Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) is the national governing body of university sport in Canada, comprised of the majority of degree granting universities in the country. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Founded in 1906 as the Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Union (CIAU), it changed its name to CIS in June 2001.
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Sanctioned Sports
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In the spring of 2005, CIS members voted to add both men's and women's curling to its roster of sports. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Cross Country running is a Sport of running Compete to complete a course over open or rough terrain faster than other teams Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport Wrestling. Curling is a team Sport with similarities to Bowls and Shuffle board, played by two teams of four players each on a rectangular sheet of carefully prepared CIS curling competition will commence in September 2006.
Other sports, like lacrosse and baseball, are likely to be considered for additions to the CIS roster in the future
Athletic funding
The primary difference between the CIS and the NCAA is that CIS member institutions do not offer athletic scholarships; although, universities do provide partial athletic awards, as well as academic scholarships and needs-based grants for athletes who have to forgo part-time employment to participate. Lacrosse is a full contact Team sport played using a solid rubber ball and long handled racket called a crosse or Lacrosse stick. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations An athletic scholarship is a form of Scholarship to attend a College or University awarded to an individual based predominantly on his or her ability to In a CIS study for the 2002-2003 academic year, across all sports, the average award per student athlete was $522. 00 for men and $311. 00 for women. The highest average was for male ice hockey players, getting $1,108. 00 annually[1] This funding falls far short of NCAA athletic scholarships, but does not include funding for Sport Canada national team members and athletes who qualify through outstanding classroom achievement for full academic scholarships. An athletic scholarship is a form of Scholarship to attend a College or University awarded to an individual based predominantly on his or her ability to Sport Canada is a branch of the Department of Canadian Heritage. A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual student scholar for the purpose of furthering their Education
Increasingly, CIS schools are offering booster-support programs, where alumni, parents and/or corporations can donate money to a targeted fund especially designed to off-set a student-athlete's tuition and living costs. The University of Windsor has an Adopt-A-Lancer program,[2] for example. The University of Windsor is a Non-denominational, provincially-supported Coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario The CIS has no regulations, unlike the NCAA, regarding how much each school can provide to teams through private support. The Université Laval's Rouge et Or football team, winner of the last 4 of 8 Vanier Cups, is so successful fund raising, the team trains in Florida during the spring. Rouge et Or (Red and Gold is the name of Université Laval 's varsity sports teams The Vanier Cup (in Coupe Vanier is the name of the championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the [3]
NCAA institutions can offer full and partial- depending upon the sport- athletic scholarships which cover the cost of books, tuition, housing and travel. An athletic scholarship is a form of Scholarship to attend a College or University awarded to an individual based predominantly on his or her ability to Therefore, many of the best high school level athletes in Canada continue their careers in the United States, where their education is paid for. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution [4]
Canadian Hockey League teams offer financial support for their graduates - who attend school within two years of playing major junior - who choose to play for a CIS school after graduating from major junior hockey. The Canadian Hockey League is an Umbrella organization that represents the three Canadian -based Major Junior Ice hockey leagues for players 16 The Canadian Hockey League is an Umbrella organization that represents the three Canadian -based Major Junior Ice hockey leagues for players 16 Hockey players who play in the CHL are ineligible for NCAA athletic scholarships, although they many attend a CHL training camp. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations An athletic scholarship is a form of Scholarship to attend a College or University awarded to an individual based predominantly on his or her ability to However, they can only stay a max of 48 hours and can not dress in any games.
Championships
- Vanier Cup (men's football)
- Molinex Trophy (women's rugby)
- Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's ice hockey championship
- University Cup (men's ice hockey)
- Canadian Interuniversity Sport men's basketball championship
- Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's basketball championship
Members
The member universities of CIS are further organized into the four following regional associations. The Vanier Cup (in Coupe Vanier is the name of the championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team The Molinex Trophy is awarded annually to the Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's Rugby union champions This is a list of Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's Ice hockey champions The University Cup is awarded annually to the Canadian Interuniversity Sport men's Ice hockey champions The W P McGee Trophy is a Canadian sports award presented annually to the winner of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport championship in men's Basketball This is a list of winners of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport women's basketball championship, also called the Bronze Baby. In some of these sports, these associations are the basis of divisional alignment, and thus are sometimes called conferences.
