Citizendia

This article is about the university town in England. For the city in the United States, see Cambridge, Massachusetts. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. For other places, see Cambridge (disambiguation). Cambridge is the county town of Cambridgeshire. It also commonly refers to The University of Cambridge Cambridge University
City of Cambridge
King's College Chapel, seen from The Backs
King's College Chapel, seen from The Backs
Official logo of City of Cambridge
Coat of Arms of the City Council
Cambridge shown within Cambridgeshire
Cambridge shown within Cambridgeshire
Coordinates: 52°12′29″N 0°7′21″W / 52.20806, -0.1225
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Constituent countryEngland
RegionEast of England
Ceremonial countyCambridgeshire
Admin HQCambridge City Centre
Founded1st century
City status1951
Government
 - TypeShire district, City
 - Governing bodyCambridge City Council
 - Lord MayorGlynn Evans
 - MPs:David Howarth (LD)
Andrew Lansley (C)
Area
 - District & City44. The Backs is an area of the city of Cambridge, England, where several colleges of the University of Cambridge back on to the River Cam, Activities The council provides various facilities and services within the city History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one The East of England is one of the nine official Regions of England. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. Activities The council provides various facilities and services within the city Brooklands Greater Manchester may refer to Brooklands Manchester Brooklands Trafford Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons David Ross Howarth (born 10 November 1958 is a British Liberal Democrat politician and Member of Parliament (MP for Cambridge since 2005 The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the Andrew David Lansley, CBE, (born 11 December 1956 is a politician in the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. 7 sq mi (115. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 65 km²)
Population (2006 est. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of )
 - District & City117,900 (Ranked 171st)
 - Urban130,000 (est. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. The figures are mid-year estimates for 2007 from the Office for National Statistics. )
(Cambridge Urban Area)
 - County752,900
 - Ethnicity [1]
74. The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies 5% White British
1. 4% White Irish
9. 6% White Other
2. 2% Mixed Race
5. 2% British Asian
5. 0% Chinese and other
2. 2% Black British
Time zoneGreenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
PostcodeCB
Area code(s)01223
Website: www.cambridge.gov.uk

The city of Cambridge (pronunciation (help·info)) is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Coordinated Universal Time, the basis for the world's civil time frequently referred to by the name of its predecessor Greenwich Mean Time Western The, also known as the Cambridge postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Cambridge, Ely, Haverhill, Newmarket and A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks A college town or university town is a community (often literally a Town, but possibly a small or medium sized City, or in some cases a Neighborhood History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It lies about 50 miles (80 km) north-northeast of London and is surrounded by a number of smaller towns and villages. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. It is also at the heart of the high-technology centre known as Silicon Fen. High tech is Technology that is at the cutting edge —the most advanced technology currently available Silicon Fen (sometimes the Cambridge Cluster) is the name given to the region around Cambridge, England, which is home to a large cluster of

Cambridge is best known for the University of Cambridge, which includes the renowned Cavendish Laboratory, King's College Chapel, and the Cambridge University Library. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the The Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge 's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences King's College Chapel is the chapel to King's College of the University of Cambridge, and is one of the finest examples of late English Gothic The Cambridge University Library is the centrally-administered library of the University of Cambridge in England. The Cambridge skyline is dominated by the last two buildings, along with the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital in the far south of the city and St John's College Chapel tower in the north. Addenbrooke's Hospital is a large Teaching hospital in Cambridge, England, with strong links to the University of Cambridge. St John's College, an institution known formally as The Master Fellows and Scholars of the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge is a The city's name is pronounced /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/, as opposed to another Cambridge in Gloucestershire, England, which is pronounced /ˈkæmbrɪdʒ/. Cambridge (ˈkæmbrɪdʒ is a village in the district of Stroud, in the county of Gloucestershire, England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century

According to the 2001 United Kingdom census, the City's population was 108,863 (including 22,153 students), and the population of the urban area (which includes parts of South Cambridgeshire district) is estimated to be 130,000. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located List of settlements Abington Piggotts - Arrington - Babraham - Balsham - Bar Hill - Barrington - Bartlow

Contents

History

Prehistory

Settlements have existed around this area of East Anglia since before the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The earliest clear evidence of occupation, a collection of hunting weapons, is from the Late Bronze Age, starting around 1000 BC. There is further archaeological evidence through the Iron Age, a Belgic tribe having settled on Castle Hill in the 1st century BC. The Belgae were a group of tribes living in northern Gaul in the 1st century BC and later also attested in Britain.

