The C0 and C1 control code sets define control codes for use in text. In Computing and Telecommunication, a control character or non-printing character is a Code point (a Number) in a C0, originally defined in ISO 646, defines codes in the range 00_HEX–1F_HEX. ISO 646 is an ISO standard that since 1972 has specified a 7- Bit character code from which several national standards are derived In Mathematics and Computer science, hexadecimal (also base -, hexa, or hex) is a Numeral system with a C1, originally defined in ISO 6429, defines codes in the range 80_HEX–9F_HEX. Control character article i need to think about merging these The C0 codes are contained in ASCII and most encodings based on it. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) The C1 codes are used in conjunction with the ISO/IEC 8859 series of graphical character sets among others, and are integrated into Unicode, but rarely used directly, except on specific platforms such as OpenVMS. ISO/IEC 8859 is a joint ISO and IEC standard for 8-bit Character encodings for use by computers In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Open Virtual Memory System ( OpenVMS) initially known just as Virtual Memory System ( VMS) is the name of a High-end Computer server When they turn up in documents, Web pages, e-mail messages, etc. , which are ostensibly in an ISO-8859-n encoding, their code positions generally actually refer to the characters at that position in a proprietary, system-specific encoding such as Windows-1252 or the Apple Macintosh ("MacRoman") character set, though this is technically invalid under the ISO encodings. Windows-1252 (also known as WinLatin1) is a Character encoding of the Latin alphabet, used by default in the legacy components of Microsoft Windows Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc Mac OS Roman is a Character encoding primarily used by Mac OS to represent text Such characters are more commonly accessed using the equivalent two octet escape sequence.

Most applications only interpret the C0 control codes for LF, CR, and HT. A few applications also interpret C0 codes VT and FF, and the C1 code NEL. Very few applications interpret the other C0 and C1 control codes. See ANSI escape codes for details about CSI (Control Sequence Introducer, C1 control code 9B_HEX). ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on Text terminals In this context ANSI refers to the ANSI X3

Contents 1 C0 (ASCII and derivatives) 2 C1 (ISO 8859 and Unicode) 3 References

C0 (ASCII and derivatives)

These are the standard ASCII control codes. If using the ISO/IEC 2022 extension mechanism, they are designated as the active C0 control character set with the octet sequence 0x1B 0x21 0x40 (ESC ! @). ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022 "Information Technology—Character code structure and extension techniques" is an ISO standard (equivalent to the

