Brasília
Brasília
Flag Seal
Nickname: Capital Federal, BSB
Motto: "Venturis ventis"  (Latin) "To the coming winds"
Location of Brasília
Coordinates: 15°48′S 47°54′W / -15.8, -47.9
Country	Brazil
Region	Central-West
State	Distrito Federal
Founded	21 April 1960
Government
- Governor	José Roberto Arruda (DEM)
Area
- Total	5,802 km² (2,204,2 sq mi)
Elevation	1,172 m (3,845 ft)
Population (2008)[1]
- Total	2,529,580
- Density	435,98/km² (1,129,17/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC (UTC-3)
Area code(s)	61
HDI (2000)	0. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Brazil is currently divided into five Regions (also called Macroregions by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica ( IBGE) The Central-West Region is composed of the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; along with Distrito Federal (Federal District The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito The Federal District ( Portuguese: Distrito Federal   is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a list of Governors of the Brazilian Federal District. The Democrats ( Democratas) is a Political party in Brazil, considered the main Centre-right party of Brazil Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 844 – high
Website: Brasília, Federal District

Brasília (IPA: [bɾaˈziliɐ]) is the capital of Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld It is coterminous with the Distrito Federal (Federal District) and borders the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais. The Federal District ( Portuguese: Distrito Federal   is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, the second most populous and fourth largest by area in the federation The city and the district are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. The Central-West Region is composed of the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul; along with Distrito Federal (Federal District In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting It has a population of about 2,455,903 as of the 2007 IBGE census, making it the fourth largest city in Brazil. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Gehjgygmmliografia e Estatística is the agency responsible for Statistical It is listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16

As the national capital, Brasília is the seat of all three branches of the Brazilian government. Politics of Brazil takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Brazil The city also hosts the headquarters of many Brazilian companies such as the Bank of Brazil, Caixa Econômica Federal and Brasil Telecom. Banco do Brasil SA ( English: Bank of Brazil; BOV: BBAS3SA is a major Brazilian bank headquartered in Brasília. Caixa Econômica Federal, also referred to as CAIXA is a Brazilian Bank, one of the largest government-owned financial institutions in Latin America Brasil Telecom SA (BrT ( Bovespa: BRTP3 / BRTP4( NYSE: BRP is a major Brazilian Telecommunications company headquartered in the Brazilian The city is a world reference for urban planning. The locating of residential buildings around expansive urban areas, of building the city around large avenues and dividing it into sectors, has sparked a debate and reflection on life in big cities in the 20th century. In Architecture, Construction, Engineering and real estate development the word building may refer to one of the following Any man-made The city’s planned design included specific areas for almost everything, including accommodation – Hotel Sectors North and South. However, new areas are now being developed as locations for hotels, such as the Hotels and Tourism Sector North, located on the shores of Lake Paranoá. Brasília offers modern and comfortable hotels, including hotels managed by international chains; but it also offers cozy and modest inns, B&Bs and hostels. Bed and breakfast, also known as B&B, is a term originating in the United Kingdom, but now also used all over the world for an establishment that offers accommodation Hostels provide budget-oriented accommodation where guests can rent a bed, sometimes a Bunk bed in a Dormitory and share a bathroom

The city was planned and developed in 1956 with Lúcio Costa as the principal urban planner and Oscar Niemeyer as the principal architect. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important In 1960, it formally became Brazil's national capital. When seen from above, the city's shape resembles an airplane or a butterfly^[2][3]. Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft. A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a The city is commonly referred to as Capital Federal, Capital da Esperança (which translates to Capital of Hope), or simply BSB^[4]. People from the city of Brasília are known as brasilienses or candangos.

The Brasília International Airport is a major hub for the rest of the country, connecting the capital to all major Brazilian cities and many international destinations. Brasília International Airport - President Juscelino Kubitschek is Brasília 's international Airport. An airline hub is an Airport that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination

The city is home of University of Brasília. The University of Brasília (in Portuguese: Universidade de Brasília, known simply as UnB) is one of the largest and one of the most prestigious

Background

Brasília was built to be Brazil's new capital city. The idea was to transfer the federal capital of Brazil from the coast to the midwestern interior of the country. Previously the capital of Brazil was situated in Rio de Janeiro and before that in Salvador. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Salvador (historic name São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, in English "Holy Savior of All Saints' Bay" is a City on the northeast coast of By relocating the capital city to the interior, the government intended to help populate that area of the country. People from all over the country were hired to build the city, especially those from the Northeast region of Brazil. These workers would be known as candangos. Brasília is known, internationally, for having applied the principles established in the Athens Charter of 1933. The Athens Charter, or Charte d'Athènes, is a design for Urban planning.

Satellite photo of Brasília.

