Broadway theatre,[1] commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theatres with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District of the New York City borough of Manhattan. The Lion King is a Tony and Olivier Award -winning Broadway and West End musical based on the 1994 Disney animated The New Amsterdam Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 214 West 42nd Street in the heart of Times Square in New York City. The Theatre District is an area in Midtown Manhattan in which are located the many Broadway theatres as well as many other theatres movie theatres restaurants hotels The City of New York Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York [2][3] Broadway theatre is the best known form of professional theatre to the general public in the United States and the most lucrative for the performers, technicians and others involved in putting on the shows. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States
The shows that reach Broadway and thrive there have historically been perceived as generally mainstream and less likely to be cutting edge than some produced Off- and Off-Off-Broadway or in regional non-profit theatres. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. Off-Off-Broadway refers to theatrical productions including plays, musicals or Performance art pieces performed in New York City in smaller theatres Regional theaters (also called resident theaters) in the United States are professional Theater companies that produce their own seasons
The Broadway theatre district is a key tourist attraction in New York City. According to the The Broadway League, Broadway shows sell over one and a half billion dollars worth of tickets annually. The Broadway League, formerly the League of American Theatres and Producers Inc
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History
18th and 19th centuries
New York (and so, America) did not have a significant theatre presence until about 1750, when actor-managers Walter Murray and Thomas Kean established a resident theatre company at the Theatre on Nassau Street, which held about 280 people. For the other New York City theatre of this name see Park Theatre (Brooklyn. Thomas Howard Kean (born April 21, 1935 in New York City) is an American Republican Party Politician, who served as the They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggar’s Opera. The term ballad opera is used to refer to a genre of English stage entertainment originating in the 18th century and continuing to develop in the following century The Beggar's Opera is a Ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay. [4] In 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist. Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia The Merchant of Venice is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1596 and 1598 The company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The term ballad opera is used to refer to a genre of English stage entertainment originating in the 18th century and continuing to develop in the following century The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed, and in 1798, the 2,000-seat Park Theatre was built on Chatham Street (now called Park Row). In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" For the other New York City theatre of this name see Park Theatre (Brooklyn. for the former elevated train station see Park Row (BMT station Park Row is a street located in the Financial District of the [4] The Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. The Bowery Theatre was a Playhouse in the Bowery neighborhood of New York City. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, and especially so with the arrival of the Virginia Minstrels in the 1840s. The Virginia Minstrels or Virginia Serenaders was a group of 19th century American Entertainers known for helping to invent the entertainment form known
By the 1840s, P.T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5 1810 &ndash April 7 1891 was an American Showman remembered for Hoaxes and for founding the Circus that became the In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblo's Garden opened and soon became one of New York's premiere night spots. Niblo's Garden was a former New York theatre on Broadway, near Prince Street The 3,000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. The Astor Place Theatre opened in 1847. The Astor Place Theatre is an Off-Broadway house located at 434 Lafayette Street in the East Village section of Manhattan. A riot broke out in 1849 when the lower-class patrons of the Bowery objected to what they perceived as snobbery by the upper class audiences at Astor Place:
- "After the Astor Place Riot of 1849 entertainment in New York City was divided along class lines: opera was chiefly for the upper middle and upper classes, minstrel shows and melodramas for the middle class, variety shows in concert saloons for men of the working class and the slumming middle class. [5]
Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, seeking less expensive real estate prices. In 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Madison Square is formed by the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan Theatres did not arrive in the Times Square area until the early 1900s, and the Broadway theatres did not consolidate there until a large number of theatres were built around the square in the 1920s and 1930s. Times Square is a major intersection in Manhattan, New York City at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West Broadway's first "long-run" musical was a 50 performance hit called The Elves in 1857. New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London,[6] but Laura Keene's "musical burletta" Seven Sisters (1860) shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. Laura Keene (1826 &ndash November 4, 1873) was an Anglo-American actress and manager whose real name was Mary Frances Moss. It was at a performance by Keene's troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, D. Our American Cousin is a play in three acts by Tom Taylor. The play is a farcical comedy whose plot is based on the introduction of an awkward boorish C. that Abraham Lincoln was shot. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal
