Citizendia

Kaapkolonie
Cape Colony
British colony
←
1795 – 1910 →
FlagCoat of arms
FlagCoat of arms
Anthem
God Save the Queen
Location of Cape Colony
The Cape Colony
CapitalCape Town
Language(s)English, Dutch ¹
ReligionDutch Reformed Church, Anglican
GovernmentConstitutional monarchy
King
 - 1795-1820George III
 - 1901-1910Edward VII
Governor
 - 1797-1798George Macartney
 - 1901-1910Walter Hely-Hutchinson
Prime Minister
 - 1908–1910John X. Merriman
Historical eraScramble for Africa
 - Established1795
 - Dutch colony1803-1806
 - Anglo-Dutch treaty1814
 - Natal incorporated1844
 - Disestablished1910
Area
 - 1910569,020 km² (219,700 sq mi)
Population
 - 1910 est. This is a list of the various territories that have been under the political control of the United Kingdom and/or its predecessor states The Dutch Empire was the territories controlled by The Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa. The flag of Cape Colony was first adopted on 12 May 1875 and was replaced by the Union Flag of South Africa on 31 May 1910. The Cape Colony received responsible government in 1872, and with it came a growing sense that that the Colony should have its own arms. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms It is the National Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially Dutch Reformed Church (in Dutch: Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk or NHK was one of many branches of churches coming out of the Protestant Reformation in Europe Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is See also List of British consorts. This is a list of the monarchs of Great Britain and the United Kingdom. George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government George Macartney should not be confused with Sir George McCartney, a later British statesman Sir Walter Francis Hely-Hutchinson GCMG (22 August 1849 - 23 September 1913 son of Richard Hely-Hutchinson 4th Earl of Donoughmore, was an Anglo-Irish This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. John Xavier Merriman (1841 - 1926 was the last Prime minister of the Cape Colony before the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910 The Scramble for Africa, also known as the Race for Africa, was the proliferation of conflicting European claims to African territory during the New The Dutch Empire was the territories controlled by The Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 (also known as the Convention of London) was a Treaty signed between Great Britain and the United Provinces in Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. 2,564,965 
     Density4. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 5 /km²  (11. 7 /sq mi)
CurrencyPound sterling
¹ Dutch was the sole official language until 1806, when the British officially replaced Dutch with English. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Dutch was reincluded as a second official language in 1882.

The Cape Colony, part of modern South Africa, was established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652, with the founding of Cape Town. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the It was subsequently occupied in 1795, and finally taken in 1806, by the British - the period immediately before and during the Napoleonic Wars. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions It was coextensive with the later Cape Province, stretching from the Atlantic coast inland and eastward along the southern coast, constituting about half of modern South Africa: the final eastern boundary, after several wars against the Xhosa, stood at the Fish River. The Cape of Good Hope Province (commonly referred to simply as the Cape Province) was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of See also Xhosa language The Xhosa (ǁʰɔsɑ( people are speakers of Bantu languages living in south-east South Africa, and in the last two The Great Fish River (called great to distinguish from the Namibian Fish River) is a river running through the South African province of the In the north, the Orange River, also known as the Gariep River, served for a long time as the boundary, although some land between the river and the southern boundary of Botswana was later added to it. The Orange River ( Afrikaans / Dutch: Oranjerivier) Gariep River, Groote River or Senqu River is the longest river in The Republic of Botswana (Lefatshe la Botswana is a Landlocked nation in Southern Africa.