The Juscelino Kubitschek Memorial. Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (JK ( September 12, 1902 – August 22, 1976) was a prominent Brazilian politician who was

History

President Juscelino Kubitschek ordered the construction of Brasília, fulfilling an article of the country's constitution stating that the capital should be moved from Rio de Janeiro to a place close to the center of the country. Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (JK ( September 12, 1902 – August 22, 1976) was a prominent Brazilian politician who was Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner. An urban planner is a professional who works in the field of Urban planning for the purpose of maximizing the effectiveness of a community's land use and infrastructure Oscar Niemeyer, a close friend of Lúcio, was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Roberto Burle Marx ( August 4, 1909, São Paulo - June 4, 1994, Rio de Janeiro Landscape architecture involves the investigation and designed response to the landscape Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April 21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

From 1763 to 1960, Rio de Janeiro was the capital of Brazil. At this time, resources tended to be centred in Brazil's southeast region near Rio de Janeiro. Brasília’s geographical central location made for a more regionally neutral federal capital.

The concept of locating the capital in the center of Brazil was first made in 1891 but was not defined until 1922.

According to a legend, Italian saint Don Bosco in 1883 had a prophetic dream in which he described a futuristic city that roughly fitted Brasília's location. Saint John Bosco (born 'Giovanni Melchiorre Bosco' and known in English as Don Bosco ( August 16 1815 &ndash January 31 1888 Today, in Brasília, there are many references to this educator who founded the Salesian order. The Salesians of Don Bosco (or the Salesian Society, originally known as the Society of St One of the main churches in the city bears his name.

Brasília is the result of a modern urban project designed by Lúcio Costa. When seen from above, the city’s pilot plan resembles the shape of an airplane – many prefer to refer to it as a bird with open wings –, although the architect’s original urban concept pointed to the shape of a cross, to symbolize possession. Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft.

Brasilia is, still, a leading example worldwide in urban planning. The concept of locating residential buildings around expansive urban areas, of basing the city plan around large avenues and dividing it into sectors, has produced an intense debate and reflections on life in big cities in the 20th century.

The city also hosts a varied assortment of art works from artists like Bruno Giorgi, Alfredo Ceschiatti, Athos Bulcão, Marianne Peretti, Alfredo Volpi, Di Cavalcanti, Victor Brecheret and Burle Marx, whose works have been integrated into the city’s architecture, making it a unique landscape. For the ACF Fiorentina manager see Bruno Giorgi (manager Bruno Giorgi ( 13 August 1905, Mococa – 1993 Athos Bulcão ( July 2 1918 &ndash July 31 2008) was a Brazilian painter and sculptor Alfredo Volpi ( April 14, 1896 - May 28, 1988) was a famous painter of the artistic and cultural Brazilian Modernist movement Emiliano Augusto Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Melo ( September 6, 1897 – October 26, 1976) known as Di Cavalcanti, was a Brazilian Victor Brecheret ( February 22, 1894 - December 17, 1955) was an Italian-Brazilian sculptor. Roberto Burle Marx ( August 4, 1909, São Paulo - June 4, 1994, Rio de Janeiro

As a venue for political events, music performances and movie festivals, Brasília is a cosmopolitan city, with around 90 embassies, a wide range of restaurants and complete infrastructure ready to host any kind of event. Not surprisingly, the city stands out as an important business tourism destination, which is an important part of the local economy, with dozens of hotels spread around the national capital.

Panoramic picture of Brasília from the TV tower

Climate

The national capital’s climate is tropical savanna according to Köppen's classification, with seasons being defined according to the degree of humidity of the air: one season is dry and colder, while the other one is humid and warm. In its most general sense a panorama is any wide view of a physical space Tropical and subtropical grasslands savannas and shrublands are a Grassland Biome located in Semi-arid to semi- Humid Climate regions The average temperature is 20. 5°C (69°F)^[5] September has the highest average maximum temperature, 28°C (82. 9°F), and July has the lowest average maximum temperature, 25°C (77. 2°F). The lowest minimum average temperature is in July, at 13°C (55. 2°F) and the highest minimum average temperatures are during November and December, 18°C (63. 5°F). Those, however, are monthly averages, temperatures sometimes fall outside of this range. The absolute minimum temperature recorded was 1. 6°C (34°F) and the absolute maximum was 34. 7°C (94. 46°F).

World Heritage Site

Brasília*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Brasília's Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady Aparecida by Oscar Niemeyer
State Party	Brazil
Type	Cultural
Criteria	i, iv
Reference	445
Region†	South America
Inscription history
Inscription	1987  (11th Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Brazilian capital is the only city in the world built in the 20th century to be awarded (in 1987) the status of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, a specialized agency of the United Nations. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Our Lady of Aparecida (also written as Our Lady Aparecida is the Patron saint of Brazil, represented by a statue of the Virgin Mary located in the Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security

Economy

Brasília's economy is dominated by

(a) services (91% of local GDP, according to the IBGE):

