| Carmen Lawrence | |
 | |
| In office 12 February 1990 – 16 January 1993 | |
| Preceded by | Peter Dowding |
| Succeeded by | Richard Court |
| Constituency | Subiaco Glendalough Fremantle (federal) |
| Born | 2 March 1948 Northam, Western Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Political party | Australian Labor Party |
| Profession | Politician |
Dr. The Premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive government in the Australian State of Western Australia. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Peter M'Callum Dowding SC (born 6 October 1943 in Melbourne) was the 24th Premier of Western Australia, serving from 25 Richard Fairfax Court AC (born Nedlands, 27 September 1947) was a Western Australian politician representing the seat of Nedlands The Division of Fremantle is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Northam is a town in Western Australia, situated at the confluence of the Avon and Mortlock Rivers about north-east of Perth in the Avon Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Carmen Mary Lawrence (born 2 March 1948), is an Australian politician; a former Premier of Western Australia and the first woman to become Premier of a State of the Commonwealth of Australia. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Premier of Western Australia is the head of the executive government in the Australian State of Western Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
After leaving the State Parliament of Western Australia Lawrence became a Member of the House of Representatives in the Australian federal parliament. The Parliament of Western Australia consists of the Western Australian Legislative Council, the Western Australian Legislative Assembly and the Governor The House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers of the Parliament of Australia; it is the Lower house, the Upper house being the Senate The Parliament of Australia or Commonwealth Parliament is the legislative branch of government of Australia.
Lawrence became the first directly-elected Federal President of the Australian Labor Party in 2003.
Contents |
Early life
Carmen Lawrence was born in Northam, in the agricultural district of Western Australia and spent her early childhood in the towns of Gutha and Dongara. Northam is a town in Western Australia, situated at the confluence of the Avon and Mortlock Rivers about north-east of Perth in the Avon Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Gutha is a townsite in the Mid West region of Western Australia, north of Morawa. Dongara is a town located 351 km north-northwest of Perth on the Brand Highway.
She was one of seven children of Ernest Richard Lawrence, a farmer, and his wife Mary Norma (nèe Watson).
From the age of six she was educated at various Roman Catholic boarding schools: Marian Convent at Morawa; Dominican Ladies College at Dongara and Santa Maria College at Attadale from which she matriculated in 1964 with distinctions in six subjects, a General Exhibition for Academic Achievement and a Special Subject Exhibition in economics. Morawa is a town in the Mid West region of Western Australia. Santa Maria College is a Roman Catholic, boarding and Day school for girls situated in Attadale, a southern suburb of Perth, Attadale is a suburb of Perth Western Australia, located within the City of Melville.
Further education and employment
In 1965, Lawrence enrolled at the University of Western Australia in Perth, and graduated as a Bachelor of Psychology with First Class Honours in 1968, having won five prizes including that for the most outstanding graduate throughout the Faculties of Arts, Economics and Commerce, Law, Architecture and Education. The University of Western Australia (UWA is the oldest university in the state of Western Australia. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. She was also Senior Student for that year from Saint Catherine’s residential college.
She was politically active from an early stage. While at UWA she lobbied, successfully, to have the Campus Beauty Contest abolished. In Melbourne in the early 1970s she helped to found the Victorian Branch of the Women’s Electoral Lobby. [1]
She tutored at the University of Melbourne in 1971 and 1972, tutored and lectured at Curtin University from 1973 to 1978 and was a lecturer with the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Western Australia from 1979 until 1983. The University of Melbourne is a Public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Curtin University of Technology is a University with its main campus at Bentley, southeast of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. During this period she continued with post-graduate research, having won two scholarships for PhD studies in psychology, and received the doctoral degree in 1983, for her dissertation Maternal Responses to Infant Crying.
From 1983 until her election to parliament in 1986, Lawrence was employed in the Research and Evaluation Unit of the Psychiatric Services Branch of the Department of Health of Western Australia. [2][3]
State political career
Entry to State Parliament
During this period, Lawrence joined the Labor Party. She unsuccessfully contested the seat of East Melville at the 1983 election against sitting Liberal Party member Antony Trethowan, but was more successful in 1986 when she won the seat of Subiaco following the retirement of long-serving Liberal-turned-independent Dr Tom Dadour. The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party. In 1988, following the sudden departure of Brian Burke as Premier, she was appointed Minister for Education. Brian Thomas Burke (born in Perth, 25 February 1947 was Labor Premier of Western Australia from 25 February 1983 until his resignation on 25 February 1988 At the 1989 election, her seat of Subiaco was abolished in a redistribution, and she won the new seat of Glendalough.