Seq	Dec	Hex	Acro	Name	C	Description
^@	00	00	NUL	Null	\0	Originally used to allow gaps to be left on paper tape for edits. Caret notation is a notation for unprintable Control characters in ASCII encoding. The null character (also null terminator) is a character with the value zero present in the ASCII and Unicode character sets and available Later used for padding after a code that might take a terminal some time to process (e. g. a carriage return or line feed on a printing terminal). Now often used as a string terminator, especially in the C programming language. tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured
^A	01	01	SOH	Start of Heading		First character of a message heading. In some computer terminals, moves cursor to the first column.
^B	02	02	STX	Start of Text		First character of message text, and may be used to terminate the message heading.
^C	03	03	ETX	End of Text		Often used as a "break" character (Ctrl-C) to interrupt or terminate a program or process. The End Of Text character (ETX is an ASCII Control character used to inform the receiving computer that the end of the data stream has been reached In TOPS-20, it was used to gain the system's attention before logging in. The TOPS-20 Operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC was the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10.
^D	04	04	EOT	End of Transmission		Used on Unix to signal end-of-file condition on, or to logout from, a terminal. In Telecommunication, an end-of-transmission character (EOT is a transmission Control character used to indicate the conclusion of a transmission that Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX, sometimes also written as Unix with Small caps) is a computer On Apple II systems, it signaled that a DOS command followed.
^E	05	05	ENQ	Enquiry		Signal intended to trigger a response at the receiving end, to see if it is still present. In some computer terminals and EMACS , moves the cursor to the end of current line. Emacs is a class of feature-rich Text editors usually characterized by their extensibility
^F	06	06	ACK	Acknowledge		Response to an ENQ, or an indication of successful receipt of a message. For Teleprinters Acknowledge character (ACK is a transmission control character transmitted by the receiving station as an affirmative response to the sending station
^G	07	07	BEL	Bell	\a	Originally used to sound a bell on the terminal. Bell character is an ASCII Control character, code 7 (^G When it is sent to a printer or a terminal, nothing is printed but an A bell is a simple Sound -making device The bell is a Percussion instrument and an Idiophone. Later used for a beep on systems that didn't have a physical bell. May also quickly turn on and off inverse video (a visual bell). Reverse video (or invert video) is a computer display technique wherein the background and text colour values are swapped like
^H	08	08	BS	Backspace	\b	Move the cursor one position leftwards. Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the Typewriter carriage one position backwards and in modern computer displays moves the cursor one position backwards On input, this may delete the character to the left of the cursor.
^I	09	09	HT	Horizontal Tab	\t	Position to the next horizontal tab stop. In Astronomy, Geography, Geometry and related sciences and contexts a plane is said to be horizontal at a given point if it is locally Tab key (abbreviation of tabulator key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next Tab stop. A tab stop on a Typewriter is a location where the carriage movement is halted by mechanical gears
^J	10	0A	LF	Line Feed	\n	On typewriters, printers, and some terminal emulators, moves the cursor down one row without affecting its column position. In Computing, a newline (also known as a line break or end-of-line / EOL character is a special character or sequence of characters A typewriter is a mechanical or Electromechanical device with a set of "keys" that when pressed cause characters to be printed on a medium On Unix, used to mark end-of-line. In MS-DOS, Windows, and various network standards, used following CR as part of the end-of-line mark. MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft.
^K	11	0B	VT	Vertical Tab	\v	Position the form at the next vertical tab stop. Tab key (abbreviation of tabulator key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next Tab stop.
^L	12	0C	FF	Form Feed	\f	On printers, load the next page. A page break is a marker in an electronic Document, which tells the document interpreter that the contents which follows is part of a new page Treated as whitespace in many programming languages, and may be used to separate logical divisions in code. In some terminal emulators, it clears the screen.
^M	13	0D	CR	Carriage Return	\r	Originally used to move the cursor to column zero while staying on the same line. Originally carriage return was the term for the control character in Baudot code on a teletypewriter for end of line Return to beginning of line and On Mac OS (pre-Mac OS X), as well as in earlier systems such as the Apple II and Commodore 64, used to mark end-of-line. Mac OS is the trademarked name for a series of Graphical user interface -based Operating systems developed by Apple Inc Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently In MS-DOS, Windows, and various network standards, it is used preceding LF as part of the end-of-line mark. MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. The Enter or Return key on a keyboard will send this character, but it may be converted to a different end-of-line sequence by a terminal program.
^N	14	0E	SO	Shift Out		Switch to an alternate character set. Shift Out (SO and Shift In (SI are ASCII Control characters 14 and 15 respectively (0xE and 0xF