Contents

History

Main article: History of Cape Colony

In South Africa, the Dutch planted the first European colonists almost inadvertently, yet the consequences of their action were to be ultimately as grave and far-reaching as any later European incursion onto African soil. The written history of Cape Colony South Africa (later known as Cape Province) began when Bartolomeu Dias, a Portuguese navigator discovered The first Cape settlement was built in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company as a re-supply point and way station for Dutch vessels on their way back and forth between the Netherlands and the East Indies. The support station gradually became a settler community, the forebears of the Afrikaners, a white ethnic group in South Africa. The term Afrikaner people refers to white Afrikaans -speaking people who have been established in Southern Africa since the 17th century and are mainly of northwestern

The local Khoikhoi had neither a strong political organisation nor an economic base beyond their herds. They bartered livestock freely to Dutch ships. As Company employees established farms to supply the Cape station, they began to displace the Khoikhoi. Conflicts led to the consolidation of European landholdings and a breakdown of Khoikhoi society. Military success led to even greater Dutch control of the Khoikhoi by the 1670s. The Khoikhoi became the chief source of colonial wage labour.

The colony also imported slaves. Slavery set the tone for relations between the emergent and ostensibly "white" Afrikaner population and the "coloureds" of other races. Free or not, the latter were eventually identified with slave peoples.

After the first settlers spread out around the Company station, nomadic white livestock farmers, or Trekboers, moved more widely afield, leaving the richer, but limited, farming lands of the coast for the drier interior tableland. There they contested still wider groups of Khoikhoi cattle herders for the best grazing lands. By 1700, the traditional Khoikhoi lifestyle of pastoralism had disappeared. Pastoralism or pastoral farming is the branch of Agriculture concerned with the raising of Livestock.

The Cape society in this period was thus a diverse one. The Dutch Company officials (including Dutch Reformed ministers), the Afrikaners (both settled colonists and Trekboers), who were growing different from their counterparts in the Company, the Khoikhoi, and the slaves of diverse nationality all played differing roles. Intermarriage and cohabitation of masters and slaves added to the complexity. The emergence of Afrikaans, a new vernacular language of the colonials that is however intelligible with Dutch, shows that the Dutch immigrants themselves were also subject to acculturation processes. By the time of British rule after 1795, the sociopolitical foundations--and the basis of the Apartheid doctrine of modern South Africa--were firmly laid.

The history of Cape Colony started with the founding of Cape Town by Dutch commander Jan van Riebeeck, working for the Dutch East India Company, known in Dutch as the "Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie" (VOC). The written history of Cape Colony South Africa (later known as Cape Province) began when Bartolomeu Dias, a Portuguese navigator discovered Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" van Riebeeck ( 21 April, 1619 &ndash 18 January, 1677) was a Dutch colonial administrator

In 1795, France occupied the Seven Provinces of the Netherlands, the mother country of the Dutch East India Company. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. This prompted Great Britain to occupy the territory in 1795 as a way to better control the seas in order stop any potential French attempt to get to India. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie transferred its territories and claims to the Batavian Republic (the Revolutionary period Dutch state) in 1798, and ceased to exist in 1799. The Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek was the successor of the Republic of the United Netherlands. Improving relations between itself and Napoleonic France, and its vassal state the Batavian Republic, led the British to hand the Cape Colony over to the Batavian Republic in 1803 (under the terms of the Treaty of Amiens). The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or The Treaty of Amiens temporarily ended the hostilities between France and the United Kingdom during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Cape Colony
History
Pre-1806
1806–1870
1870–1899
1899–1910
view • talk • edit

In 1806, the Cape, now nominally controlled by the Batavian Republic, was occupied again by the British after their victory in the Battle of Blaauwberg. The written history of Cape Colony South Africa (later known as Cape Province) began when Bartolomeu Dias, a Portuguese navigator discovered The history of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870 spans the period of the history of Cape Colony during the Cape Frontier Wars, also called the Kaffir Wars which lasted The year 1870 in the history of the Cape Colony marks the dawn of a new era in South Africa, and it can be said that the development of modern South Africa began on The Second Anglo-Boer War had no sooner commenced with the ultimatum of the Transvaal Republic on 9 October 1899, than Mr Schreiner found himself called upon to deal The Battle of Blaauwberg, fought near Cape Town on 8 January 1806, was a small but significant military engagement The temporary peace between Britain and Napoleonic France had crumbled into open hostilities, whilst Napoleon had been strengthening his influence on the Batavian Republic (which Napoleon would subsequently abolish later the same year). The British hoped to keep Napoleon out of the Cape, and to control the Far East trade routes. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia.