The Western Australian Labor government was in a state of crisis as a result of corruption allegations against the cabinets of two successive premiers, Brian Burke and Peter Dowding, the so-called "WA Inc" period. Brian Thomas Burke (born in Perth, 25 February 1947 was Labor Premier of Western Australia from 25 February 1983 until his resignation on 25 February 1988 Peter M'Callum Dowding SC (born 6 October 1943 in Melbourne) was the 24th Premier of Western Australia, serving from 25 WA Inc is a shorthand journalistic term which refers to the subject matter of the WA Inc royal commission and to a period between 1983 and 1991 in Western Australia
Appointment as Premier
In February 1990, Dowding was forced by his colleagues to resign. Lawrence, a prominent opponent within the Labor Party of Brian Burke's "Right" faction, of which Dowding was a member, replaced him as Premier on 12 February 1990.
Carmen Lawrence was the first female Premier of an Australian State. However, she was not the first female head of government of a province of the Commonwealth of Australia; being preceded by Rosemary Follett, who became Chief Minister of the ACT on 11 May 1989. Rosemary Follett AO (born 27 March 1948) Australian politician was the first Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory – A Chief Minister is the elected Head of government of a sub-national (e } The Australian Capital Territory (ACT is the Capital territory of the Commonwealth of Australia and its smallest self-governing internal territory
On 19 November 1990, Lawrence called a Royal Commission into matters related to the WA Inc deals, after considerable public and media pressure including from her own brother, Bevan Lawrence, who led an activist organisation called People for Fair and Open Government. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The commission hearings began on 12 March 1991, and within months, the Labor party became a minority government as three left-wing MPs left the party to sit as independents. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Coverage of the commission hearings dominated the media for most of the period from then until the 1993 election.
Two significant matters which characterised Lawrence's premiership were a public demand for a strong legislative response to juvenile crime and problematic investments in public transport infrastructure.
Juvenile crime
Between mid-1990 and early 1992, a number of high-speed chases involving cars stolen by repeat juvenile offenders resulted in the deaths of 10 people, including a businessman and several young parents. All received considerable media attention, most notably from 6PR's Howard Sattler. 6PR, known as 882 6PR, is a commercial Radio station based in Perth, Australia. On 25 December 1991, 22-year-old Margaret Blurton and her infant son Shane were killed in a crash involving a 14-year-old offender in a stolen motor vehicle. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Margaret's husband Peter survived, and gained public sympathy through bedside interviews to print and electronic media. A candlelight vigil was organised outside Parliament House on 4 January 1992, and exactly a month later, responding directly to the public call for action, Lawrence and deputy leader Ian Taylor tabled the Crime (Serious and Repeat Offenders) Sentencing Bill 1992,[4] which was rushed through parliament despite the advice of a committee that it was "unworkable and unsustainable". Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Peter Blurton set up the Margaret and Shane Foundation to channel both his own grief and the immense public sympathy into a workable force to fight for the rights of crime victims. The law, however, turned out to be defective and Lawrence declared it to have been a mistake. [5] The Act was repealed in June 1994.
Transport infrastructure
The other matter which preoccupied the Government was the ongoing construction of the Northern Suburbs Transit System, later to be known as the Joondalup railway line, which proceeded throughout Lawrence's term as Premier. The Northern Suburbs Transit System is the name given to the project initiated and funded by the Government of Western Australia to provide high-speed Passenger History The line initially opened as the Joondalup Line was completed on 20 December 1992 as a major capital works project started by the Dowding Labor government She officially opened the line on 20 December 1992 and travelled on it with community leaders and selected members of the public, but the line was not opened for regular services until 21 March 1993. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The Perth City Busport (now known as the Esplanade Busport), was opened on 30 November 1991 in an effort to centralise services travelling through the central business district—however, due to its distance from St Georges Terrace, it was branded a "white elephant" by the media and failed to significantly impact on CBD traffic. Transperth Esplanade Busport, commonly known as Busport, previously known as Perth City Busport, was opened on Saturday 30 November 1991 and is located Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. St Georges Terrace is the main Street in the city of Perth Western Australia. However, the station is still in use, and has since been integrated into the rail network following the opening of the Mandurah railway line in December 2007. History Legislation for the construction of the Mandurah Line was passed in December 1999.
A precursor
On 5 November 1992 the first public manifestation of what would become known as the Easton affair appeared. The Easton affair was the name which came to be used to describe a Western Australian political scandal A petition was tabled in the Legislative Council by Labor MLC John Halden which contained an allegation that the Opposition Leader Richard Court had leaked confidential information to a party in a divorce case. John Stanley Halden (born 21 January 1954) at Fremantle Western Australia, is a former member of the Western Australian Legislative Council The Leader of the Opposition in Western Australia is the leader of the largest minority political party or coalition of parties in the Legislative Assembly Richard Fairfax Court AC (born Nedlands, 27 September 1947) was a Western Australian politician representing the seat of Nedlands The petitioner was Brian Mahon Easton, a former Western Australian public servant. The alleged recipient of the leaked information was his former wife, Penny Campbell. Under considerable stress caused by the consequent media attention, she committed suicide on 9 November 1992. In Parliament on the following day, in response to an Opposition question, Lawrence denied prior knowledge of the petition. This denial was to trigger events which would, within three years, alter the public's perception of Lawrence and greatly damage her prospects.
Election defeat
In the election held on 6 February 1993, the Lawrence government was defeated by the Liberal-National coalition and Richard Court, who had replaced Barry MacKinnon as opposition leader just a year earlier, became Premier. The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party. The National Party of Australia is an Australian political party. Lawrence remained as Opposition Leader until early 1994. The Leader of the Opposition in Western Australia is the leader of the largest minority political party or coalition of parties in the Legislative Assembly
In December 1993, Carmen Lawrence, Jim McGinty and Geoff Gallop joined in a petition to the High Court of Australia to challenge the franchise system for the Western Australian Legislative Council. James Andrew "Jim" McGinty (born 22 September, 1949) is an Australian politician Professor Geoffrey Ian Gallop AC (born 27 September 1951 is an Australian Academic and former Politician. The High Court of Australia is the final court of appeal in Australia the highest court in the Australian court hierarchy. The Legislative Council, or upper house is one of the two chambers of parliament in the Australian state of Western Australia. The system of vote-weighting tended to favour the conservative parties and was a long-term obstacle to the ALP gaining control of the Council. On 20 February 1996 the new Chief Justice Brennan, Justice Dawson and McHugh, and the new Justice Gummow, rejected the challenge. Sir Francis Gerard Brennan AC, KBE, QC (born 22 May, 1928) is an Australian lawyer judge and 10th Chief Justice
Federal political career
Entry to Federal Parliament and Cabinet Ministry
On 12 March 1994, following the resignation of former Federal treasurer and member for Fremantle, John Dawkins, she won a by-election for the seat and entered federal politics. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The Division of Fremantle is an Australian Electoral Division in Western Australia. John Sydney "Jo" Dawkins, AO (born 2 March 1947) Australian politician was Treasurer A by-election or bye-election (called special election in the United States) is an Election held to fill a political office that has become vacant Fremantle was a moderately safe Labor seat which had once been held by Labor Prime Minister John Curtin, and later, Whitlam-era Education Minister Kim Beazley senior. John Joseph Curtin (8 January 1885 &ndash 5 July 1945 Australian politician and 14th Prime Minister of Australia, led Australia when the Australian mainland came under direct Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916 known as Gough Whitlam (ˈɡɒf goff is an Australian former politician and 21st Kim Edward Beazley, AO ( 30 September 1917 – 12 October 2007) known as simply Kim Beazley during his career Australian
On 25 March 1994, she was appointed Minister for Human Services and Health and Minister assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women in the Keating government. The Minister for Health and Ageing is a portfolio in the Government of Australia with the responsibility for national health policy The Australian Minister for Status of Women is Tanya Plibersek, who was appointed on 3 December 2007, following the Labor Party 's win The Second Keating Ministry was the sixtieth Australian Commonwealth ministry, and held office from 24 March 1993 to 11 March 1996
The Royal Commission
In May 1995, Premier Court requested the establishment of a Royal Commission to determine the circumstances of the tabling of the Easton affair petition. The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the On 14 November 1995, the Royal Commission released a report which found that Lawrence had misled the Western Australian Parliament concerning her knowledge of and role in the tabling of the petition. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Paul Keating denounced the Commission as a political stunt and accused the Commissioner, Kenneth Marks QC, of bias.