Roman times

Main article: Duroliponte

The first major development of the area began with the Roman invasion of Britain in about AD 40. Duroliponte (also Durolipons) was a small Town in the Roman province of Britannia. This page refers to the conquest begun in AD 43 For other Roman invasions see Caesar's invasions of Britain and Carausian Revolt. Year 40 was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Castle Hill made Cambridge a useful place for a military outpost from which to defend the River Cam. The River Cam is a Tributary of the River Great Ouse in the east of England. It was also the crossing point for the Via Devana which linked Colchester in Essex with the garrisons at Lincoln and the north. The Via Devana was a Roman Road in England that ran from Colchester in the south-east to Chester in the north-west Colchester ( /ˈkəʊltʃɛstə/ is a town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester, in Essex, England. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common Lincoln (ˈlɪŋkən is a Cathedral city and County town of Lincolnshire, England. This Roman settlement has been identified as Duroliponte.

The settlement remained a regional centre during the 350 years after the Roman occupation, until about AD 400. Roman roads and walled enclosures can still be seen in the area.

Saxon and Viking age

After the Romans had left, Saxons took over the land on and around Castle Hill. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south Their grave goods have been found in the area. During Anglo-Saxon times Cambridge benefited from good trade links across the otherwise hard-to-travel fenlands. By the 7th century, however, visitors from nearby Ely reported that Cambridge had declined severely. Cambridge is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as Grantebrycge. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of Annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons.

The arrival of the Vikings in Cambridge was recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 875. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Viking rule, the Danelaw, had been imposed by 878. The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: The Vikings' vigorous trading habits caused Cambridge to grow rapidly. During this period the centre of the town shifted from Castle Hill on the left bank of the river to the area now known as the Quayside on the right bank. After the end of the Viking period the Saxons enjoyed a brief return to power, building St Bene't's [2] church in 1025, which still stands in Bene't Street.

Norman times

In 1068, two years after his conquest of England, William of Normandy built a castle on Castle Hill. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Like the rest of the new kingdom, Cambridge fell under the control of the King and his deputies. The distinctive Round Church dates from this period. The Holy Sepulchre, commonly known as the "Round Church" is a church in Cambridge, England. By Norman times the name of the town had mutated to Grentabrige or Cantebrigge (Grantbridge), while the river that flowed through it was called the Granta.

Over time the name of the town changed to Cambridge, while the river Cam was still known as the Granta — indeed the Upper River (the stretch between the Millpond in Cambridge and Grantchester) is correctly known as the Granta to this day. The Welsh language name of the town remains Caergrawnt (roughly analogous to Grantchester, which is also the name of a village near Cambridge). Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Grantchester is a Village on the River Cam or Granta in Cambridgeshire, England. It was only later that the river became known as the Cam, by analogy with the name Cambridge. The University, formed 1209, uses a Latin adjective cantabrigiensis (often contracted to "Cantab") to mean "of Cambridge", but this is obviously a back-formation from the English name. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A retronym is a type of Neologism coined for an old object or concept whose original name has come to be used for something else is no longer unique or is otherwise inappropriate

Beginnings of the university

In 1209, students escaping from hostile townspeople in Oxford fled to Cambridge and formed a university there. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, The oldest college that still exists, Peterhouse, was founded in 1284. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. Peterhouse is the oldest college in the University of Cambridge. One of the most impressive buildings in Cambridge, King's College Chapel, was begun in 1446 by King Henry VI. King's College Chapel is the chapel to King's College of the University of Cambridge, and is one of the finest examples of late English Gothic Henry VI (6 December 1421 &ndash 21 May 1471 was King of England 1422–1461 (though with a Regent until 1437 and then 1470–1471 and a claimant to the kingdom The project was completed in 1515 during the reign of King Henry VIII. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of

Pembroke College was the third college to be founded in the University of Cambridge
Pembroke College was the third college to be founded in the University of Cambridge

Cambridge University Press originated with a printing licence issued in 1534. Pembroke College is a college of the University of Cambridge, home to over six hundred students and fellows, and is the third oldest of the colleges Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 Hobson's Conduit, the first project to bring clean drinking water to the town centre, was built in 1610 (by the Hobson of Hobson's choice). Hobson's Conduit was built from 1610 to 1614 by Thomas Hobson to bring fresh water into the city of Cambridge, England from springs at Nine Wells ( near Hobson's Choice is a play by Harold Brighouse, the title coming from the popular expression Hobson's choice — meaning no choice at all Parts of it survive today. Addenbrooke's Hospital was founded in 1766. Addenbrooke's Hospital is a large Teaching hospital in Cambridge, England, with strong links to the University of Cambridge. The railway and station were built in 1845. Cambridge railway station is a Railway station serving the city of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England. According to legend, the University dictated their location: well away from the centre of town, so that the possibility of quick access to London would not distract students from their work. However, there is no basis for this in written record.

Despite having a university, Cambridge was not granted its city charter until 1951. Cambridge does not have a cathedral (traditionally a pre-requisite for city status), and falls within the Church of England Diocese of Ely. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Church of England The Diocese of Ely is a Church of England diocese in the Province of Canterbury.

Original historical documents relating to the town of Cambridge (as opposed to the university or colleges within Cambridge) are held by Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies at the County Record Office Cambridge and at the Cambridgeshire Collection. Cambridgeshire Archives and Local Studies Service (CALS is a UK local government institution which collects and preserves Archives, other historical documents and printed material These records include original registers for the parish churches dating back to the 1530s, local government records, maps, photographs, and records of some businesses, schools and charities.

Cambridge today

The market in the centre of Cambridge, with Great St Mary's Church in the background · more
The market in the centre of Cambridge, with Great St Mary's Church in the background · more
Trinity Street, St John's Street and the Main Gate of St John's College with the tower of the college's chapel looming in the background
Trinity Street, St John's Street and the Main Gate of St John's College with the tower of the college's chapel looming in the background

Cambridge is now one of East Anglia's major settlements, along with Norwich, Ipswich and Peterborough. St John's College, an institution known formally as The Master Fellows and Scholars of the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge is a History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the size of the city was greatly increased by several large council estates planned to hold London's overspill. A housing estate is a group of buildings built together as a single development London overspill is the term given to the communities created - largely consisting of Council houses - as a result of the policy of moving residents out of Greater London The biggest impact has been on the area north of the river, which is now home to the estates of Arbury, East Chesterton and King's Hedges, whilst there are many smaller estates to the south of the city. Arbury is a district and electoral ward of the city of Cambridge, England. King's Hedges is an electoral ward in the north of the city of Cambridge.

Drawing on its links with the University, the Cambridge area today is sometimes referred to as Silicon Fen, due to the growth of high tech businesses and technology incubators that have sprung up in the series of science parks and other developments in and around the city. Silicon Fen (sometimes the Cambridge Cluster) is the name given to the region around Cambridge, England, which is home to a large cluster of Business incubators are programs designed to accelerate the successful development of Entrepreneurial companies through an array of business support resources and services developed A science park is a property development designed for a concentration of High tech, Science, or Research related Businesses The definition Such companies include CSR, world leader in Bluetooth chips, Acorn Computers (now ARM) and Sinclair. CSR ( or Cambridge Silicon Radio, is a company based in Cambridge, England whose main product line is a single-chip implementation of the Bluetooth Bluetooth is a wireless protocol utilizing short-range communications technology facilitating data transmission over short distances from fixed and/or mobile devices creating wireless Acorn Computers was a British Computer company established in Cambridge, England, in 1978 Sinclair Research Ltd is a consumer electronics company founded by Sir Clive Sinclair in Cambridge, England (originally as Sinclair Radionics in 1961 to Cambridge was also the home of Pye Limited famous in the last century for early wireless and TV sets. This article is about the electronics company Pye Ltd. For other uses of Pye see Pye (disambiguation. In later years Pye evolved into several other companies including Pye Telecommunications (now Sepura, famous for TETRA radio equipment). Sepura plc is the only major network-independent TETRA ( Terrestrial Trunked Radio) terminal supplier "TETRA" redirects here For other uses see Tetra (disambiguation TErrestrial Trunked RAdio ( TETRA) (formerly known as Another major business is Marshall Aerospace located on the eastern edge of the city. The Marshall companies have been internationally associated with aerospace engineering for over ninety years Such businesses and their early stage precursors are well networked within the Cambridge Network. The Cambridge Network is a networking organization for business people and academics working in technology fields in the Cambridge area (sometimes called Silicon Fen

The University was joined by the larger part of Anglia Ruskin University, and the educational reputation has led to other bodies (such as the Open University in East Anglia) basing themselves in the city. Anglia Ruskin University, formerly Anglia Polytechnic, is a University in England, with campuses in Cambridge and Chelmsford. Open University is also the name of other institutions See Distance education or the Open Universities category for a list

Governance

Local government

See also: Cambridge local elections

Cambridge is a non-metropolitan district served by a city council. One third of Cambridge City Council is elected each year followed by one year without election Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. Activities The council provides various facilities and services within the city The city council's headquarters are in the Guildhall [3], an imposing building in the market square. Cambridge is also served by Cambridgeshire County Council. History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate

For electoral purposes the city is divided into the following wards: Abbey, Arbury, Castle, Cherry Hinton, Coleridge, East Chesterton, King's Hedges, Market, Newnham, Petersfield, Queen Edith's, Romsey, Trumpington and West Chesterton. Arbury is a district and electoral ward of the city of Cambridge, England. Cherry Hinton is a village in Cambridgeshire, England. It is within the City of Cambridge local government district four miles south east of Cambridge King's Hedges is an electoral ward in the north of the city of Cambridge. Newnham is a district of the city of Cambridge in England. Historically the name refers to a hamlet centred on a mill on the River Cam Trumpington is a village within the city of Cambridge, UK, of which it is a suburb

The political composition [4] of the city wards of the county council after the May 2005 elections was:

The political composition of the city council after the May 2008 elections was:

The Liberal Democrats have controlled the city council since 2000. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the

Westminster

The parliamentary constituency of Cambridge covers most of the city. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Cambridge is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. David Howarth (Liberal Democrat) was elected Member of Parliament (MP) at the 2005 general election, winning the seat from the sitting MP, Labour's Anne Campbell. David Ross Howarth (born 10 November 1958 is a British Liberal Democrat politician and Member of Parliament (MP for Cambridge since 2005 The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Anne Campbell (born 6 April 1940 is an English politician She was the Labour Member of Parliament (MP for Cambridge from 1992 to 2005 Some areas, however — corresponding largely to the Queen Edith's and Trumpington wards[5] — lie in the South Cambridgeshire constituency, whose MP is Andrew Lansley (Conservative), first elected in 1997. South Cambridgeshire is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Andrew David Lansley, CBE, (born 11 December 1956 is a politician in the United Kingdom. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Results The election was fought under new boundaries with a net increase of eight seats compared to the 1992 election The city had previously elected a Labour MP from 1992 to 2005 and prior to this, usually elected a Conservative after the Second World War. However, the Conservatives came third in the last General Election and have seen their share of the vote fall over the past 20 years.

The University used to have a seat in the House of Commons, Sir Isaac Newton being one of the most notable holders. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements The Cambridge University constituency was abolished under 1948 legislation, and ceased at the dissolution of Parliament for the 1950 general election, along with the other university constituencies. Cambridge University was a University constituency electing two members to the British House of Commons, from 1603 to 1950 Results |} Total votes cast 28771124 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Votes summary Seats summary A university constituency is a Constituency, used in elections to a Legislature, that represents a University rather than a geographical area

Transport

Roads

Because of its rapid growth since the twentieth century, Cambridge has a congested road network. Several major roads intersect at Cambridge. The M11 motorway from east London terminates here. This page is about the M11 motorway in England For the M11 motorway in the Republic of Ireland see N11 road. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The A14 (formerly A604 and A45) east–west trunk route skirts the northern edge of the city. This is a major freight route connecting the port of Felixstowe on the east coast with the Midlands, North Wales, the west coast and Ireland. Felixstowe is a seaside town on the North Sea coast of Suffolk, England. This article is mainly about the English Midlands For other uses see Midlands (disambiguation. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The A14 is often congested, particularly the section between Huntingdon and Cambridge where the east–west traffic is merged with the A1 to M11 north–south traffic on a 2-lane dual carriageway. Huntingdon is a town in the county of Cambridgeshire in East Anglia, England. This page is about the M11 motorway in England For the M11 motorway in the Republic of Ireland see N11 road. The A10, a former Roman road from north London, passes round the city on its way to Ely and King's Lynn. The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Ely (, rhyming with "freely" is a Cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. King's Lynn is a town and Port in Norfolk, England. Over the years the town has been known variously as Bishop's Lynn and Lynn Regis Other roads connect the city with Bedford, St Neots, Newmarket and Colchester. Bedford is the County town of Bedfordshire, England. It is a large town and the administrative centre for the Bedford borough St Neots is a town of about 29000 people on the River Great Ouse. Colchester ( /ˈkəʊltʃɛstə/ is a town and the largest settlement within the borough of Colchester, in Essex, England.

The city has a ring road about 2 km in diameter, inside which there are traffic restrictions which have successfully improved conditions for pedestrians, cyclists and bus users, and reduced congestion. It has a well developed bus service including five Park and Ride sites encouraging motorists to park near the city's edge. Park and ride (or incentive parking) facilities are Public transport stations that allow commuters and other people wishing to travel into

Rail

The front of Cambridge Station
The front of Cambridge Station

Cambridge railway station was built in 1845 with a platform designed to take two full-length trains, one of the longest in the country. Cambridge railway station is a Railway station serving the city of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England. Cambridge railway station is a Railway station serving the city of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England. Cambridge has direct rail links to King's Cross (via Hitchin and the East Coast Main Line) and Liverpool Street (via the West Anglia Main Line) stations in London. King's Cross station is a major railway terminus opened in 1852 Hitchin is a town in Hertfordshire, England, and has an estimated population of 30360 The East Coast Main Line ( ECML) is the electrified high-speed railway link between London and Edinburgh connecting Yorkshire, North East Liverpool Street station, also called London Liverpool Street, is a major railway station and connected London Underground station in the north eastern The West Anglia Main Line is one of the two main lines which run from London Liverpool Street, the other being the Great Eastern Main Line. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. There is a direct shuttle service to London King's Cross every half hour during off peak hours, taking only 45 minutes to reach London. Peak hour trains to Kings Cross all have additional stops, and take between 55 and 65 minutes. It is also linked to King's Lynn and Ely (via the Fen Line), Norwich (via the Breckland Line), Leicester, Birmingham, Ipswich and as well as London Stansted Airport. King's Lynn is a town and Port in Norfolk, England. Over the years the town has been known variously as Bishop's Lynn and Lynn Regis Ely (, rhyming with "freely" is a Cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. The Fen Line (sometimes Fenline without the space runs from Cambridge in Cambridgeshire to King's Lynn, Norfolk. History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Ipswich ( ˈɪpswɪtʃ is a Non-metropolitan district and the County town of Suffolk, England on the Estuary of the River Orwell London Stansted Airport is a passenger Airport located in the Uttlesford District of the English County of Essex about 38 miles (61 The important UK rail hub of Peterborough is also within reach of Cambridge. History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene The railway service connecting Cambridge and Oxford, known as the Varsity Line, was discontinued in 1968. Varsity Line (or Oxford to Cambridge Line) is an informal name for the Railway service which formerly linked the English university cities of Oxford

Air

Cambridge City Airport is owned by Marshall Aerospace. Cambridge Airport is a small regional Airport located in south-eastern England, near the village of Teversham, 1 The Marshall companies have been internationally associated with aerospace engineering for over ninety years The runway can accommodate an unladen Boeing 747 or MD-11, but there is no regular scheduled service, though Suckling Airways used to make scheduled flights to Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, and it is mostly used by business and leisure flights. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ScotAirways is a UK Airline based in Dundee, Scotland for administration and at Cambridge airport for operations Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the Netherlands ' main Airport, located 20 minutes (17 In 2004 a charter service to Jersey was operated by Aurigny Air Services using Saab 340 turboprop aircraft. A charter airline, also sometimes referred to as an Air taxi, operates Aircraft on a charter basis that is flights that take place outside normal schedules by a The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. Aurigny Air Services Limited is an Airline based in Guernsey, Channel Islands, and wholly owned by the States of Guernsey. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A turboprop engine is a type of aircraft powerplant that uses a Gas turbine engine to drive a Propeller. A dealer in fibreglass-moulded light monoplanes is also based here. Glass-reinforced plastic ( GRP) is a Composite material or Fiber-reinforced plastic made of a Plastic reinforced by fine fibers Removal of Marshalls to a site away from the city, with development of the airport site for housing, is a possibility over the next 5-10 years.

The London airports at Luton and Stansted, are both within 30 miles (50 km) of Cambridge. London Luton Airport (previously called Luton International Airport) is an International airport located on the edge of the Town of Luton London Stansted Airport is a passenger Airport located in the Uttlesford District of the English County of Essex about 38 miles (61

Cycling

As a university town lying on fairly flat ground and with traffic congestion, Cambridge has a large number of cyclists. Many residents also prefer cycling to driving in the narrow, busy streets, giving the city the highest level of cycle use in the UK. [6] According to the 2001 census, 25% of residents travelled to work by cycle. A few roads within the city are adapted for cycling, including separate traffic lights for cycle lanes and cycle contraflows on streets which are otherwise one-way; the city also benefits from parks which have shared use paths. There are, however, no separate cycle paths within the city centre. Despite the high levels of cycling, expenditure on cycling infrastructure is around the national average of 0. 3% of the transport budget. There are a few cycle routes in the surrounding countryside and the city is now linked to the National Cycle Network. The National Cycle Network is a network of cycle routes in the United Kingdom. The main organisation campaigning to improve conditions for cyclists in Cambridge is the Cambridge Cycling Campaign. [7]

Bike theft in the city is a problem, with over 3000 bicycles reported stolen between April 2005 and March 2006. The actual number is believed to be higher as many thefts are not reported to the police. [8]

Park and ride

There are five park and ride sites in Cambridge, three of which (in Trumpington, Madingley Road and Newmarket Road) operate 7 days a week. Park and ride (or incentive parking) facilities are Public transport stations that allow commuters and other people wishing to travel into [9]

Guided bus

Cambridgeshire Guided Busway, set to be the world's longest guided busway, is under construction and will pass through Cambridge. The Cambridgeshire Guided Busway is a Guided bus system under construction in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. Guided buses are Buses steered for part or all of their route by external means usually on a dedicated track. [10] It will run on the road from Huntingdon to St Ives, then along a disused railway line to north Cambridge, where it rejoins the road, to the city's railway station from where it will be guided to Addenbrooke's Hospital and Trumpington. Huntingdon is a town in the county of Cambridgeshire in East Anglia, England. St Ives is a Market town in Cambridgeshire, England, around 24 km north-west of the city of Cambridge and 110 km Cambridge railway station is a Railway station serving the city of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire, England. Addenbrooke's Hospital is a large Teaching hospital in Cambridge, England, with strong links to the University of Cambridge. Trumpington is a village within the city of Cambridge, UK, of which it is a suburb [11] The scheme is budgeted at £116. See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the 2 million is scheduled to open in early 2009. [12] The scheme has been heavily criticised by campaigners who believe that the route would be better served by a rail link. [13]

Sport

Punting on the River Cam is a popular recreation in Cambridge
Punting on the River Cam is a popular recreation in Cambridge

Football

Cambridge played a unique role in the invention of modern football as the game's first set of rules were drawn up by members of the university in 1848. This article concentrates on the history and development of punts and punting in England for other usages see Norfolk punt and the general disambiguation pages at Punt Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Cambridge Rules were first played in Parker's Piece and had a "defining influence on the 1863 Football Association rules. The Cambridge Rules were a code of football rules first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848 by a committee that included H Parker's Piece is a perfectly flat and very roughly square green common located near the centre of Cambridge, England. The Football Association, also known as simply The FA, is the governing body of football in England and the Crown Dependencies of Jersey "[14].

The city is home to Cambridge United F.C., who played in the Football League at the Abbey Stadium from 1970 to 2005, when they were relegated to Conference National. Cambridge United Football Club is a professional football club from Cambridge, England. This is a list of football clubs located in England and the leagues and divisions they play in (though note that not all play in the English football league system The Abbey Stadium, known as The Trade Recruitment Stadium for sponsorship reasons is a football Stadium in Cambridge, England Conference National (currently named the Blue Square Premier for sponsorship reasons is the top division of the Football Conference. When relegation became inevitable the club was placed in administration with substantial debts, but it emerged from administration in time for the 2005–06 season. Administration is a procedure under the Insolvency laws of a number of Common law jurisdictions which functions as a rescue mechanism for insolvent companies The club's biggest success came in the early 1990s, with two successive promotions, two successive FA Cup quarter-final appearances, a run to the Football League Cup quarter-finals, and reaching the brink of promotion to the new Premier League. The Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly known as the FA Cup, is a knockout cup competition in English football, run by and named after The Football League Cup, commonly known as the League Cup, is an English football competition The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs

The city's other football club Cambridge City F.C. play in the Conference South at the City Ground in Chesterton. Cambridge City Football Club is an English football club currently playing in the Southern League Premier Division. Conference South (currently billed as Blue Square South for sponsorship reasons is one of the second divisions of the Football Conference in England, taking The City Ground (also known as Milton Road) is a football stadium in Cambridge, England. Chesterton is a suburb in the northeast corner of Cambridge, England. Histon, just north of Cambridge, is home to Conference National side Histon. Histon and Impington are villages in Cambridgeshire, England, They are situated just north of Cambridge with the main bulk of the settlements being Conference National (currently named the Blue Square Premier for sponsorship reasons is the top division of the Football Conference. Histon Football Club is an English football club based in the twin villages of Histon and Impington, approximately north of Cambridge,

Rugby

Cambridge's most successful sports team over recent years is its rugby union club. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Cambridge Rugby Union Football Club or CRUFC is the Rugby union club representing the city of Cambridge, England After three successive promotions they managed to survive their debut season in National Division Two 2006/07. National Division Two is the third level of domestic Rugby union competition in England The club's home ground is at West Renault Park on Granchester Road in the south west corner of the city. West Renault Park is the home ground of Cambridge Rugby Union Football Club situated on Granchester Road in the south west of the city it is named after the club's main Cambridge Eagles rugby league team play in the National Conference League East Section during the summer months, often drawing on rugby union players keen to continue playing rugby throughout the year. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games

Other sports

As well as being the home of the Cambridge Rules, Parker's Piece played an important part in the playing career of W. G. Grace. The Cambridge Rules were a code of football rules first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848 by a committee that included H Parker's Piece is a perfectly flat and very roughly square green common located near the centre of Cambridge, England. William Gilbert Grace ( 18 July 1848 – 23 October 1915) was an English Cricketer who by his extraordinary skills made Cambridge is also home to two Real Tennis courts out of just 42 in the world at Cambridge University Real Tennis Club. Real tennis is the original racquet sport from which the modern game of lawn tennis or Tennis, is descended [15] British American Football League club Cambridgeshire Cats play at Coldham's Common. British American Football League (BAFL is the United Kingdom 's primary American Football league The Cambridgeshire Cats are an American football team competing in the Eastern Conference of British American Football League (BAFL Division 2 with their home

Motorcycle speedway racing took place at the Greyhound Stadium in Newmarket Road in 1939. It is not known if this venue operated in other years. The team raced as Newmarket as the meetings were organised by the Newmarket Motorcycle Club.

The City Council hosts details of Local Sports Clubs. [16]

Varsity sports

Cambridge is also known for its university sporting events against Oxford, especially the rugby union Varsity Match and the Boat Race. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the The Varsity Match is an annual Rugby union fixture played between the universities of Oxford and Cambridge in England. The Boat Race, also known as the University Boat Race and The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, is a rowing race in England between the Oxford University These are followed by people across the globe, many of whom have no connection to the institutions themselves.

Health

Addenbrooke's Hospital
Addenbrooke's Hospital

Cambridge is well served by medical care, with several smaller medical centres dotted around the city, along with Addenbrooke's Hospital a learning and teaching hospital and one of the largest in the United Kingdom, also functioning as a centre for medical research. Addenbrooke's Hospital is a large Teaching hospital in Cambridge, England, with strong links to the University of Cambridge. Addenbrooke's Hospital is a large Teaching hospital in Cambridge, England, with strong links to the University of Cambridge. A teaching hospital is a Hospital that in addition to delivering medical care to patients also provides Clinical education and training to future and current doctors Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) in general simply known as medical research, is the Basic research or Applied research conducted

Population

In the 2001 Census (held during University term), 89. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001 44% of Cambridge residents identified themselves as white, compared with a national average of 92. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. 12%. [17] Within the University, 84% of undergraduates and 80% of post-graduates identify as white (including overseas students). [18]

Cambridge has a much higher than average proportion of people in the highest paid professional, managerial or administrative jobs (32. 6% vs. 23. 5%)[19] and a much lower than average proportion of manual workers (27. 6% vs. 40. 2%). [20] In addition, a much higher than average proportion of people have a high level qualification (e. g. degree, HND, qualified doctor), (41. 2% vs. 19. 9%). [21]

Religion

Great St Mary's Church marks the centre of Cambridge, whilst the Senate House on the left is the centre of the University. Gonville and Caius College is in the background.
Great St Mary's Church marks the centre of Cambridge, whilst the Senate House on the left is the centre of the University. St Mary the Great is a Church of England church in Cambridge, known locally as Great St Mary's or simply GSM. The Senate House of the University of Cambridge in the centre of the city is used mainly for degree ceremonies and formerly for meetings of the Council of the Senate Gonville and Caius College is in the background. Gonville and Caius College Cambridge is a constituent College of Cambridge University, one of the world's most academically respected institutions

Cambridge has an active Christian population and many churches, some of which form a significant part of the city's architectural landscape.

A Cambridge-based family and youth organisation, Romsey Mill, had its centre re-dedicated in 2007 by the Archbishop of York, and is quoted as an example of best practice in a study[22] into social inclusion by the East of England Regional Assembly. The Romsey Mill is a youth and Community centre located in Romsey Town, Cambridge, England. The Archbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The East of England Regional Assembly is the regional assembly for the East of England region of the United Kingdom.

Cambridge falls into the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia.

University

Great St Mary's Church has the status of being the "University Church". St Mary the Great is a Church of England church in Cambridge, known locally as Great St Mary's or simply GSM. Many of the University colleges contain chapels that hold services according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England, while the chapel of St Edmund's College is Roman Catholic. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Saint Edmund's College is a college of the University of Cambridge. There is a mosque used by Muslim residents and students, an Orthodox synagogue (belonging to the university Jewish Society) and the Beth Shalom Reform synagogue.

The city also has a number of theological colleges for training clergy for ordination into a number of denominations, with affiliations to both the University of Cambridge and Anglia Ruskin University. The In general religious use ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is set apart as Clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies

Cambridge in fiction

Music

Popular music

Most notable of the bands that formed in Cambridge are Pink Floyd, the band's former songwriter guitarist and vocalist Syd Barrett was born and lived in the city. Pink Floyd are Syd Barrett (born Roger Keith Barrett; 6 January 1946 - 7 July 2006 was an English singer songwriter guitarist and artist He and other founder member Roger Waters went to school together at Cambridgeshire High School for Boys and David Gilmour was also a Cambridge resident and attended the nearby Perse School. George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943 in Great Bookham, Surrey) is an English rock musician The Cambridgeshire High School for Boys was founded as the Cambridge and County School for Boys in 1900 David Jon Gilmour CBE (born 6 March 1946 is an English Musician, best known as the Lead guitarist one of the lead Singers Other bands who formed in Cambridge include Henry Cow, Katrina and the Waves, The Soft Boys, Ezio and The Broken Family Band. Henry Cow were an English Avant-garde rock group, founded at Cambridge University in 1968 by multi-instrumentalists Fred Katrina and the Waves were a Pop rock band of the 1980s, best known for their 1985 hit " Walking on Sunshine " and their 1997 Eurovision The Soft Boys were an influential Post-Punk / Neo-psychedelia band from Cambridge England often associated with the early Punk rock movement The Broken Family Band are a British rock band from Cambridge and London. Solo artists Boo Hewerdine and Robyn Hitchcock are from Cambridge, as are Drum and bass artists (and brothers) Nu:Tone and Logistics. Boo Hewerdine (b 1961 London) is an English Singer-songwriter. Robyn Rowan Hitchcock (born March 3, 1953) is an English Singer-songwriter and guitarist NuTone (real name Dan Gresham) is a drum and bass artist on the Hospital Records label Logistics is the stage name of Matt Gresham, a Drum and bass Music producer and DJ from Cambridge, England. Singer-songwriter Nick Drake and Manchester music mogul Tony Wilson, the founder of Factory Records, were both educated at the University of Cambridge. Nicholas Rodney Drake (19 June 1948 – 25 November 1974 was an English Singer-songwriter and Musician best known for his acoustic autumnal songs Anthony Howard Wilson (20 February 1950 &ndash 10 August 2007 was an English Record label owner radio presenter TV show host Nightclub manager Impresario Factory Records was a Manchester based British Independent record label, started in 1978, which featured several prominent musical acts on its Also, Matthew Bellamy, lead singer of rock band Muse was born in the city. Matthew James Bellamy (born 9 June, 1978) is the main Songwriter and Lead vocalist, Guitarist and Pianist in Muse are

Festivals and events

Other information

Cambridge is twinned with:

See also

Panoramic photo gallery

Trinity Street
Trinity Street
King's Parade
King's Parade
Silver Street
Silver Street
Quayside
Quayside
View looking over North-West Cambridge from the top of the Lion Yard car park
View looking over North-West Cambridge from the top of the Lion Yard car park

References

  1. ^ Resident Population Estimates by Ethnic Group (Percentages). Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Szeged ( (approximate pronunciation Seg-ed (known also by alternative names) is the fourth largest City of Hungary, the Regional centre Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The following is a list and brief history of the Bridges in Cambridge, England, principally those over the River Cam. Parker's Piece is a perfectly flat and very roughly square green common located near the centre of Cambridge, England. Newnham is a district of the city of Cambridge in England. Historically the name refers to a hamlet centred on a mill on the River Cam History Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlement in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate The Cambridge News (also known as the CEN or locally as simply the News, and formally the Cambridge Evening News) is a British daily The Cambridge Network is a networking organization for business people and academics working in technology fields in the Cambridge area (sometimes called Silicon Fen The followed Museums are in Cambridge, England: Cambridge & County Folk Museum — Local life The Gog Magog Downs (also known as the Gog Magog Hills or simply the Gogs) are a range of low Chalk hills extending for several miles to the southeast National Statistics.
  2. ^ The Index
  3. ^ Cambridge City Council: Council buildings information: Guildhall information
  4. ^ Cambridge City Council: Elections
  5. ^ Election maps - Ordnance Survey
  6. ^ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/SearchRes.asp?term=KS15&btnSubmit=Search UK Census 2001
  7. ^ Cambridge Cycling Campaign
  8. ^ Raids 'shockwave' for bicycle theft gangs. Cambridge Evening News (27 July 2006). Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^ http://www.parkandride.net/cambridge/cambridge_frameset.shtml Cambridge sites at the National Park and Ride Directory
  10. ^ [1] Secretary Of State Celebrates Start Of Works On Guided Busway
  11. ^ [2] Cambridgeshire Guided Busway
  12. ^ [3] Guided Busway leaflet
  13. ^ BBC Action Network Cambridge’s guided bus plans
  14. ^ Cambridge… the birthplace of football?!. bbc. co. uk.
  15. ^ Cambridge University Real Tennis Club
  16. ^ Cambridge City Council: Young people: Find a Sports Club
  17. ^ Office For National Statistics 2001 Census (Ethnic group, Cambridge local authority)
  18. ^ Univeristy of Cambridge Fact Sheet: Ethnicity, retrieved 17 January 2008
  19. ^ ONS 2001 Census (Approximated Social Grade - Workplace Population, Cambridge local authority)
  20. ^ Ibid.
  21. ^ ONS 2001 Census (Qualifications, Cambridge local authority)
  22. ^ EERA social inclusion policy, ch. 3
  23. ^ Graham Chainey (1985, 1995). A Literary History of Cambridge. ISBN 0-907115-25-X.  
  24. ^ Martin Garrett (2004). Cambridge: a Cultural and Literary History. ISBN 1-902669-79-7.  
  25. ^ http://www.cambridgebeerfestival.com/summer/images/34th_poster.png

External links

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Dictionary

Cambridge

-proper noun

  1. A city in England famous for its university.
  2. Cambridge University.
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