Basketball
The CIS basketball teams are organized in the following way:
Football
The CIS football teams are organized in the following way:
Atlantic University Sport
The AUS's Canadian football conference is generally referred to as the Atlantic University Football Conference. The Atlantic Universities Athletics Association was founded in 1974, with the merging of the Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association and the Atlantic Women's The Canada West Universities Athletic Association is a regional association of Canadian university athletic programs similar to what would be called a "college athletic Ontario University Athletics is the governing body of Ontario universities who compete in the a variety of varsity sports The Quebec Student Sports Federation is not only the governing body for university athletics in Quebec, but also that of CEGEPs and High schools as well The Victoria Vikes are the athletic teams that represent the University of Victoria of Victoria British Columbia, Canada in Canadian Interuniversity The UBC Thunderbirds are the athletic teams that represent the University of British Columbia in the University Endowment Lands just outside the city limits of The Simon Fraser Clan are the athletic teams that represent Simon Fraser University in Burnaby British Columbia, Canada. The Trinity Western Spartans are the athletic teams that represent Trinity Western University in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS the top university athletics The University of the Fraser Valley (UFV (formerly known as University College of the Fraser Valley) was founded in 1974 as the Fraser Valley College The TRU WolfPack are the athletic teams that represent Thompson Rivers University in Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada. The Alberta Golden Bears are the men's athletic teams that represent the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The Alberta Pandas are the women's athletic teams that represent the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The Calgary Dinos are the athletic teams that represent the University of Calgary in Calgary Alberta, Canada. The Lethbridge Pronghorns, formerly known as the Chinooks are the athletic teams that represent the University of Lethbridge in Lethbridge, Awards and standings The Huskies are year after year one of the top sport schools in Canada. The Regina Cougars are the athletic teams that represent the University of Regina in Regina Saskatchewan, Canada. The Brandon Bobcats are the athletic teams that represent Brandon University in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada. The Winnipeg Wesmen are the athletic teams that represent the University of Winnipeg in Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Bisons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada. The Lakehead Thunderwolves are the varsity athletic teams that represent Lakehead University in Thunder Bay Ontario, Canada. The Windsor Lancers are the varsity athletic teams that represent the University of Windsor in Windsor Ontario, Canada. The Western Ontario Mustangs (or more often the Western Mustangs) are the athletic teams that represent the University of Western Ontario in London Ontario The Guelph Gryphons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Guelph in Guelph Ontario, Canada and member of the Canadian Interuniversity The Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks is the name used by the varsity sports teams of Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo Ontario, Canada. The Waterloo Warriors are the athletic teams that represent the University of Waterloo in Waterloo Ontario, Canada. McMaster redirects here for others see McMaster (disambiguation. Brock University, generally referred to simply as Brock, is a comprehensive university located in St The York Lions is the official name for the athletic Varsity teams that representing York University in Toronto Ontario, Canada. The Varsity Blues is the name for the intercollegiate sports program at the University of Toronto. The Ryerson Rams are the athletic teams that represent Ryerson University in Toronto Ontario, Canada. Laurentian University ( Université Laurentienne) founded in 1960 is a mid-sized bilingual University in Greater Sudbury, Ontario The Queen's Golden Gaels are the athletic teams that represent Queen's University in Kingston Ontario, Canada. The RMC Paladins are the athletic teams that represent Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston Ontario, Canada. The Ottawa Gee-Gees are an athletic team that represents the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario in all of their sporting events The Carleton Ravens are the athletic teams that represent Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The UQAM Citadins are the athletic teams that represent the Université du Québec à Montréal in Montreal Quebec, Canada. The McGill Redmen are the men's athletic teams that represent McGill University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. The Concordia Stingers are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. Rouge et Or (Red and Gold is the name of Université Laval 's varsity sports teams Bishop's University is an English-language Liberal arts university located in the borough of Lennoxville, in Sherbrooke, Quebec The UNB Varsity Reds are the athletic teams that represent the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton New Brunswick, Canada. The UPEI Panthers represent the University of Prince Edward Island in Charlottetown Prince Edward Island, Canada. Acadia University is a non-denominational predominantly undergraduate University located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada with some graduate Dalhousie University is a University located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Saint Mary's Huskies are the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Saint Mary's University in Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada. St Francis Xavier University is a University located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. The CBU Capers are the athletic teams that represent Cape Breton University in Sydney Nova Scotia, Canada. The Memorial Sea-Hawks are the athletic teams that represent Memorial University of Newfoundland in St Season structure Regular season The regular season is eight weeks long and opens on the Labour Day weekend The UBC Thunderbirds are the athletic teams that represent the University of British Columbia in the University Endowment Lands just outside the city limits of The Simon Fraser Clan are the athletic teams that represent Simon Fraser University in Burnaby British Columbia, Canada. The Alberta Golden Bears are the men's athletic teams that represent the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The Calgary Dinos are the athletic teams that represent the University of Calgary in Calgary Alberta, Canada. Awards and standings The Huskies are year after year one of the top sport schools in Canada. The University of Regina is a public university located in Regina Saskatchewan, Canada. The Manitoba Bisons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada. The Windsor Lancers are the varsity athletic teams that represent the University of Windsor in Windsor Ontario, Canada. The Western Ontario Mustangs (or more often the Western Mustangs) are the athletic teams that represent the University of Western Ontario in London Ontario The Guelph Gryphons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Guelph in Guelph Ontario, Canada and member of the Canadian Interuniversity The Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks is the name used by the varsity sports teams of Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo Ontario, Canada. The Waterloo Warriors are the athletic teams that represent the University of Waterloo in Waterloo Ontario, Canada. McMaster redirects here for others see McMaster (disambiguation. The York Lions is the official name for the athletic Varsity teams that representing York University in Toronto Ontario, Canada. The Varsity Blues is the name for the intercollegiate sports program at the University of Toronto. The Queen's Golden Gaels are the athletic teams that represent Queen's University in Kingston Ontario, Canada. The Ottawa Gee-Gees are an athletic team that represents the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario in all of their sporting events The Concordia Stingers are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. The McGill Redmen are the men's athletic teams that represent McGill University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. The Carabins are the athletic teams that represent the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Rouge et Or (Red and Gold is the name of Université Laval 's varsity sports teams Bishop's University is an English-language Liberal arts university located in the borough of Lennoxville, in Sherbrooke, Quebec The Sherbrooke Vert-et-Or ("Sherbrooke Green and Gold" are the athletic teams that represent the Université de Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke Quebec, Canada The Mount Allison Mounties is the name given to varsity athletic teams that represent Mount Allison University in Sackville New Brunswick, Canada. Acadia University is a non-denominational predominantly undergraduate University located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada with some graduate The Saint Mary's Huskies are the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Saint Mary's University in Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada. St Francis Xavier University is a University located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) The Jewett Trophy is awarded to the championship football team from the AUS. The Jewett Trophy is a Canadian Sports Trophy, presented annually to the winner of the Atlantic University Football Conference of the Canadian Interuniversity From 1956 to 2001, the AUS has also hosted the Atlantic Bowl, one of the two national semifinal bowl games. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Atlantic Bowl was one of the two national semifinal men's football games of Canadian Interuniversity Sport.
- Acadia Axemen - Wolfville NS
- Mount Allison Mounties - Sackville NB
- St. Francis Xavier X-Men - Antigonish NS
- Saint Mary's Huskies - Halifax NS
Quebec Student Sports Federation
The QSSF's Canadian football conference is named since 2004 Quebec University Football League. Acadia University is a non-denominational predominantly undergraduate University located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada with some graduate The Mount Allison Mounties is the name given to varsity athletic teams that represent Mount Allison University in Sackville New Brunswick, Canada. St Francis Xavier University is a University located in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Saint Mary's Huskies are the men's and women's athletic teams that represent Saint Mary's University in Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada. In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) The Dunsmore Cup is awarded to the championship football team from Quebec. The Dunsmore Cup is a Canadian Sports Trophy, presented annually to the winner of the Quebec University Football League of the Canadian Interuniversity
- Bishop's Gaiters - Sherbrooke QC
- Concordia Stingers - Montreal QC
- Laval Rouge-et-Or - Quebec QC
- McGill Redmen - Montreal QC
- Université de Montréal Carabins - Montreal QC
- Sherbrooke Vert-et-Or - Sherbrooke QC
Ontario University Athletics
The Yates Cup is awarded to the championship Canadian football team from Ontario. Bishop's University is an English-language Liberal arts university located in the borough of Lennoxville, in Sherbrooke, Quebec The Concordia Stingers are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. Rouge et Or (Red and Gold is the name of Université Laval 's varsity sports teams The McGill Redmen are the men's athletic teams that represent McGill University in Montreal Quebec, Canada. The Carabins are the athletic teams that represent the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Sherbrooke Vert-et-Or ("Sherbrooke Green and Gold" are the athletic teams that represent the Université de Sherbrooke in Sherbrooke Quebec, Canada The Yates Cup is a Canadian Sports Trophy, presented annually to the winner of the Ontario University Athletics football conference of the In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling)
- Guelph Gryphons - Guelph ON
- McMaster Marauders - Hamilton ON
- Ottawa Gee-Gees - Ottawa ON
- Queen's Golden Gaels - Kingston ON
- Toronto Varsity Blues - Toronto ON
- Waterloo Warriors - Waterloo ON
- Western Ontario Mustangs - London ON
- Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks - Waterloo ON
- Windsor Lancers - Windsor ON
- York Lions - Toronto ON
Canada West Universities Athletic Association
The CWUAA's Canadian football conference is generally referred to as the Canada West Football Conference. The Guelph Gryphons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Guelph in Guelph Ontario, Canada and member of the Canadian Interuniversity McMaster redirects here for others see McMaster (disambiguation. The Ottawa Gee-Gees are an athletic team that represents the University of Ottawa in Ottawa, Ontario in all of their sporting events The Queen's Golden Gaels are the athletic teams that represent Queen's University in Kingston Ontario, Canada. The Varsity Blues is the name for the intercollegiate sports program at the University of Toronto. The Waterloo Warriors are the athletic teams that represent the University of Waterloo in Waterloo Ontario, Canada. The Western Ontario Mustangs (or more often the Western Mustangs) are the athletic teams that represent the University of Western Ontario in London Ontario The Wilfrid Laurier Golden Hawks is the name used by the varsity sports teams of Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo Ontario, Canada. The Windsor Lancers are the varsity athletic teams that represent the University of Windsor in Windsor Ontario, Canada. The York Lions is the official name for the athletic Varsity teams that representing York University in Toronto Ontario, Canada. In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) The Hardy Trophy is awarded to the championship football team from Canada West. The Hardy Trophy is a Canadian Sports Trophy, presented annually to the winner of the Canada West Football Conference of the Canadian Interuniversity
- Alberta Golden Bears - Edmonton AB
- UBC Thunderbirds - Vancouver BC
- Calgary Dinos - Calgary AB
- Manitoba Bisons - Winnipeg MB
- Regina Rams - Regina SK
- Saskatchewan Huskies - Saskatoon SK
- Simon Fraser Clan - Burnaby BC
CIS football players in the professional leagues
As of 2007, there were a record 120 CIS football players on the rosters of Canadian Football League teams. The Alberta Golden Bears are the men's athletic teams that represent the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The UBC Thunderbirds are the athletic teams that represent the University of British Columbia in the University Endowment Lands just outside the city limits of The Calgary Dinos are the athletic teams that represent the University of Calgary in Calgary Alberta, Canada. The Manitoba Bisons are the athletic teams that represent the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada. The University of Regina is a public university located in Regina Saskatchewan, Canada. Awards and standings The Huskies are year after year one of the top sport schools in Canada. The Simon Fraser Clan are the athletic teams that represent Simon Fraser University in Burnaby British Columbia, Canada. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in [1]
As of 2006, the CIS had produced 23 players who have earned a spot on an NFL roster (including three who did not play a regular season game; players listed in chronological order by entry year in NFL):
1945 Joe Krol, Western Ontario, K/RB. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Joe "King" Krol (born on February 20, 1919 in Hamilton Ontario) was a Canadian Football League Quarterback, Running
1947 Les Lear, Manitoba, OG/OT. Leslie Lear (born on August 22, 1918 in Grafton North Dakota, United States) is a former National Football League and Canadian
1960 Bill Crawford, UBC, OG. William Crawford (born July 17, 1937 in Victoria British Columbia) is a Canadian-born former American football Offensive lineman
1965 Jim Young, Queen's, RB/R. James Norman "Dirty Thirty" Young (born June 6, 1943 in Hamilton Ontario) is a former professional American football and Canadian
1976 Brian Fryer, Alberta, R. Brian Fryer (born July 16, 1953 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) is a former American football Wide receiver in
1979 Ken Clark, Saint Mary's, P. Kenneth Lawrence Clark (born May 26, 1948 in Southampton England) is a former American professional football punter who played seventeen
1986 Mike Schad, Queen's, OG. Michael Schad (born on October 2, 1963 in Belleville Ontario, Canada) is a former American football Offensive lineman
1987 Brian Belway, Calgary, DE. Brian P Belway (born May 28, 1963 in Ottawa Ontario) is a former NFL Defensive End, who played one game for the Los Angeles
1987 Dave Sparenberg, Western Ontario, OG. David Sparenberg (born on May 28, 1959 in Talbotville, Ontario, Canada) is a former professional American football
1987 Brant Bengen, UBC and Idaho, WR.
1988 Dean Dorsey, Toronto, K. Dean Dorsey (born March 13, 1957 in Toronto Ontario, Canada) is a former Canadian football Placekicker in the Canadian
1992 Tyrone Williams, Western Ontario, WR. Tyrone Williams (born March 26, 1970 in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a retired Wide receiver who played in the National Football
1995 Tim Tindale, Western Ontario, RB. Timothy Scott Tindale (born April 15, 1971 in London, Ontario, Canada) is a former American football Running back
1995 Mark Montreuil, Concordia, CB.
1995 Mark Hatfield, Bishop's, OL.
1996 Grayson Shillingford, UBC, SB.
1998 Jerome Pathon, Acadia & U. Jerome Pathon (born December 16, 1975 in Cape Town) is a South African born Canadian -raised American football Wide of Washington, R.
2001 Randy Chevrier, McGill, LS/DE.
2000 J. P. Darche, McGill, LS/LB. Jean-Philippe Darche (born on February 28, 1975 in Montréal, Quebec) is an American football Long snapper / Linebacker
2003 Israel Idonije, Manitoba, DL. Israel Idonije (born November 17, 1980 in Lagos, Nigeria, later immigrated with his family to Brandon Manitoba) is a Canadian
2004 Steve Morley, Saint Mary's, OG/OT. Steven Joseph Morley (born August 18, 1981 in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Offensive Lineman for the Saskatchewan Roughriders
2006 Daniel Federkeil, Calgary, DE. Daniel Hubert Federkeil (born November 9, 1983 in Medicine Hat Alberta, Canada) is an American football Offensive tackle
2006 Jon Ryan, Regina, K. Jonathan Robert Ryan (born November 26, 1981 in) is an American football punter for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football
See also
Notes and references
- ^ . The Canadian Colleges Athletic Association (or CCAA) is the national governing body for College Sports in Canada. The Fédération Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU English International University Sports Federation) based in Brussels, Belgium coordinates Teams Bill Allan Division North Shore Lions St Lazare Stallions St Season structure Regular season The regular season is eight weeks long and opens on the Labour Day weekend Canadian Interuniversity Sport. "CIS Announces Results of Data Collection on Athletic Awards" and "Sport by Sport Comparison - 2002-2003". (accessed 9 April 2007). Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Lancer Sports News. University of Windsor (website). "Lancer Football Introduces Touchdown Club" accessed 9 April 2007)
- ^ CBC News. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Established in the 1930s, CBC News is the department within the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs Laval's team was profiled during their training camp in Florida. Broadcast before Vanier Cup 2006.
- ^ Places Rated Almanac, by Savageau and Boyer, 1999
External links
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