At the 1996 federal election, the Keating government lost office and, following Paul Keating's resignation of the leadership, Kim Beazley, a Western Australian, became the new Leader of the Opposition. House of Reps preference flows The Democrats contested 138 electorates with preferences slightly favouring Labor (54 For Kim Beazley's father Kim Beazley senior, see Kim Edward Beazley.
Lawrence was appointed to the Opposition frontbench as Shadow Environment Minister. On 21 February 1997, she was charged with three counts of perjury resulting from the findings of the Marks Royal Commission. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar She stood down from the shadow ministry pending her trial. She was acquitted on 23 July 1999. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)
Later political life
In September 2000 Beazley approved her reappointment to the Labor frontbench, and appointed her shadow minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, the Arts and Status of Women.
During the 2001 federal election campaign, Lawrence strongly disapproved of Beazley's support for the government's policy of detaining asylum seekers (see MV Tampa). Federal elections were held in Australia on 10 November, 2001. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The MV Tampa is a Norwegian Cargo ship. In August 2001 under Captain Arne Rinnan, a diplomatic dispute brewed between Australia In December 2002 she resigned from the Shadow Cabinet, describing the party's policies on asylum and immigration as "brutal and inhumane". Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term [6]
She announced on 29 March 2007 that she would not recontest her seat in the Parliament at the 2007 Australian federal election. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Federal elections for the Parliament of Australia were held on Saturday 24 November 2007 after a 6-week campaign in which 13 [7]
Presidency of the ALP
During 2002 the Labor Party approved a series of reforms proposed by new Opposition leader Simon Crean, among them the direct election of the party's National President by the party membership (the post had previously been filled by election at the party's National Conference) and a reduction of the union's representation at party conferences from 60% to 50%. Simon Findlay Crean (born 26 February 1949) is an Australian Politician, and current Minister for Trade in the Australian Federal Government Lawrence emerged as the candidate of the party's Left faction for the post, and the election took place in November 2003. Although she did not win an absolute majority of the votes, Lawrence topped the poll and was elected President, taking office on 1 January 2004, shortly after Mark Latham succeeded Crean as party Leader. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Mark William Latham (born 28 February 1961) a former Australian politician was leader of the Federal Parliamentary Australian Labor Party She used the position to campaign in favour of a policy of better treatment for asylum seekers entering Australia. [8] Her term as National President ended on 1 January, 2005, when she was succeeded by Barry Jones. Barry Owen Jones AO (born 11 October 1932, Geelong, Victoria) is a writer lawyer social activist quiz champion and former
After Parliament
As foreshadowed in her announcement of March 2007, Lawrence did not contest the federal election held on 24 November 2007, thereby retiring from Parliament. Federal elections for the Parliament of Australia were held on Saturday 24 November 2007 after a 6-week campaign in which 13 Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. She was succeeded as Member for Fremantle by Melissa Parke, also of the ALP. Melissa Parke (born 11 August 1966) is an Australian lawyer and politician who worked for the United Nations from 1999 to 2007
Following her departure from the federal Parliament, Lawrence was engaged for a term, in 2008, as a Professorial Fellow at the University of Western Australia. Her brief was to conduct collaborative research with a focus on the origins of fanaticism and extreme behaviour, including terrorism, under the auspices of the University's Institute of Advanced Studies. [9].
Notable public appearances and other engagements
- Lawrence delivered the John Curtin Memorial Lecture in 1994, speaking on the theme Women and Labor - A Future Perspective. [10]
- On 24 November 1994, Lawrence delivered a lecture at Curtin University titled, "My Invalid Carrot is the Prettiest of Them All" as part of the Elizabeth Jolley Lecture Series. Curtin University of Technology is a University with its main campus at Bentley, southeast of Perth, the capital of Western Australia. Monica Elizabeth Jolley AO ( 4 June, 1923 &ndash 13 February, 2007) was an English award-winning author notable in [11]
- In 1995/96 Lawrence was named "Number One Ticket-Holder" for the Fremantle Football Club. Fremantle Football Club, unofficially nicknamed The Dockers and known informally as "Freo" is one of 16 teams in the Australian Football League (AFL Fremantle Football Club, unofficially nicknamed The Dockers and known informally as "Freo" is one of 16 teams in the Australian Football League (AFL
- In 2002, in her capacity as Shadow Minister for the Status of Women, Lawrence took part in the Canberra launch of the National Maternity Action Plan. The National Maternity Action Plan (NMAP is an Australian document prepared by maternity consumer groups to alter the way Governments fund and resource maternity services
- From 2000 to 2004, she was a contributor to the Internet journal Online Opinion. [12]
- From 2002 to 2005, she was an intermittent contributor to Margo Kingston's Webdiary. Margo Kingston (born 1959 is an Australian journalist author and commentator [13]
- In 2005 she spoke in the Eminent Lecturer Series for the Herbert and Valmae Freilich Foundation which is hosted by the Australian National University. The Australian National University, commonly abbreviated to ANU, is a public Research university situated in Canberra, Australia. Her lectures on the theme Fear and Public Policy have since been published as a book titled Fear and Politics (listed in Publications section, below). [14]
- On 19 February 2007, Lawrence was the principal guest at the launch of the web publication The federal electorate of Fremantle: A history since 1901, an initiative of the John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library. [15]
Publications
Lawrence, Carmen (2006). Fear and Politics (Pbk), Melbourne: Scribe Publications. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 ISBN 9781920769871.
