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| Career | .svg/52px-Conf_Navy_Jack_(light_blue).svg.png){kind=small} |
|---|---|
| Name: | CSS Shenandoah |
| Launched: | August 1863 |
| Acquired: | 1864 |
| Commissioned: | October 19, 1864 |
| Decommissioned: | November 6, 1865 |
| Fate: | Turned over to British authorities and sold at auction on authority of the US consulate |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 1160 tons |
| Length: | 230 ft (70 m) |
| Beam: | 32 ft (9. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year 8 m) |
| Draft: | 20 ft 6 in (6. 2 m) |
| Propulsion: | Sails and steam engine |
| Speed: | 9 knots (17 km/h) under steam |
| Complement: | 109 officers and men |
| Armament: | 4 × 8 in (203 mm) smoothbore cannons, 2 × 32 pounder (15 kg) rifled cannons, 2 × 12 pounder (5 kg) cannons |
The CSS Shenandoah, formerly Sea King, was an iron-framed, teak-planked, full-rigged vessel with auxiliary steam power, under Captain James Waddell, CSN, a North Carolinian with twenty years' service in the Federal navy. James Iredell Waddell ( July 3, 1824 &ndash March 15, 1886) was an officer in the United States Navy and later in the Confederate The Confederate States Navy ( CSN) was the naval branch of the Confederate States Armed forces established by an act of the Confederate Congress The Shenandoah fired the last shot of the American Civil War, in waters off the Aleutian Islands. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Aleutian Islands (possibly from Chukchi aliat, " Island " are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming a Volcanic
Contents |
History and Mission
She was designed as a British transport for troops to the East, and was built on the River Clyde, Scotland, but the Confederate Government purchased her in 1864 for use as an armed cruiser. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year A cruiser is a large type of Warship, which had its prime period from the late 19th century to the end of the Cold War. On October 8, she sailed from London ostensibly for Bombay, India, on a trading voyage. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country She rendezvoused at Funchal, Madeira, with the steamer Laurel, bearing officers and the nucleus of a crew for Sea King, together with naval guns, ammunition, and stores. Churches and Parishes Imaculado Coração de Maria Monte Santa Luzia Santa Maria Maior History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the Commanding Officer Lieutenant James Iredell Waddell supervised her conversion to a ship-of-war in nearby waters. Waddell was barely able, however, to bring his crew to half strength even with additional volunteers from Sea King and Laurel. The new cruiser was commissioned on October 18 and her name changed to Shenandoah. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid
In accord with operation concepts originated in the Confederate Navy Department and developed by its agents in Europe, Shenandoah was assigned to "seek out and utterly destroy" commerce in areas as yet undisturbed, and thereafter her course lay in pursuit of merchantmen on the Cape of Good Hope–Australia route and of the Pacific whaling fleet. The Cape of Good Hope ( Afrikaans: Kaap die Goeie Hoop, Kaap de Goede Hoop Cabo da Boa Esperança Persian Language: دماغه امید نیک For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Whaling is the hunting of Whales and dates back to at least 6000 BC En route to the Cape she picked up six prizes. Five of these were put to the torch or scuttled, after Capt. Waddell had safely rescued crew and passengers; the other was bonded and employed for transport of prisoners to Bahia, Brazil. Salvador (historic name São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, in English "Holy Savior of All Saints' Bay" is a City on the northeast coast of |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Still short-handed, though her crew had been increased by voluntary enlistments from prizes, Shenandoah arrived at Melbourne, Australia, on January 25, 1865, where she filled her complement and her storerooms, she also took on 42 crew who were stowaways from Melbourne. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year However, they were not enlisted until the ship was outside the legal limits of Australian waters. The Shipping Articles show that all these 42 crew enlisted on the day of her departure from Melbourne, February 18, 1865. Nineteen of her crew deserted at Melbourne, some of whom gave statements of their service to the United States Consul there.
Shenandoah had taken but a single prize in the Indian Ocean, but hunting became more profitable as she approached the whaling grounds. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface Waddell burned four whalers in the Caroline Islands and another off the Kurile Islands, without loss of life. The Caroline Islands form a large Archipelago of widely scattered islands in the western Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Guinea. The Kuril Islands (ˈkʊrɪl or /ˈkjuˈriˈl/ Кури́льские острова́ əstrʌˈva ru-Latn ''Kuril'skie ostrova'' or Kurile Islands in Russia After a 3-week cruise in the ice and fog of the Sea of Okhotsk failed to yield a single prize, due to a warning which had preceded him, Waddell headed north past the Aleutian Islands into the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. The Sea of Okhotsk ( Russian: Охо́тское мо́ре English Transliteration: Okhotskoye More) is a part of the western Pacific Ocean, The Aleutian Islands (possibly from Chukchi aliat, " Island " are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming a Volcanic The Bering (or Imarpik) Sea is a body of water in the Pacific Ocean that comprises a deep water basin (the Aleutian Basin) which rises through The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major On June 23, he learned from a prize of General Robert E. Lee's surrender and the flight from Richmond, Virginia of the Confederate Government 10 weeks previously. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Nevertheless, he elected to continue hostilities, and captured 21 more prizes, the last 11 being taken in the space of 7 hours in the waters just below the Arctic Circle. The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth.
Surrender of the CSS Shenandoah
Waddell then ran south to intercept commerce bound from the West Coast to the Far East and Latin America, and on 2 August received intelligence from a British bark of the American Civil War's termination some 4 months before. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States The Far East is a term often used by people in the Western world to refer to the countries of East Asia. A barque, barc, or bark is a type of sailing vessel History of the term The word barc appears to have come from Celtic languages Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Immediately Shenandoah underwent physical alteration. She was dismantled as a man-of-war; her battery was dismounted and struck below, and her hull repainted to resemble an ordinary merchant vessel.
The Captain of HMS Donegal took the last surrender of the American Civil War on 6 November 1865 when the CSS Shenandoah under Captain Waddell surrendered after travelling 9,000 miles (14,500 km) to Liverpool to do so, who then turned her over to the United States. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The United States of America —commonly referred to as the . The Shenandoah had originally been in the Pacific Ocean when news reached her of the end of the Civil War, necessitating such a long voyage. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions [1]
Conclusions
Shenandoah had remained at sea for 12 months and 17 days, had traversed 58,000 miles (carrying the Confederate flag around the globe for the first and only time) and sunk or captured 38 ships, mostly whalers. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification Waddell took close to a thousand prisoners, without a single war casualty among his crew: two men died of diseases. The reason the vessel did not have any war casualties was because it was never involved in a battle against any Union Naval vessel, as was the CSS Alabama, but instead took unarmed United States merchant vessels. History Construction Alabama was built in secrecy by British shipbuilders John Laird Sons and Company in Liverpool, Merseyside
Battle Ensign
The Battle ensign of the CSS Shenandoah is unique amongst all of the flags of the Confederate States of America in that it was the only Confederate flag to circumnavigate the Earth, and that it was the last Confederate flag to be lowered by a combatant unit in the Civil War (Liverpool, UK on 6 November 1865). A battle ensign is the name given to a large War flag which is flown on a Warship 's mast just before going into battle Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The flag is on display at the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond, Virginia. The Museum of the Confederacy is located in Richmond Virginia. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
The battle ensign has been in the Museum of the Confederacy’s collection since 1907. Lt. Dabney Scales CSN, gave the flag to a cousin - Eliza Hull Maury - for safekeeping. Col. Richard L. Maury CSA, Eliza’s brother, brought the flag from England in 1873, and donated it to the Museum in 1907. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The flag itself measures 88” x 136. ” (source: Robert F. Hancock, Director of Collections & Senior Curator, The Museum of the Confederacy)
References
Further reading
- Lynn Schooler, 2005. "The Last Shot: The Incredible Story of the CSS Shenandoah and the True Conclusion of the Civil War" (HarperCollins).
- Tom Chaffin, 2006. "Sea of Gray: The Around-the-World Odyssey of the Confederate Raider Shenandoah" (Hill and Wang/Farrar, Straus and Giroux).
- John Baldwin and Robert Powers, 2007. "Last Flag Down: The Epic Story of the Last Confederate Warship" (Crown Publishers/Random HouseInc. )
See also
External links
This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. History Construction Alabama was built in secrecy by British shipbuilders John Laird Sons and Company in Liverpool, Merseyside The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships ( DANFS for short is the primary reference work for the basic facts about every Ship ever used
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