Charles V Holy Roman Emperor, King of Castile and León, King of Aragon, Archduke of Austria, (Titular) Duke of Burgundy, Ruler of the Seventeen Provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands Reign Holy Roman Emperor King of Aragon and Castile Duke of Burgundy Duke of Brabant Count of Flanders Duke of Luxembourg Lord of the Netherlands Duke of Milan Coronation 1516 Born 24 February 1500 Birthplace Ghent, Flanders Died September 21, 1558 (aged 58) Place of death Yuste, Spain Buried El Escorial Predecessor Joanna of Castile (Castile and Aragon) Maximilian I (Holy Roman Empire, Austrian patrimony) Philip the Handsome (Burgundian Netherlands) Successor Philip II of Spain (Spain and the Burgundian Netherlands) Ferdinand I (Holy Roman Empire, Austrian patrimony) Consort Isabella of Portugal Issue Philip II of Spain Maria of Spain Joan of Spain John of Austria (illegitimate) Royal House House of Habsburg Father Philip the Handsome Mother Joanna the Mad

Spanish Royalty House of Habsburg Emperor Charles V (King Charles I) Children    Philip II of Spain    Maria, Holy Roman Empress    Joan of Spain    Don John (illegitimate)    Margaret of Parma (illegitimate) Philip II Children include    Carlos, Prince of Asturias    Isabella of Spain    Catherine, Duchess of Savoy    Philip III of Spain Philip III Children include    Anne, Queen of France    Philip IV of Spain    Maria Ana, Holy Roman Empress    Infante Carlos    Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand Philip IV Children include    Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias    Maria Theresa, Queen of France    Margaret, Holy Roman Empress    Charles II of Spain Charles II

Charles I of Spain (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558), known more generally as Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and of the Spanish realms from 1516 until his abdication (voluntary retirement) in 1556. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516-1700 when this country was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty (also associated to Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184 The title " Duke of Brabant " was created by the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of counts of Flanders were the Rulers over the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the Countship by the French revolutionaries For other uses of Luxembourg see Luxembourg (disambiguation The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by Counts The Habsburg Netherlands was a geo-political entity covering the whole Low Countries from 1482 to 1556/1581 and solely the Southern Netherlands from 1581 to 1794 The following is a list of rulers of Milan from the 13th century to 1859 when Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Ghent (ˈɡɛnt Gent ʝɛnt in Dutch, Gand in French, and formerly Gaunt in English) is a City and a Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Yuste (aka Cuacos de Yuste, St Yuste, or St Just) is a small village in the province of Cáceres in the autonomous community of Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. El Escorial is one of the Spanish royal sites and functions as a monastery royal palace museum and school Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash The Infanta Isabel, commonly referred to in English as Isabel of Portugal ( October 23, 1503 &ndash May 1, 1539) was the Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Maria of Spain ( Madrid, June 21, 1528 - Villa Monte February 26, 1603) was the first daughter of Charles V and Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516-1700 when this country was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty (also associated to Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Maria of Spain ( Madrid, June 21, 1528 - Villa Monte February 26, 1603) was the first daughter of Charles V and Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Several of the Carlist pretenders to the Spanish throne were also known as Don Carlos. after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King For the queen consort of Sigismund III of Poland see Anna of Austria (1573-1598 For the queen consort of Philip II of Spain see Anna of Austria Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and Maria Anna ( 18 August, 1606 – 13 May, 1646) also known as Maria Anna of Austria Infanta of Spain Archduchess of Austria and Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and Balthasar Charles Prince of Asturias Prince of Asturias and Portugal (Baltasar Carlos Baltazar Carlos was the eldest son of King Philip IV of Spain and III of Portugal Maria Theresa of Spain (Marie Thérèse ( September 10, 1638 &ndash July 30, 1683) was the Queen consort of France Margaret Theresa of Spain (Spanish Margarita Teresa de España) (German Margarete Theresia von Spanien) ( 12 August, 1651, Madrid Spain Charles II ( November 6 1661, Madrid – November 1 1700, Madrid was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the Charles II ( November 6 1661, Madrid – November 1 1700, Madrid was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely

As the heir of four of Europe's leading dynasties – the Trastamara of the Kingdom of Castile and the Crown of Aragon, the Burgundian Valois of the Duchy of Burgundy and the Habsburgs of Archduchy of Austria – he ruled over extensive domains in Central, Western and Southern Europe, as well as the various Castilian (Spanish) colonies in the Americas and Philippines. The House of Trastámara was a Dynasty of kings in the Iberian Peninsula, which governed in Castile from 1369 to 1504, Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. The term "Valois Dukes of Burgundy" is employed to refer to the dynasty which began after John II of France (also Duke of Burgundy as John I) granted the Duchy The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the Kingdom of France. Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Archduchy of Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the center of the Habsburg Monarchy and