They set up a British colony on 8 January, 1806. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Cape Colony remained under British rule until the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, when it became the Cape of Good Hope Province, better known as the Cape Province. } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa. The Cape of Good Hope Province (commonly referred to simply as the Cape Province) was a province in the Union of South Africa and subsequently the Republic of

Governors of the Cape Colony (1652-1910)

The title of the founder of the Cape Colony, Jan van Riebeeck, was "Commander of the Cape" (initially called "opperhoof"), a position which he held from 1652 to 1662. He was succeeded by a long line of both Dutch and British colonial administrators, depending on who was in power at the time:

Commanders of Dutch East India Company colony (1652-1691)

Governors of Dutch East India Company colony (1691-1795)

British colony (1st time, 1797-1803)

Batavian Republic (Dutch) colony (1803-1806)

British colony (2nd time, 1806-1910)

The post of High Commissioner for Southern Africa was also held from 27 January 1847 to 31 May 1910 by the Governor of the Cape Colony. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. An Administrator ( Administrator of the Government, Officer Administering the Government) in the constitutional practice of some countries in the Commonwealth Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" van Riebeeck ( 21 April, 1619 &ndash 18 January, 1677) was a Dutch colonial administrator Zacharias Wagenaer (also known as Wagenaar or Wagner) He was the chief officer or opperhoofd of the Dutch East India Company (VOC at the small Simon van der Stel October 14, 1639 – June 24, 1712, was the first Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. Simon van der Stel October 14, 1639 – June 24, 1712, was the first Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. Willem Adriaan van der Stel (1664 Haarlem - July 1 1723, Amsterdam) was Governor of the Cape Colony, a way station for the Dutch Ryk or "Rijk Tulbagh ( 14 May 1699, Utrecht - 11 August 1771, Cape Town) was Governor of the Cape George Macartney should not be confused with Sir George McCartney, a later British statesman General Francis Dundas (c1759 Sanson Berwickshire &ndash 15 January 1824, Dumbarton, Scotland was a British general and acting governor The Rt Hon Sir George Yonge 5th Baronet, KB (1731 &ndash 25 September 1812) was a British Secretary at War (1782–1783 and 1783–1794 General Francis Dundas (c1759 Sanson Berwickshire &ndash 15 January 1824, Dumbarton, Scotland was a British general and acting governor Jonkheer Jan Willem Janssens ( October 12 1762 - May 23 1838) was a Dutch Soldier and Statesman Sir David Baird 1st Baronet GCB ( 6 December 1757 &ndash 18 August 1829) was a British military leader Du Pré Alexander 2nd Earl of Caledon KP ( 14 December 1777 – 8 April 1839) styled Viscount Alexander from 1800 John Cradock 1st Baron Howden (1759–1839 was a British Peer and Soldier. The Lord Charles Henry Somerset ( December 2 1767 &ndash February 18 1831) was a British governor of the Cape Colony, South Africa Sir Rufane Shawe Donkin GCH KCB (1773 &ndash May 1, 1841) British Soldier, came of a military family This article is about the NSW governor for the Irish statesman see Richard Bourke 6th Earl of Mayo General Sir Richard Bourke, Sir Galbraith Lowry Cole 1 May 1772 Dublin - 4 October 1842 Highfield Park Hampshire, was an Irish British Army Sir Thomas Francis Wade, GCMG, KCB ( 25 August, 1818 – 31 July, 1895) was a London -born British Lieutenant-General Sir Benjamin d'Urban GCB, KCH, KCTS (1777 &ndash 25 May, 1849) was a British General and Lieutenant-General Sir George Thomas Napier KCB ( 30 June 1784 – 16 September, 1855) entered the army in 1800 and served Sir Peregrine Maitland, KCB, GCB ( July 6, 1777 &ndash May 30, 1854) was a British soldier and colonial administrator Sir Henry Eldred Curwen Pottinger 1st Baronet GCB PC of Richmond, (Chinese Translated Name 砵甸乍 also 璞鼎查 in Qing document Lieutenant General Sir Henry George Wakelyn Smith 1st Baronet of Aliwal GCB ( 28 June 1787 - 12 October 1860) known as Sir George Cathcart ( May 12, 1794 &ndash November 5, 1854) was a British general and diplomat Sir Charles Henry Darling KCB (1862 ( February 19, 1809 &ndash 25 January 1870) colonial governor born Annapolis Royal For other men with a similar name see George Grey (disambiguation or George Gray Sir George Grey, KCB ( 14 April Robert Henry Wynyard ( 24 December 1802 - 6 January 1864) was a New Zealand colonial administrator Lieutenant Governor Robert Henry Wynyard ( 24 December 1802 - 6 January 1864) was a New Zealand colonial administrator Lieutenant Governor Sir Philip Edmond Wodehouse KCB GCSI ( 26 February 1811 &ndash 25 October 1887) was a British colonial administrator Sir Henry Barkly, GCMG, KCB, FRS, FRGS ( 24 February 1815 – 20 October 1898) was a British politician Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere 1st Baronet, GCB, GCSI, ( March 29, 1815 – May 29, 1884) was a British colonial administrator Major General Sir Henry Hugh Clifford, VC, KCMG, CB ( September 12, 1826 - April 12, 1883) was Major Sir George Cumine Strahan KCMG ( 9 December 1838 &ndash 17 February 1887) was a British military officer and This page is about Baron Rosmead who became the 5th Governor of Hong Kong under the name Robinson Henry Brougham Loch 1st Baron Loch GCMG, KCB ( 23 May 1827 &ndash 20 June 1900) was a Scottish soldier and This page is about Baron Rosmead who became the 5th Governor of Hong Kong under the name Robinson Alfred Milner 1st Viscount Milner, KG, GCB, GCMG, PC (23 March 1854&ndash13 May 1925 was a controversial German-born British Lieutenant-General Sir William Francis Butler GCB PC ADC (31 October 1838 - 7 June 1910 was an Irish 19th century British Army officer The post of Governor of the Cape Colony became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa. } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa.