The first theatre piece that conforms to the modern conception of a musical, adding dance and original music that helped to tell the story, is generally considered to be The Black Crook, which premiered in New York on September 12, 1866. The Black Crook is considered to be the first piece of Musical theatre that conforms to the modern notion of a " Book musical " The Black Crook is considered to be the first piece of Musical theatre that conforms to the modern notion of a " Book musical " Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a "musical comedy. "[7]
Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Vaudeville was a Genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s Lillian Russell ( December 4[[ 860]] &ndash June 6 1922) was an American actress and Singer. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 (The Mulligan Guard Picnic) and 1885, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. Edward Harrigan (October 26 1844 – June 6 1911 was an American actor playwright theatre manager and Composer. These musical comedies featured characters and situations taken from the everyday life of New York's lower classes and represented a significant step forward from vaudeville and burlesque, towards a more literate form. They starred high quality singers (Lillian Russell, Vivienne Segal, and Fay Templeton) instead of the ladies of questionable repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Lillian Russell ( December 4[[ 860]] &ndash June 6 1922) was an American actress and Singer. Vivienne Sonia Segal ( April 19, 1897 - December 29, 1992) was an American actress and singer Fay Templeton ( December 25 1865, Little Rock Arkansas &ndash October 3 1939, San Francisco California) was an American
As transportation improved, poverty in New York diminished, and street lighting made for safer travel at night, the number of potential patrons for the growing number of theatres increased enormously. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits and improved production values. As in England, during the latter half of the century the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. Gilbert and Sullivan's family-friendly comic opera hits, beginning with H.M.S. Pinafore in 1878, were imported to New York (by the authors and also in numerous pirated productions). Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian era partnership of Librettist W Comic opera, or light opera, denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature usually with a happy ending HMS Pinafore, or The Lass that Loved a Sailor, is a Comic opera in two acts with music by Arthur Sullivan and Libretto by They were imitated in New York by American productions such as Reginald DeKoven's Robin Hood (1891) and John Philip Sousa's El Capitan (1896), along with operas, ballets and other British and European hits. John Philip Sousa ( November 6, 1854 &ndash March 6, 1932) was an American Composer and conductor of the late El Capitan is a vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park, located on the north side of Yosemite Valley, near its western end
1890s and later
Charles Hoyt's A Trip to Chinatown (1891) became Broadway's long-run champion, holding the stage for 657 performances. Charles Hale Hoyt ( July 26 1859 - November 20 1900) was an American dramatist born in Concord, N A Trip to Chinatown is a musical comedy in three acts by Charles H This would not be surpassed until Irene in 1919. Irene is a musical with a book by James Montgomery lyrics by Joseph McCarthy, and music by Harry Tierney. In 1896, theatre owners Marc Klaw and A. L. Erlanger formed the Theatrical Syndicate, which controlled almost every legitimate theater in the U. Marcus Alonzo Klaw ( May 29, 1858 – June 14, 1936) was an American Lawyer, Theatrical producer, theatre owner Abraham Lincoln Erlanger ( May 4, 1859 – March 7, 1930) was an American Theatrical producer, director designer theatre owner The Theatrical Syndicate was established in New York City, New York in 1896 by producers and investors Charles Frohman, Al Hayman, Abe Erlanger S. for the next sixteen years. [8] However, smaller vaudeville and variety houses proliferated, and Off-Broadway was well established by the end of the 19th century. Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City.
A Trip to Coontown (1898) was the first musical comedy entirely produced and performed by African Americans in a Broadway theatre (largely inspired by the routines of the minstrel shows), followed by the ragtime-tinged Clorindy the Origin of the Cakewalk (1898), and the highly successful In Dahomey (1902). African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The minstrel show, or minstrelsy, was an American entertainment consisting of comic skits variety acts dancing, and Music, Ragtime (alternately spelled Rag-time) is an American musical genre which enjoyed its peak popularity between 1897 and 1918 Hundreds of musical comedies were staged on Broadway in the 1890s and early 1900s comprised of songs written in New York's Tin Pan Alley involving composers such as Gus Edwards, John Walter Bratton, and George M. Cohan (Little Johnny Jones (1904), 45 Minutes From Broadway (1906), and George Washington Jr. Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City -centered music publishers and Songwriters who dominated the popular John Walter Bratton ( January 21 1867 - February 7 1947) was an American composer and theatrical producer George Michael Cohan ( July 3, 1878 &ndash November 5, 1942) was a United States Entertainer, Playwright, For the blues pianist see Little Johnny Jones (pianist Little Johnny Jones is a musical by George M (1906)). Still, New York runs continued to be relatively short, with a few exceptions, compared with London runs, until World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All [9] A few very successful British musicals continued to achieve great success in New York, including Florodora in 1900-01. Florodora was one of the first successful Broadway musicals of the 20th century
In the early years of the 20th century, translations of popular late-19th century continental operettas were joined by the "Princess Theatre" shows of the 1910s by writers such as P. G. Wodehouse, Guy Bolton and Harry B. Smith. Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, KBE (15 October 1881 – 14 February 1975 (ˈwʊdhaʊs was an English Comic novelist who enjoyed enormous popular success Guy Reginald Bolton ( November 23, 1884 - September 6, 1979) was a British - American Playwright and writer of Harry B Smith ( December 28, 1860 &ndash January 2, 1936) was a renowned and prolific Writer, Lyricist, and Victor Herbert, whose work included some intimate musical plays with modern settings as well as his string of famous operettas (The Fortune Teller (1898), Babes in Toyland (1903), Mlle. Modiste (1905), The Red Mill (1906), and Naughty Marietta (1910)). Victor August Herbert ( February 1 1859 &ndash May 26 1924) was a Cellist, conductor and Composer best known The Fortune Teller is an Operetta in three acts written by Victor Herbert, with a Libretto by Harry B Babes in Toyland is an Operetta composed by Victor Herbert with a libretto by Glen MacDonough (1870 - 1924 which wove together various characters Mlle Modiste is an Operetta in two acts written by Victor Herbert, Libretto by Henry Blossom. The Red Mill is an Operetta written by Victor Herbert, with a Libretto by Henry Blossom. Naughty Marietta is an Operetta in two acts with Libretto by Rida Johnson Young and music by Victor Herbert. [10] Beginning with The Red Mill, Broadway shows installed electric signs outside the theatres. Since colored bulbs burned out too quickly, white lights were used, and Broadway was nicknamed "The Great White Way. " In August 1919, the Actors Equity Association demanded a standard contract for all professional productions. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Actors' Equity Association (AEA commonly referred to as Actors' Equity After a strike shut down all the theatres, the producers were forced to agree. By the 1920s, the Shubert Brothers had risen to take over the majority of the theatres from the Erlanger syndicate. The Shubert family of New York City, New York was responsible for the establishment of the Broadway district in New York City, as the hub of [11]
The motion picture mounted a challenge to the stage. Sally is a musical comedy with music by Jerome Kern, lyrics by Clifford Grey and book by Guy Bolton (inspired by the 19th century At first, films were silent and presented only limited competition. But by the end of the 1920s, films like The Jazz Singer could be presented with synchronized sound, and critics wondered if the cinema would replace live theatre altogether. The Jazz Singer is a 1927 American Musical film. The first feature-length motion picture with synchronized Dialogue The musicals of the Roaring Twenties, borrowing from vaudeville, music hall and other light entertainments, tended to ignore plot in favor of emphasizing star actors and actresses, big dance routines, and popular songs. Roaring Twenties is a phrase used to describe the 1920s principally in North America, that emphasizes the period's social artistic and cultural dynamism Music hall is a form of British theatrical Entertainment which was popular between 1850 and 1960 Florenz Ziegfeld produced annual spectacular song-and-dance revues on Broadway featuring extravagant sets and elaborate costumes, but there was little to tie the various numbers together. Florenz Ziegfeld Jr ( March 21, 1869 &ndash July 22, 1932) called Flo Ziegfeld, was an American Broadway Typical of the 1920s were lighthearted productions like Sally; Lady Be Good; Sunny; No, No, Nanette; Oh, Kay!; and Funny Face. Sally is a musical comedy with music by Jerome Kern, lyrics by Clifford Grey and book by Guy Bolton (inspired by the 19th century Lady Be Good (title sometimes presented with an Exclamation point) is the title of a Broadway musical play that was written by Guy Bolton, No No Nanette is a Musical comedy with lyrics by Irving Caesar and Otto Harbach, music by Vincent Youmans, and a book by Otto Harbach Oh Kay! is a musical with music by George Gershwin, lyrics by Ira Gershwin, and a book by Guy Bolton and P Funny Face is a 1927 musical composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin, and book by Fred Thompson and Paul Their books may have been forgettable, but they produced enduring standards from George Gershwin, Cole Porter, Jerome Kern, Vincent Youmans, and Rodgers and Hart, among others, and Noel Coward, Sigmund Romberg and Rudolf Friml continued in the vein of Victor Herbert. George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. Cole Albert Porter (June 9 1891 &ndash October 15 1964 was an American Composer and songwriter from Peru, Indiana. Jerome David Kern ( January 27, 1885 &ndash November 11, 1945) was an American Composer of popular music Vincent Youmans ( September 27, 1898 - April 5, 1946) was an American popular composer and Broadway producer Rodgers and Hart were an American songwriting partnership consisting of the composer Richard Rodgers (1902 &ndash 1979 and the lyricist Sir Noël Peirce Coward ( 16 December 1899 26 March 1973) was an English Actor, Playwright Sigmund Romberg, born Zsigmond Romberg ( July 29, 1887, Nagykanizsa − November 9, 1951 Rudolf Friml ( December 7, 1879 - November 12, 1972) was a Composer of Operettas musicals and songs as well Clearly, the live theatre survived the invention of cinema.
Leaving these comparatively frivolous entertainments behind, and taking the drama a giant step forward, Show Boat, premiered on December 27, 1927 at the Ziegfeld Theatre, representing a complete integration of book and score, with dramatic themes, as told through the music, dialogue, setting and movement, woven together more seamlessly than in previous musicals. Show Boat is a musical in two acts with music by Jerome Kern and book (based on a novel by Edna Ferber) and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Ziegfeld Theatre was a Broadway Theatre formerly located at the intersection of Sixth Avenue and 54th Street in Manhattan, It ran for a total of 572 performances. After the lean years of the Great Depression, Broadway theatre entered a golden age with the blockbuster hit Oklahoma!, in 1943, which ran for 2,212 performances. Oklahoma! is the first musical written by composer Richard Rodgers and librettist Oscar Hammerstein II. Hit after hit followed on Broadway, and the Broadway theatre attained the highest level of international prestige in theatre.
The Tony Awards were established in 1947 to recognize achievement in live American theatre, especially Broadway theatre. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented
Broadway today
Schedule
Although there are now more exceptions than there once were, generally shows with open-ended runs operate on the same schedule, with evening performances Tuesday through Saturday with an 8 p. m. "curtain" and afternoon "matinée" performances on Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday; typically at 2 p. m. on Wednesdays and Saturdays and 3 p. m. on Sundays, making a standard eight performance week. On this schedule, shows do not play on Monday, and the shows and theatres are said to be "dark" on that day. Actors and crew in these shows tend to regard Sunday evening through Tuesday evening as their "weekend". The Tony Award presentation ceremony is usually held on a Sunday evening in June to fit into this schedule. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented
In recent years, many shows have moved their Tuesday show time an hour earlier to 7 p. m. The rationale for the move was that fewer tourists took in shows midweek, so the Tuesday crowd in particular depends on local audience members. The earlier curtain therefore allows suburban patrons time after a show to get home by a reasonable hour. Some shows, especially those produced by Disney, change their performance schedules fairly frequently, depending on the season, in order to maximize access to their targeted audience.
Personnel
Both musicals and stage plays on Broadway often rely on casting well-known performers in leading roles to draw larger audiences or bring in new audience members to the theatre. Actors from movies and television are frequently cast for the revivals of Broadway shows or are used to replace actors leaving a cast. There are still, however, performers who are primarily stage actors, spending most of their time "on the boards", and appearing in television and in screen roles only secondarily.
In the past, stage actors had a somewhat superior attitude towards other kinds of live performances, such as vaudeville and burlesque, which were felt to be tawdry, commercial and low-brow—they considered their own craft to be a higher and more artistic calling. Vaudeville was a Genre of variety entertainment prevalent on the stage in the United States and Canada, from the early 1880s Burlesque is theatrical entertainment of broad and parodic humor which usually consists of comic skits (and sometimes a strip tease) This attitude is reflected in the term used to describe their form of stage performance: "legitimate theatre". (The abbreviated form "legit" is still used for live theatre by the entertainment industry newspaper Variety as part of its unique "slanguage. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman ")[12] This rather condescending attitude also carried over to performers who worked in radio, film and television instead of in "the theatre", but this attitude is much less prevalent now, especially since film and television work pay so much better than almost all theatrical acting, even Broadway. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The split between "legit" theatre and "variety" performances still exists, however, in the structure of the actors' unions: Actors' Equity represents actors in the legitimate theatre, and the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA) represents them in performances without a "book" or through-storyline—although it's very rare for Broadway actors not to work under an Equity contract, since most plays and musicals come under that union's jurisdiction. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Actors' Equity Association (AEA commonly referred to as Actors' Equity American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA is an American entertainment union representing performers in variety entertainment including circuses Las Vegas showrooms
Almost all of the people involved with a Broadway show at every level are represented by unions or other protective, professional or trade organization. The actors, dancers, singers, chorus members and stage managers are members of Actors' Equity Association (AEA), musicians are represented by the American Federation of Musicians (AFM), and stagehands, dressers, hairdressers, designers, box office personnel and ushers all belong to various locals of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes, also known as "the IA" or "IATSE" (pronounced "eye-ot-zee"). Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Actors' Equity Association (AEA commonly referred to as Actors' Equity The American Federation of Musicians ( AFM / AFofM) is a labor union of Professional Musicians in the United States and Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes, Directors and choreographers belong to the Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers (SSD&C), playwrights to the Dramatists Guild, and house managers, company managers and press agents belong to the Association of Theatrical Press Agents and Managers (ATPAM). The Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers (SSDC is an independent national labor union established in 1959 representing theatrical directors and The Dramatists Guild of America is a professional organization for Playwrights Composers and Lyricists working in the U Casting directors (who tried in 2002-2004 to become part of ATPAM) is the last major components of Broadway's human infrastructure who are not unionized. (General managers, who run the business affairs of a show, and are frequently producers as well, are management and not labor. )
Producers and theatre owners
Most Broadway producers and theatre owners are members of the The Broadway League (formerly "The League of American Theatres and Producers"), a trade organization that promotes Broadway theatre as a whole, negotiates contracts with the various theatrical unions and agreements with the guilds, and co-administers the Tony Awards with the American Theatre Wing, a service organization. The Broadway League, formerly the League of American Theatres and Producers Inc The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented The American Theatre Wing (the Wing for short originally part of the WWII Allied Relief Fund is a New York City -based organization "dedicated to supporting While the League and the theatrical unions are sometimes at loggerheads during those periods when new contracts are being negotiated, they also cooperate on many projects and events designed to promote professional theatre in New York.
The three non-profit theatre companies with Broadway theatres ("houses") belong to the League of Resident Theatres and have contracts with the theatrical unions which are negotiated separately from the other Broadway theatre and producers. Regional theaters (also called resident theaters) in the United States are professional Theater companies that produce their own seasons (Disney also negotiates apart from the League, as did Livent before it closed down its operations. The Live Entertainment Corporation of Canada Inc, also known as Livent, was a theatre production company in Toronto Ontario, begun as a division of the motion picture exhibitor ) However, generally, shows that play in any of the Broadway houses are eligibile for Tony Awards (see below).
The majority of Broadway theatres are owned or managed by three organizations: the Shubert Organization, a for-profit arm of the non-profit Shubert Foundation, which owns 17 theatres (it recently retained full ownership of the Music Box from the Irving Berlin Estate); The Nederlander Organization, which controls 9 theatres; and Jujamcyn, which owns five Broadway houses. The Shubert Organization was founded by the Shubert brothers, Sam S The Nederlander Organization ( Detroit Michigan) founded in 1912 by David T Jujamcyn Theaters is a group of five theatres that was owned by James H
Runs
Most Broadway shows are commercial productions intended to make a profit for the producers and investors ("backers" or "angels"), and therefore have open-ended runs, meaning that the length of their presentation is not set beforehand, but depends on critical response, word of mouth, and the effectiveness of the show's advertising, all of which determine ticket sales. This list contains the 100 longest-running shows on Broadway. Shows do not necessarily have to make a profit immediately. If they are making their "nut" (weekly operating expenses), or are losing money at a rate which the producers consider acceptable, they may continue to run in the expectation that, eventually, they will pay back their initial costs and become profitable. In some borderline situations, producers may ask that royalties be temporarily reduced or waived, or even that performers - with the permission of their unions - take reduced salaries, in order to prevent a show from closing. Theatre owners, who are not generally profit participants in most productions, may waive or reduce rents, or even lend a show money in order to keep it running. (In one case, a theatre owner lent a floundering show money to stay open, even though the production had to move to another owner's theatre because of a previous booking at the original house. )
Some Broadway shows are produced by non-commercial organizations as part of a regular subscription season—Lincoln Center Theater, Roundabout Theatre Company, and Manhattan Theatre Club are the three non-profit theatre companies that currently have permanent Broadway venues. The Roundabout Theatre Company is the largest Non-profit theatre company based in New York City. The Manhattan Theatre Club (MTC is a theater club in Manhattan, New York. Some other productions are produced on Broadway with "limited engagement runs" for a number of reasons, including financial issues, prior engagements of the performers or temporary availability of a theatre between the end of one production and the beginning of another. However, some shows with planned limited engagement runs may, after critical acclaim or box office success, extend their engagements or convert to open-ended runs. This was the case with 2007's August: Osage County,
Historically, musicals on Broadway tend to have longer runs than do "straight" (i. August Osage County is an original darkly comedic play by Tracy Letts. e. non-musical) plays. On January 9, 2006, The Phantom of the Opera at the Majestic Theatre became the longest running Broadway musical, with 7,486 performances, overtaking Cats. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the book written by the French novelist Gaston Leroux The Majestic Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 245 West 44th Street in midtown Manhattan. Cats is an award-winning musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber based on Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats by T [13]
Touring
In addition to long runs in Broadway theatres, producers often remount their productions with a new cast and crew for the Broadway national tour, which travels to theatres in major cities across the country—the bigger and more successful shows may have several of these touring companies out at a time, some of them "sitting down" in other cities for their own long runs. Smaller cities are eventually serviced by "bus & truck" tours, so-called because the cast generally travels by bus (instead of by air) and the sets and equipment by truck. Tours of this type, which frequently feature a reduced physical production to accommodate smaller venues and tighter schedules, often play "split weeks" (half a week in one town and the second half in another) or "one-nighters", whereas the larger tours will generally play for one or two weeks per city at a minimum. The Touring Broadway Awards, presented by The Broadway League, honor excellence in touring Broadway. The Touring Broadway Awards (TBAs recognize outstanding achievement in Broadway plays and musicals that tour North America The Broadway League, formerly the League of American Theatres and Producers Inc
Audience
Seeing a Broadway show is a common tourist activity in New York, and Broadway theatre generates billions of dollars annually. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The TKTS booths—one in Duffy Square (47th Street between Broadway and 7th Avenue) and one in Lower Manhattan (199 Water Street—Corner of Front & John Streets)—sell same-day tickets for many Broadway and Off-Broadway shows at a discount of either 25%, 35% or 50%. The TKTS ticket booths in New York and London sell Broadway and West End theatre tickets respectively at discounts of 25–50% off the face Duffy Square, also known as Father Francis D Duffy Monument and Duffy Square or as Father Francis P Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. This service helps sell seats that would otherwise go empty, and makes seeing a show in New York more affordable. Many Broadway theatres also offer special student rates, same-day "rush" or "lottery" tickets, or standing-room tickets to help ensure that their theatres are as full, and their "grosses" as high as possible. [14]
Some theatregoers prefer the more experimental, challenging, and intimate performances possible in smaller theatres, which are referred to as Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway (though some may be physically located on or near Broadway). Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. Off-Off-Broadway refers to theatrical productions including plays, musicals or Performance art pieces performed in New York City in smaller theatres An example of this would be the hit musical Spring Awakening, which began its run Off-Broadway in a small, intimate environment, and continued onto Broadway, where it still gives the similar, intimate experience. Spring Awakening is a Tony Award -winning rock musical with music by Duncan Sheik and book and lyrics by Steven Sater. Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. The classification of theatres is governed by language in Actors' Equity Association contracts. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Actors' Equity Association (AEA commonly referred to as Actors' Equity To be eligible for a Tony, a production must be in a house with 500 seats or more and in the Theatre District, which criteria defines Broadway theatre.
Total Broadway attendance in the 2006-2007 season was just over 12 million. [15] This was approximately the same as London's West End theatre (which reported total attendance of 12. West End theatre is a popular term for mainstream professional theatre staged in the large theatres of London 's "Theatreland" 357 for major commercial and grant-aided theatres in Central London for 2006). [16] Attendance rose slightly from the previous season (2005-2006), when attendance first reached the 12 million mark.
Tony Awards
Broadway shows and artists are honored every June when the Antoinette Perry Awards (Tony Awards) are given by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented The American Theatre Wing (the Wing for short originally part of the WWII Allied Relief Fund is a New York City -based organization "dedicated to supporting The "Tony" is Broadway's most prestigious award, the importance of which has increased since the annual broadcast on television began. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic In a strategy to improve the television ratings, celebrities are often chosen to host the show, like Hugh Jackman and Rosie O'Donnell, in addition to celebrity presenters, many with little or no connection to the theater. Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October, 1968) is an Tony Award -winning and Emmy Award -winning Australian Actor Roseann "Rosie" O'Donnell [17]
While some critics have felt that the show should focus on celebrating the stage, others recognize the positive impact that famous faces lend to selling more tickets and bringing more people to the theatre. The performances from Broadway musicals on the telecast have also been cited as vital to the survival of many Broadway shows. Many theatre people, notably critic Frank Rich, dismiss the Tony awards as little more than a commercial for the limited world of Broadway, which after all can only support a maximum of two dozen shows a season, and constantly call for the awards to embrace off-Broadway theatre as well. Frank Rich (born June 2, 1949 in Washington DC) is a Columnist for The New York Times who focuses on American politics Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. (Other awards given to New York theatrical productions, such as the Drama Desk Award and the Outer Circle Critics Award, are not limited to Broadway productions, and honor shows that are presented throughout the city. The Drama Desk Award, created in 1955, is an award which recognizes shows produced on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Off-off-Broadway, and The Outer Critics Circle Awards are presented annually for theatrical achievements both on and Off-Broadway and were begun during the 1949-1950 theater season )
List of Broadway theatres
- If no show is currently running, the play listed is the next show planned (dates marked with an *).
- If the next show planned is not announced, the applicable columns are left blank.
See also
Notes and references
- ^ Although theater is the preferred spelling in the U. The Ambassador Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 219 West 49th Street in midtown- Manhattan. Chicago is a Kander and Ebb musical set in prohibition era Chicago. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The American Airlines Theatre is a Broadway theatre, located at 227 West 42nd Street, New York City. Les Liaisons dangereuses ( Dangerous Liaisons) is a French Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Brooks Atkinson Theatre is a Broadway theater located at 256 West 47th Street in Manhattan. This article is about the stage musical For the 1978 film of the same name see Grease (film. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Ethel Barrymore Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 243 West 47th Street in midtown- Manhattan. November is a 2007 play written by American playwright David Mamet. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Belasco Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 111 West 44th Street in midtown- Manhattan. Passing Strange is a musical with lyrics and book by Stew and music and orchestrations by Stew and Heidi Rodewald Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Vivian Beaumont Theater is a theater in New York City in the United States. South Pacific is a musical, with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, and book by both Hammerstein and Joshua Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Bernard B Jacobs Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 242 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way) in midtown- Manhattan. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Top Girls is a 1982 play by Caryl Churchill. It depicts the life of Marlene a hard-bitten career woman who is employed at the 'Top Girls' employment agency Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Booth Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 222 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way) in midtown- Manhattan, New York City Thurgood is a one-man play about the life of Thurgood Marshall. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Broadhurst Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 235 West 44th Street in midtown Manhattan. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a Tony -nominated play by Tennessee Williams. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Broadway Theatre (formerly Universal's Colony Theatre, BS Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Circle in the Square Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 235 West 50th Street in midtown Manhattan. The Cort Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 138 West 48th Street in midtown- Manhattan. The 39 Steps is a play adapted from the 1915 novel by John Buchan and the 1935 film by Alfred Hitchcock. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The George Gershwin Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 222 West 51st Street in midtown- Manhattan in the Paramount Plaza Wicked is a musical with songs and lyrics by Stephen Schwartz and a book by Winnie Holzman. 51st Street is a 19 mile long one-way Street traveling east to west across Midtown Manhattan. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The John Golden Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 252 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way) in midtown- Manhattan. Avenue Q is a musical conceived by Robert Lopez and Jeff Marx, who wrote the music and lyrics and directed by Jason Moore. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Helen Hayes Theatre (fomerly the Little Theatre, New York Times Hall and Winthrop Ames Theatre) with 597 seats is the smallest Broadway Xanadu is a musical comedy with a book by Douglas Carter Beane, music and lyrics by Jeff Lynne and John Farrar, based on the Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Hilton Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 213 West 42nd Street in Manhattan. Young Frankenstein, officially known as The New Mel Brooks Musical Young Frankenstein, is a musical with a book by Mel Brooks and Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Al_Hirschfeld_Theatre_ticket_box_NYCjpg|thumb|Ticket booth]]The Al Hirschfeld Theatre is a legitimate theatre located at 302 West 45th Street in midtown- Manhattan. Curtains is a musical with a book by Rupert Holmes, lyrics by Fred Ebb, and music by John Kander, with additional lyrics by Kander Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common For other uses see Imperial Theatre. The Imperial Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 249 West 45th Street Billy Elliot the Musical is a musical based on the 2000 film Billy Elliot. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Walter Kerr Theatre is a Broadway theatre. It is located at 218 West 48th Street and it is part of the Jujamcyn Amusement Corporation. The article is about the stage musical For the 1956 film see The Catered Affair. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Longacre Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 220 West 48th Street in midtown Manhattan. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Lunt-Fontanne Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 205 West 46th Street in midtown- Manhattan This is the article about the stage musical For the 1989 film see The Little Mermaid (1989 film. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Lyceum Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 149 West 45th Street in midtown- Manhattan. of show is a musical with music and lyrics by Jeff Bowen and a book by Hunter Bell. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Majestic Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 245 West 44th Street in midtown Manhattan. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the book written by the French novelist Gaston Leroux Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The Marquis Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 1535 Broadway in midtown- Manhattan. Cry-Baby is a musical based on the 1990 John Waters movie of the same name. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Minskoff Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 1515 Broadway in midtown- Manhattan. The Lion King is a Tony and Olivier Award -winning Broadway and West End musical based on the 1994 Disney animated Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Music Box Theater is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 239 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way) in midtown- Manhattan. August Osage County is an original darkly comedic play by Tracy Letts. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. David T Nederlander Theatre (formerly " Billy Rose Theatre " or "National Theatre" is a 1232-seat Broadway theatre located at 208 West 41st Street Rent is a Rock musical, with music and lyrics by Jonathan Larson based on Giacomo Puccini 's Opera La Bohème Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The New Amsterdam Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 214 West 42nd Street in the heart of Times Square in New York City. Mary Poppins is a Walt Disney Theatrical musical based on the similarly-titled series of children's books and the Disney 1964 film. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Eugene O'Neill Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 230 West 49th Street in midtown- Manhattan. Spring Awakening is a Tony Award -winning rock musical with music by Duncan Sheik and book and lyrics by Steven Sater. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Palace Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 1564 Broadway in midtown- Manhattan. Legally Blonde is a musical based on the Amanda Brown novel and the 2001 film of the same name. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Richard Rodgers Theatre, in New York City, was built by Irwin Chanin in 1925 Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre is a legitimate Broadway theatre located at 236 West 45th Street ( George Abbott Way) in midtown- Manhattan. A Chorus Line is a musical about seventeen Broadway Dancers auditioning for spots on a Chorus line. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Shubert Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 225 West 44th Street in midtown- Manhattan, New York, United States Monty Python's Spamalot is a musical comedy "lovingly ripped off from" the 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Neil Simon Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 250 West 52nd Street in midtown- Manhattan. Hairspray is a musical with music by Marc Shaiman, lyrics by Scott Wittman and Shaiman and a book by Mark O'Donnell and Thomas Meehan based Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The St James Theatre is located at 246 W 44th St Broadway, New York City, New York. Gypsy is a 1959 musical with music by Jule Styne, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Studio 54 is a New York City Broadway theater and former Discothèque located at 254 West 54th Street in Manhattan. Sunday in the Park with George is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Lapine. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The August Wilson Theatre, located at 245 West 52nd Street in New York City, is a legitimate Broadway theatre. Jersey Boys is a documentary -style musical based on the lives of one of the most successful 1960s Rock 'n roll groups the Four Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Winter Garden Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 1634 Broadway in midtown- Manhattan. This article is about the stage musical For the film see Mamma Mia! The Movie. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Off-Broadway plays or musicals are performed in New York City. Off-Off-Broadway refers to theatrical productions including plays, musicals or Performance art pieces performed in New York City in smaller theatres The Gypsy Robe is a ritual robe used for the opening of a Broadway Musical. S. (see further at American and British English Spelling Differences), the majority of venues, performers, and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre. American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences.
- ^ New York Tourism Department. Tourism in New York City includes nearly 44 million foreign and American tourists each year New York Tourism Website. Retrieved on 2007-12-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the
- ^ playbill.com article, Feb. 7, 2008, "ASK PLAYBILL.COM: Broadway or Off-Broadway—Part I", retrieved Feb. 8, 2008
- ^ a b John Kenrick article on the history of NY theatre
- ^ Snyder, Robert W. in The Encyclopedia of New York City (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), Kenneth T. Jackson, editor, p. 1226.
- ^ Article on long runs in New York and London prior to 1920
- ^ a b Sheridan, Morley. Spread A Little Happiness, New York: Thames and Hudson, 1987, p. 15
- ^ Kenrick's summary of New York theatre from 1865-1900
- ^ Article on long-running musicals before 1920
- ^ Midkoff, Neil article
- ^ Kenrick's summary of the 20th century history of theatre in New York
- ^ Variety Magazine. Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman Variety Slanguage Dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-12-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the
- ^ List of longest runs on Broadway
- ^ May 7, 2008, Broadway Rush and Standing Room Only Policies
- ^ The Broadway League. The Broadway League, formerly the League of American Theatres and Producers Inc "Broadway Season Statistics". Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ Society of London Theatre
- ^ NewYork Times article, June 7, 2004, Tony Awards Finish Up With a Fuzzy Surprise; Puppet Musical Wins Big, as Does 'My Own Wife
External links
- General
- The Internet Broadway Database
- Broadway Theatre Archive
- Broadway Musicals
- Playbill.com
- Broadway Magazine
- Awards and service organizations
- Producers and Unions
- The Broadway League (formerly the League of American Theatres and Producers)
- Actors' Equity Association
- The Dramatists Guild of America
- Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers
- American Federation of Musicians
- IATSE
- Association of Theatrical Press Agents & Managers
- News, information and ticket sources
- Broadway.tv
- Broadway.com
- TheaterMania.com
- BroadwayWorld.com
- Broadway Show Guide
- I Love New York Theater
- Broadway Tickets - National Event Company
- Broadway2day.com
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