As the first monarch to reign in his own right over both the Kingdom of Castile and the Crown of Aragon (from 1555) he is often considered as the first King of Spain. Upon his retirement, he divided his realms between his son King Philip II of Spain and his younger brother, by three years, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash

He was the son of Philip I of Castile (Philip the Handsome) and Juana of Castile (Joanna the Mad of Castile). His paternal grandparents were the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy, whose daughter Margaret raised him. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Mary, called Mary the Rich ( 13 February, 1457 &ndash His maternal grandparents were Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, whose marriage had first united their territories into what is now modern Spain, and whose daughter Catherine of Aragon was Queen of England and first wife of Henry VIII. Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 also known as Catharine, Katherine or Katharine ( Castilian Infanta Catalina His cousin was Mary I of England, who married his son Philip. Mary I (18 February 1516 &ndash 17 November 1558 was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 19 July 1553 until her death

Aside from reigning at the very pinnacle of Hapsburg power, when all the families far flung holdings were ruled from one throne, Charles may be best remembered for issuing the infamous Edict of Worms condemning the person and writings of Martin Luther, pronouncing him a traitor, and which also condemned (in "body"—'to death') in advance anyone found with Luthers' literature (in which findings, the accusing party would be awarded half the confiscated properties of the accused)^[1]. The Diet of Worms (Reichstag zu Worms was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Emperor that took place in Worms, a small town Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment.

Heritage and early life

Combining the heritage of the German Habsburgs, the House of Burgundy, and the Spanish heritage of his mother, Charles transcended ethnic and national boundaries. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and His motto was Plus Ultra, Further Beyond.

Charles was born in the Flanders city of Ghent (Gent) in 1500. The County of Flanders was a historical region in the Low Countries. Ghent (ˈɡɛnt Gent ʝɛnt in Dutch, Gand in French, and formerly Gaunt in English) is a City and a The culture and courtly life of the Burgundian Low Countries were an important influence in his early life. The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt He spoke five different languages: Dutch, German, Spanish, French, and Italian. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname He spoke French as his mother language and Dutch (Flemish) from his childhood years, later adding an acceptable Spanish (which was required by the Castilian Cortes as a condition for becoming king of Castile) and some German. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The Cortes Generales ( Spanish for General Courts or Cortes Españolas, Spanish Courts) is the Legislature of Spain. ^[2] Indeed, he has been attributed with saying "I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men, and German to my horse. "^[3]

From his Burgundian ancestors, he inherited an ambiguous relationship with the Kings of France. List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below Charles shared with France his mother tongue (together with Dutch) and many cultural forms. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname In his youth, he made frequent visits to Paris, then the largest city of Western Europe. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe '

Plus Oultre, Charles' personal motto on the gable of a Flemish house in Ghent, Charles V's birthplace. Plus ultra ( Latin for further beyond, further yet, more beyond or yet beyond) is the national motto of Spain adopted

In his words: "Paris is not a city, but a universe" (Lutetia non urbs, sed orbis). The Universe is defined as everything that Physically Exists: the entirety of Space and Time, all forms of Matter, Energy History of Paris Lutetia (sometimes Lutetia Parisiorum or Lucotecia, in French Lutèce) was a town in pre-Roman and Roman Gaul But Charles also inherited the tradition of political and dynastical enmity between the Royal and the Burgundian lines of the Valois Dynasty. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and This conflict was amplified by his accession to both the Holy Roman Empire and the kingdom of Spain. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in

Though Spain was the core of his kingdom, he was never totally assimilated and especially in his earlier years felt like and was viewed as a foreign prince. He could not speak Spanish very well, as it was not his primary language. Nonetheless, he spent most of his life in Spain, including his final years in a Spanish monastery.

In his youth, Charles was tutored by Adrian of Utrecht, later Pope Adrian VI. Pope Adrian VI ( Utrecht, March 2, 1459 &ndash September 14, 1523) born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, son of His three most prominent subsequent advisors were Lord Chièvres, Jean Sauvage and Mercurino Gattinara. William II de Croÿ, Lord of Chièvres (also known as Guillaume II de Croÿ sieur de Chièvres in French; Guillermo II de Croÿ señor Mercurino Arborio marchese di Gattinara ( June 10 1465 &ndash June 5 1530) was an Italian Statesman and jurist

Marriage and children

On 10 March 1526, Charles married his first cousin Isabella of Portugal, sister of John III of Portugal. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing The Infanta Isabel, commonly referred to in English as Isabel of Portugal ( October 23, 1503 &ndash May 1, 1539) was the John III ( Portuguese: João III ʒuˈɐ̃ũ ( June 7, 1502 &ndash June 11, 1557) nicknamed o Piedoso

Their children included:

• Philip II of Spain (1527 - 1598), the only son to reach adulthood. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598
• Maria of Spain (1528 - 1603), who married her cousin Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. Maria of Spain ( Madrid, June 21, 1528 - Villa Monte February 26, 1603) was the first daughter of Charles V and Maximilian II ( July 31, 1527 &ndash October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562 king of Hungary and Croatia
• Joan of Spain (1535 - 1573)

Charles also had several mistresses (courted them before and after his marriage to Isabella). Two of them gave birth to two future Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands:

• Johanna Maria van der Gheynst bore Margaret of Parma and
• Barbara Blomberg bore John of Austria. Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands ruled the Habsburg Netherlands, as a representative of the Duke of Burgundy ( 1506 - 1555) the King of Barbara Blomberg ( 1527 - 18 December 1597) was the mother of Don John of Austria.