Lawrence, Carmen (2005). "Fear of the 'Other' and Public Policy", in Jo Coghlan: Seeking Refuge (Pbk), John Minns and Andrew Wells, Wollongong: University of Wollongong Press. ISBN 1 920831 50 9.
Lawrence, Carmen (2006). "Political Corporations", in Barry Jones: Coming to the Party: where to next for Labor? (Pbk), Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Barry Jones may refer to the following Barry Jones Baron Jones (born 1937 British politician Barry Jones (Australian politician (born ISBN 978 0 52285 283 7.
Lawrence, Carmen (2000). "The gender gap in political behaviour", in Kate Deverall: Party Girls - Labor Women Now (Pbk), Rebecca Huntley, Penny Sharpe, Jo Tilly, Sydney: Pluto Press Australia. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 ISBN 1864031174.
References
- ^ Australian Women Fact File site: [1]
- ^ Australian Women Fact File site: [2]
- ^ Website for John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library hosted by Curtin University.
- ^ Stockwell, Charlotte (22 September 1992). Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) "The role of the media in the juvenile justice debate in Western Australia", in Lynn Atkinson and Sally-Anne Gerull: National Conference on Juvenile Justice. ISBN 0-642-19620-6. Retrieved on 2008-03-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates
- ^ The West Australian, 9 March 1994, p. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) 7.
- ^ "Carmen Lawrence breaks ranks with party over immigration policy", Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 3 February 2002. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-08-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures
- ^ "Carmen Lawrence quits politics", AAP, 29 March 2007. Australian Associated Press (AAP is Australia 's national News agency. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-08-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures
- ^ "The real test: Latham faces his party", Fairfax Digital, 24 January 2004. Fairfax Media Limited, is one of Australia's largest diversified media companies Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2007-08-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures
- ^ University of Western Australia website: University News,
- ^ Listed at The John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library's website.
- ^ From Curtin University's Elizabeth Jolley Research Collection/Awards and Recognition section.
- ^ Lawrence's page at On-line Opinion.
- ^ Margo Kingston's post of Lawrence's valedictory speech to federal Parliament and links to archives of Lawrence's contributions to Webdiary.
- ^ Freilich Foundation CV page for Lawrence and links to transcripts of the lectures.
- ^ Events and Lectures page at JCPML site.
External links
- Carmen Lawrence's website
- Australian Women Fact File on Carmen Lawrence
- Carmen Lawrence page at Website for John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library.
- Western Australian Electoral Commission data for the 1993 W.A. State Election
- Transcript of item from The 7:30 Report broadcast of 23 July 1999, concerning the perjury trial acquittal of Carmen Lawrence. The 730 Report is an Australian nightly Television current affairs program shown on ABC1 at 7
- Article from the Austalian newspaper of March 30, 2007 by Patricia Karvelas, on Carmen Lawrence's announcement of retirement from parliament: "Carmen leaves it to Kevin"
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Peter Dowding | Premier of Western Australia 1990 – 1993 | Succeeded by Richard Court |
| Preceded by Graham Richardson | Minister for Human Services and Health 1994 – 1996 | Succeeded by Michael Wooldridge |
| Preceded by Ros Kelly | Minister assisting the Prime Minister for the Status of Women 1994 – 1996 | Succeeded by Jocelyn Newman |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Peter Dowding | Leader of the Australian Labor Party in Western Australia 1990 – 1994 | Succeeded by Ian Taylor |
| Parliament of Australia | ||
| Preceded by John Dawkins | Member for Fremantle 1994 – 2007 | Succeeded by Melissa Parke |
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic