- See also: 313 Chaldaea
Chaldea (from Greek Χαλδαία, Chaldaia; Akkadian māt Kaldu, Hebrew כשדים (Kaśdim, Arabic كلدان )[1][2], "the Chaldees" of the KJV Old Testament, was a Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylonia, mainly around Sumerian Ur, which turned into an independent kingdom under the Chaldees. 313 Chaldaea is a large Main belt Asteroid. It is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material. In Western Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar Ur ( Sumerian:urim; Akkadian: ?) is modern Tell el-Mukayyar, Iraq, and was a city in ancient Sumer. Known as "Ur of the Chaldees," it went on war campaigns against foreign dynasties ruling southern Mesopotamia, mainly the Akkadians and the Babylonians. It turned into a Babylonian colony in the early days of Hammurabi, but remained in a special position in relation to other cities ruled by Babylon in that region. Hammurabi ( Akkadian from Amorite ˤAmmurāpi, "the kinsman is a healer" from ˤAmmu, "paternal kinsman" and Rāpi One early such reference is to the impending of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II (Habakkuk 1:6). Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Nebuchadrezzar II, more often called Nebuchadnezzar (c 630-562 BC was a ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c The Book of Habakkuk is the eighth book of the 12 Minor prophets of the Hebrew Bible.
The 11th dynasty of the Kings of Babylon (6th century BC) is conventionally known to historians as the Chaldean Dynasty. The following is a list of the kings of Babylonia, a major city and empire in ancient lower Mesopotamia, compiled from the traditional Babylonian king lists and modern The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th ("Chaldean" dynasty from the revolt of Nabopolassar Their kingdom in the southern portion of Babylonia lay chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates. Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital Though the name came to be commonly used to refer to the whole of Mesopotamia, Chaldea proper was the vast plain in the south formed by the deposits of the Euphrates and the Tigris, extending to about four hundred miles along the course of these rivers, and about a hundred miles in average width. The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern
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The Land
Chaldea as the name of a country is used in two different senses[3]. In the early period it was the name of a small territory in southern Babylonia extending along the northern and probably also the western shores of the Persian gulf. Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the It is called in Assyrian mat Kaldi—that is, "land of Chaldea"—but there is also used, apparently synonymously, the expression mât Bit Yakin. For the river see Kur River; for the village in Azerbaijan see Kür. It would appear that Bit Yakin was of the land; and the king of Chaldea is also called the king of Bit Yakin, just as the kings of Bab the estuaries of the Tigris and Euphrates, which then discharged their waters through narrow bonds and obtained the ascendency over all Babylonia, they gave their name to the whole land of Babylonia, which under the Chaldean dynasty was called Chaldea. The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th ("Chaldean" dynasty from the revolt of Nabopolassar
The People
The Chaldeans were a Semitic people and apparently of very pure blood. In Linguistics and Ethnology, Semitic (from the Biblical " Shem " Hebrew שם translated as "name" Arabic: ساميّ They appear in the country of the sea-lands around the head of the Persian Gulf at about the same time that the Arameans and the Sutu appeared in Babylonia. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The Aramaeans (also Arameans) ( Aramaic / Syriac: ܐܪܡܝܐ, Ārāmāye' were a Semitic (West Semitic language group The Soutzos or Soutsos ( Romanian: Suţu or Sutzu) is a Greek Phanariote family which grew into prominence and power in Though belonging to the same Semitic race, they are to be differentiated from the Aramean stock; and Sennacherib, for example, is careful in his inscriptions to distinguish them. When they came to possess the whole land their name became synonymous with Babylonian, and, though conquerors, they were speedily assimilated to Babylonian culture.
The language of the Kaldu was Babylonian, the same, save for slight peculiarities in sound and in characters, as the Assyrian language of Niniveh. In the late Assyrian Empire, Babylonian ceased to be spoken, and Aramaic took its place. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture Aramaic is a Semitic language with One form of this widespread language is used in Daniel and Ezra.
The Chaldeans were traditional allies of the Elamites and Persians in their struggle against the Assyrians. [4]
History
- Further information: Neo-Babylonian Empire
Important Kaldu cities were Bit-Yâkin (the original homeland at the Persian Gulf), Bit-Dakuri, Bit-Adini, Bit-Amukkani, and Bit-Shilani. The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th ("Chaldean" dynasty from the revolt of Nabopolassar King Ukinzir (Greek: Chinzeros) conquered Babylonia, ruling 731-729, but was again defeated by Tiglath-Pileser III. Tiglath-Pileser III (from the Hebraic form of Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my trust is in the son of Esharra" was a prominent king During the reign of Tiglath-Pileser III (745-727), Babylonia saw a significant influx of Kaldu settlers.
Merodach-Baladan of Bit-Yâkin gained the support of the Elamites and was king of Babylonia several times between 721 and 710, being deposed by the Assyrians, but always succeeding in seizing the reins of power again. Marduk-apla-iddina II (the biblical Merodach-baladan, also called Marduk-baladan, Baladan and Berodach-baladan. Elam is the name of an ancient civilization located in what is now southwest Iran. The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. In 702, he once more campaigned against Sennacherib before being finally defeated at Kish. Sennacherib ( Akkadian Sîn-ahhe-eriba "(moon god Sîn has replaced (lost brothers for me" was the son of Sargon II, whom he KISH (1029 FM) is Guam 's first all- Chamorro Music formatted FM station King Mushezib-Marduk was king just before Sennacherib's sack of Babylon in 689 BC. Mushezib-Marduk (692 BC - 689 BC Chaldean prince chosen as King of Babylon after Nergal-ushezib. Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon.
It was only under Nabopolassar in 625 that the Kaldu attained lasting control over Babylon, after having defeated Assyria and Egypt at Karchemish, founding the Chaldean dynasty, which lasted until 539 and the rise of the Achaemenid Empire. Nabopolassar ( Akkadian: Nabû-apal-usur) was the first king (ruled 625-605 BC of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Carchemish (called Europus by the Greco-Romans) was an important ancient city of the Mitanni and Hittite empires now on the frontier between The term Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean refers to Babylonia under the rule of the 11th ("Chaldean" dynasty from the revolt of Nabopolassar The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of
When the Chaldean empire was absorbed into the Achaemenid, the name Chaldean lost its meaning as the name of a race of men, and came to be applied to a class. The Persians found the Chaldeans masters of reading and writing, and especially versed in all forms of incantation, in sorcery, witchcraft, and the magical arts. Thus, in Greek, "Chaldean" came to acquire the meaning of "astrologer" (e. g. in Strabo). Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. In this sense it is also used in the Book of Daniel (Dan. The Book of Daniel (דניאל, originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a Book in both the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh) and the Christian 1:4, 2:2ff. ).
References
- ^ Ptolemy 5. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca 19
- ^ Myers, Allen C. (1987). "Chaldea". The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-2402-1.
- ^ Chaldea. Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
- ^ Chaldeans at Iranica, (Muhammad Dandamayev)
See also
External links
This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain. The Chaldean Catholic Church or the Chaldean Church of Babylon (الكنيسة الكلدانية) is an Eastern particular church of the The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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