Reign

Habsburg possessions in 1547.

Burgundy and the Low Countries

In 1506, Charles inherited his father's Burgundian territories, most notably the Low Countries and Franche-Comté, most of which were fiefs of the German empire, except his birthplace Flanders that was -on paper- still a French fief, a last remnant of what had been a powerful player in the hundred years war. Franche-Comté ( Franc-Comtois: Fràntche-Comté; Franco-Provençal: Franche-Comtât) the former "Free County" of Burgundy As he was a minor, his aunt Margaret acted as regent until 1515 and soon she found herself in war with the regent of the king of France over the question whether Charles would have to do homage to the French king for Flanders as his father had done. The outcome was that France relinquished its ancient but empty claim on Flanders in 1528.

Charles extended the Burgundian territory with the annexation of Tournai, Artois, Utrecht, Groningen and Guelders. Tournai (in Dutch Doornik, in Latin: Tornacum) is a Walloon City and municipality of Belgium Artois (Artesië (adjective Artesian) is a former province of northern France. Utrecht ( ˈyːtrɛxt is the smallest province of the Netherlands, and is located in the center of the country Groningen is the northeasternmost province of the Netherlands. This article deals with the historical county and duchy of Guelders for other meanings see Gelderland. The Seventeen Provinces had been unified by Charles' Burgundian ancestors, but nominally were fiefs of either France or the Holy Roman Empire. The Seventeen Provinces were a Personal union of states in the Low Countries in the 15th century and 16th century roughly covering the current Netherlands Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing In 1549, Charles issued a Pragmatic Sanction, declaring the Low Countries to be a unified entity of which his family would be the heirs. The Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 was an Edict, promulgated by Charles V Holy Roman Emperor, reorganizing the Seventeen Provinces. ^[2]

The Low Countries held an important place in the Empire. For Charles V personally, they were the region where he spent his childhood. Because of trade and industry and the rich cities, they were also important for the treasury.

Spain

Money of Charles V. Inscription: IMP CAES CAROLVS V AVG

In the Castilian Cortes of Valladolid of 1506, and of Madrid of 1510 he was sworn as prince of Asturias, heir of his mother the queen Joanna. ^[4]. On the other hand, in 1502, the Aragonese Cortes gathered in Saragossa, alleged oath to his mother Joanna as heiress, but the Archbishop of Saragossa expressed firmly that this oath could not establish jurisprudence, that is to say, without modifying the right of the succession, but by virtue of a formal agreement between the Cortes and the King. ^[5][6] So, with the death of his grandfather, the king of Aragon Ferdinand II on January 23, 1516, his mother Joanna inherited the Crown of Aragon, which consisted of Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia; while himself, he became General Governador. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. The Kingdom of Naples was an informal name of the Polity officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily which existed on the mainland of the southern Italian The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae or Sicilie Regno di Sicilia, commonly abbreviated Regno) was a state that existed in the south of Italy Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) ^[7] Nevertheless, the Flemings wished that Charles assumed the royal title, and this was supported by his grandfather the emperor Maximilian I and the Pope Leo X, this way, after the celebration Ferdinand II's obsequies on March 14, 1516, he was proclaimed as king of Castile and of Aragon jointly with his mother. Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Finally, the Castilian regent, Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros accepted the fait accompli, he acceded to Charles's desire to be proclaimed king, and he imposed his statement along the kingdom. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Thus, the cities were recognizing Charles as king jointly with his mother. ^[8]

For the first time the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united in same kings, since Isabella was not sovereign queen in Aragon.

Anthony van Dyck - Portrait of Charles V on Horseback.

Charles arrived in his new kingdoms in autumn of 1517. His regent Jiménez de Cisneros came to meet him, but fell ill along the way, not without a suspicion of poison, and died before meeting the King. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor ^[9]

Due to the irregularity of assuming the royal title, when his mother, the legitimate queen, was alive the negotiations with the Castilian Cortes in Valladolid (1518) proved difficult ^[10], and in the end Charles was accepted under the following conditions: he would learn to speak Castilian; he would not appoint foreigners; he was prohibited from taking precious metals from Castile; and he would respect the rights of his mother, Queen Joanna. The Cortes paid homage to him in Valladolid in February 1518. After this, the king departed to the kingdom of Aragon, and he managed to submit the resistance of the Aragonese Cortes and Catalan Cortes also,^[11] and finally he was recognized king of Aragon jointly with his mother. ^[12]

Charles was accepted as sovereign, even though the Spanish felt uneasy with the Imperial style. Spanish monarchs until then had been bound by the laws; the monarchy was a contract with the people. With Charles it would become more absolute, even though until his mother's death in 1555 Charles did not hold the full kingship of the country.

Soon resistance against the Emperor rose, because of the heavy taxation (funds that were used to fight wars abroad, wars most Castilians had no interest in) and because Charles tended to select Flemings for high offices in Spain and America, ignoring Castilian candidates. The resistance culminated in the Castilian War of the Communities, which was suppressed by Charles. After this, Castile became integrated into the Habsburg empire, and would provide the bulk of the empire's military and financial resources.

Silver 4 real coin of Charles V, struck ca. 1542-1555
Obverse: CAROLVS ET IOHANA, REGES (Charles and Johanna, Monarchs). Depicts the crest of Castile and León. Castile and León (Castilla y León known formally as the Community of Castile and León is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. The strike date was determined by the Assayer L. An assayer is a person who tests Ores and Minerals and analyzes them to determine their value and composition	Reverse: HISPANIARVM ET INDIARVM (Of the Spains [Spanish kingdoms] and the Indies. " Depicts the Strait of Gibraltar between the Pillars of Hercules. The Strait of Gibraltar ( Arabic: مضيق جبل طارق Spanish: Estrecho de Gibraltar) is the Strait that connects the Atlantic The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. Center Latin motto is PLVS VLTRA, or "Further Beyond. Plus ultra ( Latin for further beyond, further yet, more beyond or yet beyond) is the national motto of Spain adopted "

America

During Charles' reign, the territories in New Spain were considerably extended by conquistadores like Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, who caused the Aztec and Inca empires to fall in little more than a decade. The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España was a name given to the Viceroy -ruled territories of the Spanish Empire in North America, This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca ( 1485&ndash December 2, Francisco Pizarro González 1st Marqués de los Atabillos (c 1471 or 1476 &ndash 26 June 1541 was a Spanish Conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political Combined with the Magellan expedition's circumnavigation of the globe in 1522, these successes convinced Charles of his divine mission to become the leader of a Christian world that still perceived a significant threat from Islam. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Of course, the conquests also helped solidify Charles' rule by providing the state treasury with enormous amounts of bullion. Precious Metal is the eighteenth episode in the of the popular American Crime drama, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. As the conquistador Bernal Diaz observed: "We came to serve God and our Majesty, . Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1496 &ndash 1584 was a Conquistador, who wrote an eyewitness account of the conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards under Hernán . . and also to get rich. " ^[2] In 1550, Charles convened a conference at Valladolid in order to consider the morality of the force used against the indigenous populations of Spanish America. ||-||} is an industrial city and it is a Municipality in north-central Spain, upon the Pisuerga River and within the Ribera del Duero wine-making region

Holy Roman Empire

After the death of his paternal grandfather, Maximilian, in 1519, he inherited the Habsburg lands in Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich He was also the natural candidate of the electors to succeed his grandfather. The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl With the help of the wealthy Fugger family, Charles defeated the candidacy of Francis I of France and was elected on June 28, 1519. The Fugger (ˈfʊgɐ family was a historically prominent group of European Bankers members of the fifteenth and Sixteenth-century mercantile Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. In 1530, he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Clement VII in Bologna, the last Emperor to receive a papal coronation. For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy

Charles was Holy Roman Emperor over the German states, but his real power was limited by the princes. Protestantism gained a strong foothold in Germany, and Charles was determined not to let this happen in the Netherlands. An inquisition was established as early as 1522. The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and In 1550, the death penalty was introduced for all heresy. Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Political dissent was also firmly controlled, most notably in his place of birth, where Charles, assisted by the Duke of Alva, personally suppressed the Revolt of Ghent in mid-February 1540. The Revolt of Ghent was an uprising against the Spanish Empire of Charles V in 1539. ^[2]

Emperor
Holy Roman Empire
Armorial of the Holy Roman Empire

Conflicts with France

Much of Charles's reign was taken up by conflicts with France, which found itself encircled by Charles's empire and still maintained ambitions in Italy. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Since the Holy Roman Empire was big old and very divided internally it had many coats The first war with Charles's great nemesis Francis I of France began in 1521. The Italian War of 1521–26, sometimes known as the Four Years' War, was a part of the Italian Wars. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 Charles allied with England and Pope Leo X against the French and the Venetians, and was highly successful, driving the French out of Milan and defeating and capturing Francis at the Battle of Pavia in 1525. Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. To gain his freedom, the French king was forced to cede Burgundy to Charles in the humiliating Treaty of Madrid (1526). Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) The Italian War of 1521–26, sometimes known as the Four Years' War, was a part of the Italian Wars.

When he was released, however, Francis had the Parliament of Paris denounce the treaty because it had been signed under duress. For English law on the criminal defence see Duress in English law. France then joined the League of Cognac that the Pope had formed with Henry VIII of England, the Venetians, the Florentines, and the Milanese to resist imperial domination of Italy. The War of the League of Cognac (1526–30 was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V —primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of In the ensuing war, Charles's sack of Rome (1527) and virtual imprisonment of Pope Clement VII in 1527 prevented him from annulling the marriage of Henry VIII of England and Charles's aunt Catherine of Aragon, with important consequences. The Sack of Rome on 6 May 1527, carried out by the mutinous troops of Charles V Holy Roman Emperor, marked a crucial imperial victory in For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 also known as Catharine, Katherine or Katharine ( Castilian Infanta Catalina In other respects, the war was inconclusive. In the Treaty of Cambrai (1529), called the "Ladies' Peace" because it was negotiated between Charles's aunt and Francis's mother, Francis renounced his claims in Italy but retained control of Burgundy. The War of the League of Cognac (1526–30 was fought between the Habsburg dominions of Charles V —primarily Spain and the Holy Roman Empire

A third war erupted in 1535, when, following the death of the last Sforza Duke of Milan, Charles installed his own son, Philip, in the duchy, despite Francis's claims on it. The Italian War of 1535 between Charles V and Francis I of France began with the death of Francesco Maria Sforza, the Duke of Milan. The following is a list of rulers of Milan from the 13th century to 1859 when Milan and the rest of Lombardy were incorporated into the Kingdom of Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 This war too was inconclusive. Francis failed to conquer Milan, but succeeded in conquering most of the lands of Charles's ally the Duke of Savoy, including his capital, Turin. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region A truce at Nice in 1538 on the basis of uti possidetis ended the war, but lasted only a short time. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek Uti possidetis ( Latin for "as you possess" is a principle in International law that territory and other property remains with its possessor at War resumed in 1542, with Francis now allied with Ottoman Sultan Suleiman I and Charles once again allied with Henry VIII. The Italian War of 1542–46 was a conflict late in the Italian Wars, pitting Francis I of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire against Suleiman I (سليمان Sulaymān, Süleyman almost always Kanuni Sultan Süleyman) ( 6 November 1494 5/ 6 September 1566 Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Despite the conquest of Nice by a Franco-Ottoman fleet, the French remained unable to advance into Milan, while a joint Anglo-Imperial invasion of northern France, led by Charles himself, won some successes but was ultimately abandoned, leading to another peace and restoration of the status quo ante in 1544. Nice (nis Niçard Occitan: Niça norm or Nissa, Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek

A final war erupted with Francis' son and successor, Henry II, in 1551. Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 This war saw early successes by Henry in Lorraine, where he captured Metz, but continued failure of French offensives in Italy. Lorraine (Lorraine Lothringen is a historical area in present-day northeast France. Metz (mɛs in French) is a city in the northeast of France, capital of the Lorraine région and Préfecture Charles abdicated midway through this conflict, leaving further conduct of the war to his son, Philip II and his brother, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash

Inner court of the Charles V Palace in Granada.

Conflicts with the Ottoman Empire

Charles fought continually with the Ottoman Empire and its sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Suleiman I (سليمان Sulaymān, Süleyman almost always Kanuni Sultan Süleyman) ( 6 November 1494 5/ 6 September 1566 The expeditions of the Ottoman force along the Mediterranean coast posed a threat to Habsburg lands and Christian monopolies on trade in the Mediterranean. In Central Europe, the Turkish advance was halted at Vienna in 1529. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Siege of Vienna in 1529, as distinct from the Battle of Vienna in 1683, was the first attempt of the Muslim Ottoman Empire, led by In 1535 Charles won an important victory at Tunis, but in 1536 Francis I of France allied himself with Suleiman against Charles. The Conquest of Tunis was an attack on Tunis, then under the control of the Ottoman Empire, by the Spanish Empire in 1535 Tunis ( Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the Capital of the Tunisian Republic and also the Tunis While Francis was persuaded to sign a peace treaty in 1538, he again allied himself with the Ottomans in 1542. In 1543 Charles allied himself with Henry VIII and forced Francis to sign the Truce of Crepy-en-Laonnois. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of The Italian War of 1542–46 was a conflict late in the Italian Wars, pitting Francis I of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire against Charles later signed a humiliating treaty with the Ottomans, to gain him some respite from the huge expenses of their war, although it did not end there. However, the Protestant powers in the Holy Roman Empire Diet often voted against money for his Turkish wars, as many Protestants saw the Muslim advance as a counterweight to the Catholic powers. In Politics, a diet is a formal Deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from The great Hungarian defeat at the 1526 Battle of Mohács "sent a wave of terror over Europe", according to an obscure mid 20th century historian known as Bryan Ball. The Battle of Mohács (mohácsi csata or mohácsi vész/Bane of Mohács; Schlacht bei Mohács Mohačka bitka Мохачка битка/Mohačka bitka Bitka pri Moháči ^[13][14]

Humanism and Reformation

Emperor Charles V at Mühlberg, painted in 1548 by Titian. The Battle of Mühlberg was a large battle at Mühlberg in the German of Electorate of Saxony during the Protestant Reformation at which the Catholic princes Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c 1485 &ndash August 27 1576 better known as Titian, was the leading painter of the 16th-century Venetian

As Holy Roman Emperor, he called Martin Luther to the Diet of Worms in 1521, promising him safe conduct if he would appear. Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer The Diet of Worms (Reichstag zu Worms was a general assembly of the estates of the Holy Roman Emperor that took place in Worms, a small town He initially dismissed Luther's idea of reformation as "An argument between monks". He later outlawed Luther and his followers in that same year but was tied up with other concerns and unable to take action against Protestantism.

1524 to 1526 saw the Peasants' Revolt in Germany and in 1531 the formation of the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League. For other conflicts referred to as peasant wars or revolts see Peasant revolt (disambiguation. The Schmalkaldic League (Schmalkaldischer Bund was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid- 16th Charles delegated increasing responsibility for Germany to his brother Ferdinand while he concentrated on problems elsewhere. Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash

In 1545, the opening of the Council of Trent began the Counter-Reformation, and Charles won to the Catholic cause some of the princes of the Holy Roman Empire. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the In 1546, he had the outlawed the Schmalkaldic League (which had occupied the territory of another prince). The Schmalkaldic League (Schmalkaldischer Bund was a defensive alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid- 16th He drove the League's troops out of southern Germany and at the Battle of Mühlberg defeated John Frederick, Elector of Saxony and imprisoned Philip of Hesse in 1547. The Battle of Mühlberg was a large battle at Mühlberg in the German of Electorate of Saxony during the Protestant Reformation at which the Catholic princes John Frederick I Elector of Saxony (Johann Friedrich I b Torgau, 30 June 1503 – d Philip I of Hesse, ( 13 November 1504 - 31 March 1567) nicknamed der Großmütige (the " Magnanimous " was a leading At the Augsburg Interim in 1548 he created an interim solution giving certain allowances to Protestants until the Council of Trent would restore unity. The Augsburg Interim was an imperial decree ordered on May 15, 1548, at the Diet of Augsburg, after Charles V Holy Roman Emperor, defeated the However, Protestants mostly resented the Interim and some actively opposed it. Protestant princes, in alliance with Henry II of France, rebelled against Charles in 1552, which caused Charles to retreat to the Netherlands. Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31

Health

Charles suffered from an enlarged lower jaw, a deformity which got considerably worse in later Habsburg generations. Prognathism is a term used to describe the positional relationship of the Mandible and/or Maxilla to the skeletal base where either of the jaws protrudes He struggled to chew his food properly and consequently experienced bad indigestion for much of his life. As a result, he usually ate alone. ^[15] He suffered from epilepsy^[16] and joint pain, presumed to be gout, according to his 16th century doctors. Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease created by a buildup of Uric acid. ^[17] In his retirement, he was carried around the monastery of St. Yuste in a sedan chair. Yuste (aka Cuacos de Yuste, St Yuste, or St Just) is a small village in the province of Cáceres in the autonomous community of The litter is a class of Wheelless Vehicles a type of Human-powered transport, for the transport of persons A ramp was specially constructed to allow him easy access to his rooms. ^[15]

Abdication and later life

In 1556, Charles abdicated his various titles, giving his Spanish empire (Spain, the Netherlands, Naples and Spain's possessions in the Americas) to his son, Philip II of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 He passed his dynastic Austrian lands and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother, Ferdinand. Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash Charles retired to the monastery of Yuste in Extremadura, but continued to correspond widely and kept an interest in the situation of the empire. Yuste (aka Cuacos de Yuste, St Yuste, or St Just) is a small village in the province of Cáceres in the autonomous community of Extremadura is an autonomous community of western Spain whose capital city is Mérida. He suffered from severe gout and some scholars think Charles V decided to abdicate after a gout attack in 1552 forced him to postpone an attempt to recapture the city of Metz, where he was later defeated. Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease created by a buildup of Uric acid. ^[18].