Prime Ministers of the Cape Colony (1872-1910)

The post of prime minister of the Cape Colony also became extinct on 31 May 1910, when it joined the Union of South Africa. Sir John Charles Molteno KCMG ( 5 June 1814 - 1 September 1886) was a Politician, British Administrator Sir John Gordon Sprigg (1830-1913 GCMG was a British Administrator, Politician and four-time Prime minister of the Cape Colony Thomas Charles Scanlen (b 9 July 1834 - d 15 December 1912) was a politician British Administrator and Prime Minister Thomas Upington (1844 - 1898 born in Cork, Ireland was a British administrator in South Africa. Sir John Gordon Sprigg (1830-1913 GCMG was a British Administrator, Politician and four-time Prime minister of the Cape Colony Cecil John Rhodes, PC DCL (5 July 1853 &ndash 26 March 1902 was an English -born Businessman mining Magnate, and Politician Sir John Gordon Sprigg (1830-1913 GCMG was a British Administrator, Politician and four-time Prime minister of the Cape Colony William Philip Schreiner ( 30 August 1857 - 28 June 1919) was a Barrister, Politician, Statesman and Prime Sir John Gordon Sprigg (1830-1913 GCMG was a British Administrator, Politician and four-time Prime minister of the Cape Colony Sir Leander Starr Jameson 1st Baronet, KCMG, CB, ( February 9, 1853 &ndash November 26, 1917) also known as " John Xavier Merriman (1841 - 1926 was the last Prime minister of the Cape Colony before the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910 Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

References

External links



© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic