from the agricultural trading room in 1973 and stored until 1982, John W. Norton's three-story mural of Ceres shown bare-breasted in a field of grain underwent extensive restoration in Spring Grove, Illinois by Louis Pomerantz before being displayed in the atrium of the 1980s addition. John Warner Norton ( 7 March 1876 - 7 January 1934) was an Illinois Muralist and Easel artist who pioneered the field in A mural is a Painting on a wall ceiling or other large permanent surface Spring Grove is a village in McHenry County, Illinois, United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. In modern Architecture, an atrium (plural atria is a large open space often several stories high and having a glazed roof and/or large windows often situated within an ^[26][27]

Trading floor

Trading floor at the Chicago Board of Trade.

According to the June 16, 1930, Time, visitors carrying ripened wheat heads stared in curiosity at the six-story tall trading room directly above the lobby and behind the large windows below the clock facing LaSalle Street. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and The notion of "trading room" (sometimes used as a synonym of " Trading floor " is widely used in Financial markets to refer to the Office space At the center of the room, Time reported on the items being traded in "pits" organized based on commodities type with pits names such as the corn pit, soybean pit or wheat pit. The individual pits are raised octagonal structures where open outcry trading occurs. Open outcry is the name of a method of communication between professionals on a Stock exchange or Futures exchange which involves shouting and the use of hand Steps up the outside of each octagon provide an amphitheater atmosphere, and enable a large number of traders to see each other and communicate during trading hours. An amphitheatre (alternatively amphitheater) is an open-air venue for spectator sports concerts rallies or theatrical performances In Finance, a trader is someone who buys and sells Financial instruments such as stocks, bonds and derivatives. With early versions dating back to 1870, this type of trading pit was patented in 1878. ^[7]

The trading area is surrounded by desks allowing workers to support transactions. In the early days, the desks served as a relay point between the pits and those wishing to buy or sell. When trade orders and information began to be communicated by telegraph, morse code operators were employed, later replaced by phone operators. Morse code is a Character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters numerals In the late 20th century, electric display boards lined the walls of the trading hall and the advent of electronic trading resulted in computers being placed on desktops. Electronic trading, sometimes called etrading, is a method of trading securities (such as Stocks and bonds, foreign Currency, and

Subsequent additions to the Board of Trade Building moved the agricultural and financial trading floors out of the original trading room and into new spaces in the additions to the building's rear in the 1980s. In 2004 the historic 1930 trading floor, already substantially altered (and unused for more than two years), was demolished and its pits filled with concrete. It was renovated in a modern style and now is leased to a privately owned options trading firm. Options are financial instruments that convey the right but not the obligation to engage in a future transaction on some Underlying security, or in a Futures ^[28]

Expansion

Chicago Board of Trade logo

In 1980, the owners added a 275 ft (84 m) 23-story expansion to the south side of the building. ^[29] It was topped by an octagonal ornament shaped similarly to the terraced trading pits and was designed in a postmodern style by Helmut Jahn. Postmodern architecture was an international style whose first examples are generally cited as being from the 1950s and which continues to influence present-day Architecture Helmut Jahn (born January 4 1940) is a German-American architect, designer of dozens of major buildings throughout Colored black and silver, with a sunlit atrium on the 12th floor facing the south wall of the older structure, the annex provided a four-story granite lined agricultural trading floor, then the world's largest at 32,000 square feet (2,970 m²). ^[7] Even as the Sydney Futures Exchange and other markets were ceasing outcry trading, Mayor Richard M. Daley led the groundbreaking on January 17, 1995, for additional expansion into a five-story building to the east designed by architects Fujikawa Johnson and structural engineers TT-CBM. Richard Michael Daley (born April 24 1942 is a United States Politician, member of the national and local Democratic Party and current mayor Groundbreaking is a traditional Ceremony in many cultures that celebrates the first day of Construction for a Building or other project Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 When opened in 1997, the $175 million structure would add 60,000 square feet (5,570 m²) of trading space and for a period again would house the world's largest trading floor. ^[7][14][30] It was nicknamed the "Arboretum" by some in reference to expansion supporter CBOT Chairman Patrick H. Arbor. ^[14] The expansion included price boards 600 feet (183 m) long and supported 12,000 computers, 6,000 voice devices, and 2,000 video devices requiring 27,000 miles (43,500 km) of cable. ^[31] Collectively, the trading floors now encompass approximately 115,150 square feet (10,700 m²). ^[32] The logo of the CBOT represents a trading pit, and appears prominently on stonework facing Clark Street and on street-level barriers at the service entrance on Van Buren Street. The addition has a twelve-story atrium and melds historical and contemporary design with art deco references such as setbacks, central tower, symmetrical projecting wings, pyramidal roof and abstract cascade and scallop lobby design. In modern Architecture, an atrium (plural atria is a large open space often several stories high and having a glazed roof and/or large windows often situated within an ^[33] Between the original and new buildings, where there was formerly a street, a wide street-level walkway connects the plaza on LaSalle Street to Van Buren Street in what would ordinarily be the building's first floor. Passing over the Van Buren Street elevated tracks, a green glass-enclosed steel-frame bridge connects the lower southwest corner of the 23 story addition to the Chicago Board Options Exchange (although this bridge was closed to pedestrian traffic in the wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks for security reasons). The Chicago Board Options Exchange ( CBOE) located at 400 South LaSalle Street in Chicago, is largest U

Renovation

Lobby mailbox at the Chicago Board of Trade.

In 2005, the building experienced an extensive $20 million renovation directed by Chicago architect Gunny Harboe, whose restoration work included Loop landmarks the Rookery Building and Reliance Building. The Reliance Building is the first Skyscraper to have large Plate glass windows make up the majority of its surface area foreshadowing a feature of skyscrapers that The project included restoration of the main lobby to emphasize the design features of the art deco era, elevator modernization, façade renovation and cleaning, and the continued renovation of upper floor corridors and hallways. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear ^[34][35] Though impractically small for modern use, mailboxes in the lobby were restored to their original condition to follow the theme of vertical lines found throughout the complex. ^[36] An improved electrical infrastructure, with ten main feeds from seven different Commonwealth Edison electrical substations, was added in addition to redundant cooling systems and upgraded telecommunications capabilities. Commonwealth Edison (or "ComEd" is the largest electric utility in Illinois, serving the Chicago and Northern Illinois area An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an Electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where Voltage ^[35]

When the old CBOT building was demolished in 1929, two 4. 5 short tons (4. The short ton ( S/T) is a unit of mass equal to 2000 lb (around 907 0 L/T/4. 1 M/T) 12 ft (3. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. 7 m) tall gray granite statues of classically styled goddesses (pictured above) were moved from the second floor ledge above the main entrance into the gardens of the 500 acre (2 km²) estate of Arthur W. Cutten, a wheat and cotton speculator who went bankrupt during the Great Depression. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Arthur William Cutten ( July 6, 1870 – June 24, 1936) was an Canadian -born businessman who gained great wealth and prominence as One goddess represents agriculture and is shown standing with wheat and leaning on a cornucopia. The cornucopia ( Latin: Cornu Copiae) is a symbol of food and abundance dating back to the 5th century BC, also referred to as horn 'o' plenty The other represents industry and appears with the bow of a ship and an anvil. The bow (pronounced &mdashrhymes with how) is a nautical term that refers to the forward part of the hull of a Ship or Boat,

The statues were found in 1978 near Glen Ellyn, Illinois by the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County, on land acquired from Cutten's estate. Glen Ellyn is an affluent Village in DuPage County, Illinois, United States. The Forest Preserve District of DuPage County is a governmental agency headquartered in Wheaton Illinois. After being displayed in a parking lot at Danada Forest Preserve for several years, both were returned to the CBOT building's plaza and rededicated on June 9, 2005. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[11][37]

Later history

Surroundings

The LaSalle Street canyon is home to other historic buildings including the Rookery Building, a National Historic Landmark considered to be the oldest standing high-rise. A high-rise is a tall Building or structure Normally the function of the building is added for example high-rise Apartment building or A 1907 renovation included a lobby remodeled by Frank Lloyd Wright in the Prairie School style. Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8 1867 &ndash April 9 1959 was an American (of Welsh descent Architect, Interior designer, Writer, and educator who Prairie School was a late 19th and early 20th century architectural style most common to the Midwestern United States. ^[38] The name rookery comes from the previous building on the property which became home to many birds, especially pigeons. A rookery is a colony of breeding animals The term is most commonly applied to the nesting place of Birds such as the Crow and rook, a bird similar The nearby Reliance Building was the first skyscraper to have large plate glass windows comprise the majority of its surface area, and One North LaSalle was for some time one of Chicago's tallest buildings. The One North LaSalle Building or One LaSalle Street Building is a building in the LaSalle Street corridor in the Loop community area of Both the Reliance Building and One North LaSalle are on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 1853, the governments of Chicago and Cook County have shared three different buildings at the north end of the canyon. The government of the City of Chicago Illinois, is divided into executive and Legislative branches The current Chicago City Hall, built in a Classical Revival style, was designed to symbolize the strength, dignity, and vigor of the government. Chicago City Hall is the official seat of government of the City of Chicago in Illinois. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo ^[39] Completed in 2001, an award winning green roof was incorporated into the structure. A green roof is a Roof of a Building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and soil or a growing medium planted over a waterproofing membrane ^[40] All of the structures are designated as Chicago Landmarks.

Other nearby buildings of note include the Continental Commercial National Bank, now called 208 South LaSalle Street, which broke records in 1911 as the city’s most expensive development, with a cost exceeding $10 million. The Rand-McNally Building that had served as the headquarters of the World’s Columbian Exposition was demolished to accommodate the structure. ^[41] The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, at 230 South LaSalle Street, was built in a Greco-Roman style and contained the largest vaults in the world and one of the first building-wide wired communication systems. The Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago is one of twelve regional Reserve Banks that along with the Board of Governors in Washington D ^[42] Both the Federal Reserve Bank and 208 South LaSalle demonstrate the popularity of neoclassical architecture during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and were meant to project a sense of financial security. ^[41]

One mile (1. 6 km) west of Lake Michigan and in the southwest corner of the Loop, the building is near two elevated stations of the Chicago 'L'. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. The 'L' (variously and sometimes, styled "L" El EL or L) is a Rapid transit system that serves the city of The Quincy station is one block to the west and the LaSalle/VanBuren station is between the CBOT and the Chicago Stock Exchange. CTA Bus Connections 1 - Indiana/Hyde Park 7 - Harrison 11 - Lincoln/Sedgwick X28 - Stony Island Express 126 CTA Bus Connections 1 - Indiana/Hyde Park 7 - Harrison 22 - Clark 24 - Wentworth 36 - Broadway Additionally, CTA Blue Line service is provided at the Jackson and LaSalle stations, each two blocks away. The Blue Line (O'Hare-Congress Service and formerly O'Hare-Douglas Service, consists of a long trunk line in the Chicago Transit Authority 's rapid transit system which extends CTA Bus Connections 1 - Indiana/Hyde Park 7 - Harrison 22 - Clark 24 - Wentworth X28 - Stony Island Express History LaSalle station opened on February 25 1951 as the southern terminal of the Milwaukee-Dearborn subway on the CTA's Milwaukee Avenue route Union Station stands five blocks to the west on Jackson Boulevard, providing terminal service for Amtrak and select service for Metra. Union Station is a Chicago Train station that opened in 1925 replacing an earlier 1881 station and is now the only Intercity rail terminal in Chicago |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 Metra (officially known as the Northeast Illinois Regional Commuter Railroad Corporation) is a Regional rail system that serves the city of Chicago Illinois Additional Metra service is provided at the LaSalle Street Station, two blocks due south. LaSalle Street Station is a Commuter rail terminal located at 414 S

Tenants

The CME Group occupies 33 percent of available space, while financial and trading concerns occupy 54 percent of the three-building complex. CME Group Inc ( is the world’s largest Futures exchange. CME Group was created July 12 2007 from the merger between the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME and the Chicago In addition to Ceres Restaurant on the first floor of the lobby, other businesses provide banking, insurance, travel services, beauty services, and healthcare. Some business have been in the building for over 40 years,^[36] and throughout its history, commodities speculators, such as "Prince of the Pit" Richard Dennis, have maintained offices in the building. Speculation, in a financial context is making an investment that increases the overall risk in a portfolio Richard J Dennis, a former commodities Speculator known as the "Prince of the Pit" was born in Chicago in January 1949 In 2007, the U.S. Futures Exchange, a competitor of the CBOT formerly known as Eurex US, announced a move from the Sears Tower into the 14th floor of the CBOT building. US Futures Exchange (USFE is a Chicago-based electronic Futures exchange. Eurex is a major futures and options exchange for European Benchmark Derivatives featuring open and low-cost electronic access globally The Sears Tower, a Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, has been the tallest building in North America since 1973 ^[43]

Visitors

The CBOT building has been the site of a number of visits by dignitaries, including the Prince of Wales in October 1977. Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom In 1991, George H.W. Bush became the first President of the United States to visit the Exchange, where he delivered a speech from the soybean pit regarding the importance of agriculture to the American economy. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by ^[44] A visit from Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev followed on May 7, 1992. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) In 1996, former US President Jimmy Carter and wife Rosalyn toured the CBOT while campaigning for their son Jack. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter (born August 18 1927 is the wife of former United States President Jimmy Carter and was First Lady of the United States John William "Jack" Carter, (born July 3 1947) is an American Businessman and Politician who unsuccessfully ran for the ^[45] During the 1996 Democratic National Convention, US Vice President Al Gore was hosted at the Exchange's Democratic Senatorial Campaign reception. The 1996 National Convention of the US Democratic Party was held at the United Center in Chicago, Illinois from August The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Albert Arnold Gore Jr (born March 31 1948 is an American environmental Activist, author Businessperson, former Politician, and former The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives ^[7] When US President George W. Bush toured the agricultural trading floor on January 6, 2006, he was hailed from the corn trading pit with "Hook 'em, Horns!", a reference to his adopted home state of Texas. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Hook 'em Horns is the slogan and hand signal of The University of Texas at Austin. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. ^[46][36] Interest groups such as the Chicago Architecture Foundation provide scheduled tours showcasing the architecture and selected portions of the trading operations. The Chicago Architecture Foundation is a nonprofit group in Chicago, Illinois, USA, dedicated to increasing the public's understanding of Architecture

Cultural depictions

Film and television

Trading operations have been used as scenes in movies such as Ferris Bueller's Day Off,^[47][48] and the streetscape in the LaSalle Street canyon is used in the movies The Untouchables and Road to Perdition. Ferris Bueller's Day Off is a 1986 Comedy film written and directed by John Hughes. The Untouchables is a 1987 crime drama film based on the 1959 television series, and follows Eliot Ness 's Autobiographical Road to Perdition is a 2002 period drama directed by Sam Mendes. ^[49][50] In the 2005 film Batman Begins, the building serves as the headquarters of the fictional Wayne Enterprises. Batman Begins is a 2005 American Superhero film based on the fictional DC Comics character Batman, directed by Wayne Enterprises (formerly WayneCorp) is a Fictional company in the DC Universe. ^[51]

While maintaining studios in the building for many years, WCIU-TV broadcast the Stock Market Observer, a daily seven hour live business television news program that is listed in the Guiness Book of World Records for the show telecast the most hours. WCIU-TV is an independent television station, located in Chicago Illinois. News broadcasting (also known as newscast or newsbreak) is the Broadcasting of various news events and other Information via Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U ^[52] Additionally, the station broadcasts First Business with news of the Chicago Board of Trade. First Business is a nationally syndicated business news Television program, produced by First Business Network LLC a Subsidiary of

Graphic arts

Although depicted with the tower in a Rand McNally map from 1893, later lithographs of the first 141 Jackson Street location display a red roofed building without a tower. Rand McNally is the preeminent American publisher of Maps Atlases and Globes for travel reference commercial and educational uses Lithography is a method for Printing using a plate or stone with a completely smooth surface Memorabilia of the current building is abundant, with postcards of panoramic scenes from LaSalle Street, the clock, and lighted upper decks having been produced for decades. In its most general sense a panorama is any wide view of a physical space In views from the Museum Campus, the building's crown is framed by the middle floors of the taller Sears Tower in the background. Museum Campus Chicago is a 57 acre (230850 m² lakefront park in Chicago that surrounds three of the city's most notable Museums all dedicated to the Natural The Sears Tower, a Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, has been the tallest building in North America since 1973 Photographer Andreas Gursky has used the location for still life prints such as 1997's Chicago Board of Trade, I and 1999's Chicago Board of Trade, II. Andreas Gursky (1955 is a German photographer known for the highly textured feel of his enormous photographs often employing a high point of view This article is about Still Life (or still lifes as plural the art form A photograph of the exterior, from the Museum series by Thomas Struth, is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Thomas Struth (born 1954) is a German Photographer whose wide-ranging work covers detailed cityscapes Asian jungles and family portraits The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, An often-reproduced painting by Leslie Ragan for the New York Central Railroad depicts streamliner locomotives idling at LaSalle Street Station with the Board of Trade Building looming prominently in the background. The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity was a Railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. A streamliner is any vehicle that incorporates streamlining to produce a shape that provides less resistance to air. LaSalle Street Station is a Commuter rail terminal located at 414 S ^[53]

At 1211 North LaSalle Street on the city’s Near North Side, a 16-story apartment hotel built in 1929 and converted into an apartment building in 1981, was used by muralist Richard Haas for trompe-l'œil murals in homage to Chicago School architecture. Neighborhoods Cabrini-Green See also Cabrini-Green Cabrini-Green was a notorious Public housing project Richard John Haas (born August 29, 1936 in Spring Green Wisconsin) is an American muralist who is best known for architectural Trompe-l'œil, which can also be spelled without the hyphen in English ( French: "trick the eye" tʁɔ̃p lœj is an Art technique involving extremely One of the building's sides features the Chicago Board of Trade Building, intended as a reflection of the actual building two miles (3 km) south. ^[54][55][56]

Literature

The 1885 building and trading pits were prominently featured in The Pit, the second novel by Frank Norris in the Epic of Wheat trilogy. A stock market, or (equity market is a private or public market for the trading of company Stock and derivatives of company The Pit is a 1903 novel by Frank Norris. Detailing wheat speculation and the Trading pits at the Chicago Board of Trade Building, it was the second in what Benjamin Franklin Norris Jr ( March 5 1870 – October 25 1902) was an American novelist during the Progressive Era, writing A trilogy is a set of three works of art usually Literature, Film, or Video games, that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or three ^[57][58] Life on the trading floor of the Chicago Board of Trade is detailed in the nonfiction 2004 book Leg the Spread by Cari Lynn. ^[59]

Awards

• 1985: the 23-story addition won the Best Structure Award from the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois. ^[60]
• 2006: the building was awarded the Landmarks Illinois’ annual Real Estate and Building Industries Council award for its preservation efforts. ^[61]
• 2006: the Building Owners and Managers Association of Chicago presented the CBOT building with The Office Building of the Year award recognizing the high quality of office space and excellence in management of the building. ^[62]

Position in Chicago's skyline

See also

• Chicago Board of Trade
• Chicago architecture
• List of tallest buildings in Chicago

Notes

References

• Bruegmann, Robert, (1991). Holabird & Roche, Holabird & Root, Garland Publishing, Inc. , ISBN 0-8240-3974-2.
• Saliga, Pauline A. (ed. ), (1990). The Sky's The Limit: A Century of Chicago Skyscrapers, Rizzoli International Publications, Inc. , ISBN 0-8478-1179-4.
• Zaloom, Caitlin (November 2006). Out of the Pits:Traders and Technology from Chicago to London (PDF), Second edition, University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226978133. Retrieved on August 2, 2007. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

External links

• Official Building Page from CBOT.com