Charles died on 21 September 1558 from fatal malaria^[19]. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Twenty-six years later, his remains were transferred to the Royal Pantheon of The Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial. El Escorial is one of the Spanish royal sites and functions as a monastery royal palace museum and school

Titles

• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Titular Duke of Burgundy as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Duke of Brabant as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Duke of Limburg as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Duke of Lothier as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Duke of Luxemburg as Charles III
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Margrave of Namur as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Count Palatine of Burgundy as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Count of Artois as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Count of Charolais as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Count of Flanders as Charles III
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Count of Hainault as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Count of Holland as Charles II
• 25 September 1506–16 January 1556: Count of Zeeland as Charles II
• 12 September 1543–16 January 1556: Duke of Guelders as Charles III
• 12 September 1543–16 January 1556: Count of Zutphen as Charles II
• 14 March 1516–16 January 1556: King of Castile and Leon as Charles I (with Joanna, 14 March 1516 – 12 April 1555)
• 14 March 1516–16 January 1556: King of Aragon and Sicily as Charles I (with Joanna, 14 March 1516 – 12 April 1555)
• 14 March 1516–1554: King of Naples as Charles IV (with Joanna, 14 March 1516 – 12 April 1555)
• : 28 June 1519–24 February 1530: King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor elect
• 12 January 1519–1521: Archduke of Austria as Charles I

Arms

Main article: Coat of arms of Charles I of Spain

Charles V in literature and popular culture

There are few figures about whom as many traces have survived half a millennium, in both literature and living minds. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. The Duchy of Brabant was formally erected in 1183/1184 The title " Duke of Brabant " was created by the German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in favor of Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. counts of Limburg rose to prominence when one of their house was appointed Duke of Lower Lorraine. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Lothier refers to the territory within the Duchy of Lower Lotharingia, governed by the Dukes of Brabant and their successors after 1190 until the end of Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. For other uses of Luxembourg see Luxembourg (disambiguation The territory of Luxembourg was ruled successively by Counts Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. following is a list of Marquisses or Margraves of Namur. Namur was not often an independent state rather under the dominion of other entities like the counties Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. This is a list of the counts of Burgundy, ie of the region known as Franche-Comté not to be confused with the Duchy of Burgundy, from 867 to 1678 Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. counts of Artois (French Comtes d'Artois Dutch Graven van Artesië were the Rulers over the County of Artois from the 9th century until the abolition Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. counts of Flanders were the Rulers over the county of Flanders from the 9th century until the abolition of the Countship by the French revolutionaries Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. The counts of Hainaut were the rulers of the County of Hainaut, a historical region in the Low Countries. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Counts of Holland ruled over the county of Holland in the Low Countries between the 10th and the 16th century Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. This article deals with the rulers of the historical county and duchy of Guelders for other meanings see Guelders. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. The title of Count of Zutphen historically belonged to the ruler of the Dutch province of Gelderland ( Zutphen being one of the major cities in the Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. This is a list of counts kings and queens of Castile. It is in part a continuation of the List of Asturian monarchs and the List of Leonese monarchs Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. This is a list of the rulers of Aragon, now a region of north-eastern Spain. The following is a list of monarchs of Sicily. Counts of Sicily Sicily was granted pending its Christian reconquest to Robert Guiscard as "duke" Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. The following is a list of monarchs of Sicily. Counts of Sicily Sicily was granted pending its Christian reconquest to Robert Guiscard as "duke" Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the King of the Romans ( Latin: Rex Romanorum) was the title used by the elected ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperator futurus The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople This is a list of Margraves Dukes Archdukes and Emperors of Austria. Charles V Holy Roman Emperor, or Charles I of Spain, was the heir of four of Europe's leading royal houses Those traces comprise a large number of legends and folk tales that can often be attributed to phantasy, as well as the literary renderings of historical events connected to Charles' life and romantic adventures, his relationship to Flanders, and his abdication. ^[20]