^O	15	0F	SI	Shift In		Return to regular character set after Shift Out. Shift Out (SO and Shift In (SI are ASCII Control characters 14 and 15 respectively (0xE and 0xF In TOPS-20, it signalled that further output should be discarded; the program would continue to run but not display or print anything until ^O is typed again. The TOPS-20 Operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC was the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10.
^P	16	10	DLE	Data Link Escape		Cause the following data to be interpreted as raw data, not control codes.
^Q	17	11	DC1	Device Control 1, XON		Resume transmission. Used for software flow control. In Computer networking, flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from over running a slow receiver In some terminal programs, ends pause started with Ctrl-S.
^R	18	12	DC2	Device Control 2		In TOPS-20, reprinted the current line, tidying up any character deletions. The TOPS-20 Operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC was the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10.
^S	19	13	DC3	Device Control 3, XOFF		Suspend transmission. Used for software flow control. In Computer networking, flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from over running a slow receiver In some terminal programs, pauses display of text.
^T	20	14	DC4	Device Control 4		In TOPS-20, it caused a brief system-status line to be displayed. The TOPS-20 Operating system by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC was the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10.
^U	21	15	NAK	Negative Acknowledge		Sent by a station as a negative response to the station with which the connection has been set up. In Telecommunications a negative-acknowledge character (NAK is a transmission Control character sent by a station as a negative Response In binary synchronous communication protocol, the NAK is used to indicate that an error was detected in the previously received block and that the receiver is ready to accept retransmission of that block. In multipoint systems, the NAK is used as the not-ready reply to a poll. In some text editors, it was used as a "Delete Line" character.
^V	22	16	SYN	Synchronous Idle		Used in synchronous transmission systems to provide a signal from which synchronous correction may be achieved between data terminal equipment, particularly when no other character is being transmitted. In some terminal programs, allows literal entry of control codes without them being interpreted.
^W	23	17	ETB	End of Transmission Block		Indicates the end of a transmission block of data when data are divided into such blocks for transmission purposes. In the C0 control code set used in ASCII, ETB is a short name for the "End Transmission Block" control character (code 23 or 0x17 In some text editors, it is used as a "Delete Word" character which rubs out the previous text entry back to the preceding space.
^X	24	18	CAN	Cancel		Indicates that the data with which it is associated are in error or are to be disregarded, or cannot be represented on a particular device. In Telecommunication, the term cancel character has the following meanings A precision Control character (In Unicode, the
^Y	25	19	EM	End of Medium
^Z	26	1A	SUB	Substitute		Originally intended for use as a transmission control character to indicate that garbled or invalid character had been received. Substitute character (␚ A control character that is used in the place of a character that is recognized to be invalid or in error or that cannot be represented on a given device It has often been put to use for other purposes when the in-band signaling of errors it provides is unneeded, especially where robust methods of error detection and correction are used, or where errors are expected to be rare enough to make using the character for other purposes advisable. See also Signalling (telecommunications In Telecommunications, in-band signaling is the sending of Metadata and control information in In Mathematics, Computer science, Telecommunication, and Information theory, error detection and correction has great practical importance in
^[	27	1B	ESC	Escape	\e	The ESC key on the keyboard will cause this character to be sent on most systems. In Computing and Telecommunication, an escape character is a single character which in a sequence of characters signifies that what is to follow takes an alternative It can be used in software user interfaces to exit from a screen, menu, or mode, or in device-control protocols (e. g. , printers and terminals) to signal that what follows is a special command sequence rather than normal text.
^\	28	1C	FS	File Separator		Can be used as delimiters to mark fields of data structures. Control character article i need to think about merging these If used for hierarchical levels, US is the lowest level (dividing plain-text data items), while RS, GS, and FS are of increasing level to divide groups made up of items of the level beneath it. The space character which follows in numerical order can be considered a lowest-level "word separator".
^]	29	1D	GS	Group Separator
^^	30	1E	RS	Record Separator
^_	31	1F	US	Unit Separator
^?	127	7F	DEL	Rubout/Delete		Not technically part of the C0 control character range, this was originally used to mark deleted characters on paper tape, since any character could be changed to all ones by punching holes everywhere. Control character article i need to think about merging these The delete key, known less ambiguously as forward delete, Del, or ⌦, performs a function when struck on a Computer On VT100 compatible terminals, this is the character generated by the key labelled ⌫, usually called backspace on modern machines, and does not correspond to the PC delete key. VT100 is a video terminal which was made by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC

C1 (ISO 8859 and Unicode)

These are most common extended control codes. If using the ISO/IEC 2022 extension mechanism, they are designated as the active C0 control character set with the sequence 0x1B 0x22 0x43 (ESC " C). ISO 2022, more formally ISO/IEC 2022 "Information Technology—Character code structure and extension techniques" is an ISO standard (equivalent to the Individual control functions can be accessed with the 7-bit equivalents 0x1B 0x40 through 0x1B 0x4F (ESC @ through ESC _).

Dec	Hex	Esc (0x1B+)	Short Acro[1]	Long Acro	Name	Description
128	80	40	PA	PAD	Padding Character	Listed as XXX in Unicode. Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on Text terminals In this context ANSI refers to the ANSI X3
129	81	41	HO	HOP	High Octet Preset
130	82	42	BH	BPH	Break Permitted Here	Roughly equivalent to a soft hyphen except that the means for indicating is not necessarily a hyphen. A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes
131	83	43	NH	NBH	No Break Here	Follows the graphic character that is not to be broken.
132	84	44	IN	IND	Index	Move the active position one line down, to eliminate ambiguity about the meaning of LF. Deprecated in 1986 and withdrawn in 1991 from ISO/IEC 6429 (ECMA-48). ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on Text terminals In this context ANSI refers to the ANSI X3
133	85	45	NL	NEL	Next Line	Equivalent to CR+LF. Used to mark end-of-line on some IBM mainframes.
134	86	46	SA	SSA	Start of Selected Area	Used by block-oriented terminals.
135	87	47	ES	ESA	End of Selected Area
136	88	48	HS	HTS	Character Tab Set Horizontal Tab Set
137	89	49	HJ	HTJ	Character Tab Justified Horizontal Tab Justified	Similar to Character Tab, except that instead of space being placed after the preceding characters until the next character tab stop is reached, the space is placed before them.
138	8A	4A	VS	VTS	Line Tab Set Vertical Tab Set
139	8B	4B	PD	PLD	Partial Line Forward Partial Line Down	Used to produce subscripts and superscripts in ISO/IEC 6429, e. ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on Text terminals In this context ANSI refers to the ANSI X3 g. , in a printer. Subscripts use PLD text PLU while superscripts use PLU text PLD. .
140	8C	4C	PU	PLU	Partial Line Backward Partial Line Up
141	8D	4D	RI	RI	Reverse Line Feed Reverse Index
142	8E	4E	S2	SS2	Single-Shift 2	Next character invokes a graphic from the G2 set.
143	8F	4F	S3	SS3	Single-Shift 3	Next character invokes a graphic from the G3 set.
144	90	50	DC	DCS	Device Control String	Followed by a string of printable characters (0x20 through 0x7E) and format effectors (0x08 through 0x0D), terminated by ST (0x9C).
145	91	51	P1	PU1	Private Use 1	Reserved for private use.
146	92	52	P2	PU2	Private Use 2
147	93	53	TS	STS	Set Transmit State
148	94	54	CC	CCH	Cancel character	Destructive backspace, to eliminate ambiguity about meaning of BS. In Telecommunication, the term cancel character has the following meanings A precision Control character (In Unicode, the
149	95	55	MW	MW	Message Waiting
150	96	56	SG	SPA	Start of Protected Area	Used by block-oriented terminals.
151	97	57	EG	EPA	End of Protected Area
152	98	58	SS	SOS	Start of String	Followed by a control string terminated by ST (0x9C) that may contain any character except SOS or ST.
153	99	59	GC	SGCI	Single Graphic Character Introducer	Listed as XXX in Unicode. Not part of ISO/IEC 6429. ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on Text terminals In this context ANSI refers to the ANSI X3
154	9A	5A	SC	SCI	Single Character Introducer	To be followed by a single printable character (0x20 through 0x7E) or format effector (0x08 through 0x0D). The intent was to provide a means by which a control function or a graphic character that would be available regardless of which graphic or control sets were in use could be defined. Definitions of what the following byte would invoke was never implemented in an international standard.
155	9B	5B	CI	CSI	Control Sequence Introducer	Used to introduce control sequences that take parameters. ANSI escape codes are used to control text formatting and other output options on Text terminals In this context ANSI refers to the ANSI X3
156	9C	5C	SI	ST	String Terminator
157	9D	5D	OC	OSC	Operating System Command	Followed by a string of printable characters (0x20 through 0x7E) and format effectors (0x08 through 0x0D), terminated by ST (0x9C).
158	9E	5E	PM	PM	Private Message
159	9F	5F	AC	APC	Application Program Command

References

• http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf
• http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf
• ATIS Telecom Glossary 2000
• De litteris regentibus C1 quaestiones septem or Are C1 characters legal in XHTML 1.0?
• W3C I18N FAQ: HTML, XHTML, XML and Control Codes
• International register of coded character sets to be used with escape sequences

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