• In De heerelycke ende vrolycke daeden van Keyser Carel den V, published by Joan de Grieck in 1674, the short stories, anecdotes, citations attributed to the emperor, and legends about his encounters with famous and ordinary people, depict a noble Christian monarch with a perfect cosmopolitan personality and a strong sense of humour. Converesely, in Charles De Coster's masterpiece Thyl Ulenspiegel (1867), Charles V is after his death consigned to Hell as punishment for the acts of the Inquisition under his rule, his punishment being that he would feel the pain of anyone tortured by the Inquisition. Charles-Theodore-Henri De Coster ( 20 August 1827 - 7 May 1879) was a Belgian Novelist whose efforts laid the basis for The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak (La Légende et les Aventures héroïques joyeuses et glorieuses d'Ulenspiegel et de Lamme Goedzak au pays de Flandres et ailleurs Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and De Coster's book also mentions the story on the spectacles in the coat of arms of Oudenaarde, the one about a paysant of Berchem in Het geuzenboek (1979) by Louis Paul Boon, while Abraham Hans (1882–1939) included both tales in De liefdesavonturen van keizer Karel in Vlaanderen. Oudenaarde ( French Audenarde, English sometimes Oudenarde) is a Belgian municipality in the Flemish province For the Dutch Golden Age painter see Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem Berchem is a southern district of the Municipality Louis Paul Boon ( 15 March 1912 - 10 May 1979) was a Flemish journalist and novelist who is considered one of the major 20th century Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• Lord Byron's Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte refers to Charles as "The Spaniard". Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.
• Ernst Krenek's opera Karl V (opus 73, 1930) examines the title character's career via flashbacks. Ernst Krenek ( August 23 1900 &ndash December 22 1991) was an Austrian born (and from 1945 an American) Composer Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Karl V is an Opera, described as a Bühnenwerk mit Musik ('stage work with music' by Ernst Krenek, his opus 73
• In the third act of Giuseppe Verdi's opera Ernani, the coronation of Charles as Holy Roman Emperor is presented. Ernani is an Operatic dramma lirico in four acts by Giuseppe Verdi to an Italian Libretto by Francesco Maria Piave, based Charles (Don Carlo in the opera) prays before the tomb of Charlemagne. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his With the announcement that that he is elected as Carlo Quinto he declares an amnesty including the eponymous bandit Ernani who had followed him there to murder him as a rival for the love of the soprano. The opera, based on the Victor Hugo play, portrays Charles as a callous and cynical adventurer whose character is transformed by the election into a responsible and clement ruler. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist
• In another Verdi opera, Don Carlo, the final scene implies that it is Charles V, now living the last years of his life as a hermit, who rescues his grandson, Don Carlo, from his father Philip II and the Inquisition, by taking him with him in his hermitage at the monastery in Yuste. This article refers to the opera Don Carlos ( Don Carlo when performed in Italian translation by Giuseppe Verdi Philip II may refer to Philip II of Macedon (382&ndash336 BC Philip II of France (1165&ndash1223 Philip II of
• In The Maltese Falcon, the title object is said to have been an intended gift to Charles V. The Maltese Falcon is a 1930 Detective novel by Dashiell Hammett, originally serialized in the magazine " Black Mask "
• A well known Flemish legend about Charles being served a beer at the village of Olen, as well as the emperor's lifelong preference of beer above wine, led to the naming of several beer varieties in his honor. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Haacht Brewery of Boortmeerbeek produces Charles Quint, while the Het Anker Brewery at Mechelen produces Gouden Carolus. Boortmeerbeek is a Municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. Mechelen ( Mechlin in English is a Dutch-speaking city and municipality in the province of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium. ^[21]
• In the episode of The Simpsons, Margical History Tour, Homer Simpson portrays Henry VIII who, wanting to end his marriage to Catherine of Aragon said "I can't cut off her head because her dad's the King of Spain. " Margical History Tour " is the eleventh episode of The Simpsons ' fifteenth season. Homer Jay Simpson is a main fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons and father of the eponymous family. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536 also known as Catharine, Katherine or Katharine ( Castilian Infanta Catalina " This is a reference to why the real Henry VIII couldn't behead his first wife. In real life, Catherine was the daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon, not Charles V, the then King of Spain. Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón
• Gouden Carolus Grand Cru of the Emperor (Gouden Carolus Cuvee Van De Keizer) is a beer by Brouwerij Het Anker in Mechelen, Belgium. Mechelen ( Mechlin in English is a Dutch-speaking city and municipality in the province of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those It is brewed once a year on Charles V's birthday.
• In the 2003 film Luther, he is portrayed by Torben Liebrecht. Luther is a 2003 Biopic about the life of Martin Luther (1483-1546

See also

• Kings of Germany family tree. The following image is a Family tree of every king monarch confederation president and emperor of Germany, from Louis the German in 843 through to He was related to every other king of Germany.
• The empire on which the sun never sets

Ancestors

References

Bibliography

• (German) Norbert Conrads: Die Abdankung Kaiser Karls V. Abschiedsvorlesung, Universität Stuttgart, 2003 (text)
• (German) Stephan Diller, Joachim Andraschke, Martin Brecht: Kaiser Karl V. und seine Zeit. Ausstellungskatalog. Universitäts-Verlag, Bamberg 2000, ISBN 3-933463-06-8
• (German) Alfred Kohler: Karl V. 1500–1558. Eine Biographie. C. H. Beck, München 2001, ISBN 3-406-45359-7
• (German) Alfred Kohler: Quellen zur Geschichte Karls V. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1990, ISBN 3-534-04820-2
• (German) Alfred Kohler, Barbara Haider. Christine Ortner (Hrsg): Karl V. 1500–1558. Neue Perspektiven seiner Herrschaft in Europa und Übersee. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2002, ISBN 3-7001-3054-6
• (German) Ernst Schulin: Kaiser Karl V. Geschichte eines übergroßen Wirkungsbereichs. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-17-015695-0
• (German) Ferdinant Seibt: Karl V. Goldmann, München 1999, ISBN 3-442-75511-5
• (German) Manuel Fernández Álvarez: Imperator mundi: Karl V. – Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches Deutscher Nation. . Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3763011781