1. government (the public sector is by far the largest employer, accounting for around 40% of the city jobs. Government jobs include all levels, from the federal police to diplomacy, from the transportation bureau to the armed forces);
2. communications (Brasil Telecom's HQ, public and private T. Brasil Telecom SA (BrT ( Bovespa: BRTP3 / BRTP4( NYSE: BRP is a major Brazilian Telecommunications company headquartered in the Brazilian V. stations including regional offices of Globo, SBT, Rede Bandeirantes, Rede Record, RedeTV! and the main offices of TV câmara, TV Senado and TV Justiça),
3. banking and finance (headquarters of the Banco do Brasil, the Caixa Econômica Federal, the Brazilian Central Bank, the Banco Rural and the Banco de Brasília, among others),
4. entertainment,
5. information technology (Politec, Poliedro, CTIS, among others), and
6. legal services. Rede Globo ( English: Globo Network, better known as TV Globo, Globo TV or simply Globo) is a Brazilian television network Rede Bandeirantes ( English: Bandeirantes Network) officially nicknamed Band, is a Television network from Brazil, Rede Record (in English, Record Network) is a Brazilian Television network. RedeTV! or TV Ômega Ltda (Portuguese for TV!Network) is a Brazilian television network hosted in São Paulo Banco do Brasil SA ( English: Bank of Brazil; BOV: BBAS3SA is a major Brazilian bank headquartered in Brasília. Caixa Econômica Federal, also referred to as CAIXA is a Brazilian Bank, one of the largest government-owned financial institutions in Latin America The Brazilian Central Bank ( Banco Central do Brasil) is Brazil 's highest monetary authority in and the country's This is a list of major companies based in Brazil. Please note that the list is highly incomplete and does not have thousands of companies of different sizes This is a list of major companies based in Brazil. Please note that the list is highly incomplete and does not have thousands of companies of different sizes Politec is an IT Outsourcing service provider based in Brazil.

(b) industries in the city include:

1. Construction (Paulo Octavio, Via Construções, and Irmãos Gravia among others),
2. Food processing(Perdigão, Sadia),
3. Furniture Making,
4. recycling (Novo Rio, Rexam, Latasa and others),
5. pharmaceuticals (União Química), and
6. printing and publishing. Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials reduce Rexam PLC ( is a leading British provider of Plastic Packaging solutions and manufacturer of beverage cans. A drug, broadly speaking is any chemical substance that when absorbed into the body

The main agricultural products produced in the city are coffee, guavas, strawberries, oranges, lemons, papayas, soy beans and mangoes. It has over 110,000 cows and it exports wood products worldwide.

Federal District, where Brasilia is located, GDP is about US$69,844 billion, according to the IBGE. Its share of Brazilian GDP is 3. 8%^[6]

Federal District has the largest per capita income of Brazil (about US$ 27,610 per person, according to the IBGE). The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Gehjgygmmliografia e Estatística is the agency responsible for Statistical Brasília per capita income is believed to be much higher.

Brasília hosts a wide range of services such as hospitals, schools, fitness clubs, clubs, colleges, restaurants, cafes, etc. These services are, however, unevenly distributed.

Infrastructure

Energy consumption in Brasilia was 924 (gwh), the industrial 337(gwh), residential 1,241(gwh). The total energy consumption was 3,319 (gwh).

The railways system is not well developed, with only 36 km of track. A fast-track train connecting Brasília to Goiânia was considered a few years ago but so far nothing has happened. Goiânia (gɔɪˈɑniə is the capital and the largest city in the state of Goiás. Brasília has a small subway system (41 km long). At the Federal District as of 2006, there were approximately 1 million vehicles running, for a population of about 2. 455 million (according to IBGE).

There is a TV tower (224 meters high) located in the heart of the city.

Accommodation

The city’s planned design included specific areas for almost everything, including accommodation – Hotels Sectors North and South. New hotel facilities area being developed elsewhere, such as the hotels and tourism Sector North, located on the shores of Lake Paranoá. Lake Paranoá, or Lago do Paranoá, is an Artificial lake that is located in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. Brasilia offers modern and comfortable hotels, including hotels managed by international chains; but it also offers cozy and modest inns, pensions and hostels. Brasilia receives visitors from the whole of Brazil and the world, it offers a good range of restaurants with great diversity of food; from simple small restaurants, serving the authentic food of Central-Western areas of Brazil, to selected bistros.

Government palaces

Ministries Esplanade on the Monumental Axis. The Monumental Axis ("Eixo Monumental" in Portuguese) is a central Avenue in Brasília 's city design

Monumental Axis

At the end of the Monumental Axis lies the Ministries Esplanade, an open area in downtown Brasília. The Monumental Axis ("Eixo Monumental" in Portuguese) is a central Avenue in Brasília 's city design The rectangular lawn area is surrounded by two eight-lane wide avenues where many important government buildings, monuments and memorials are located. This is the main body of the "airplane" shape of the city, as planned by Lúcio Costa. It resembles the National Mall, in Washington, D.C.. The National Mall is an open-area National park in Downtown Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D

National Congress

The National Congress Building. Brazil 's bicameral National Congress ( Congresso Nacional) consists of Senate of Brazil (the Upper house) and the Chamber of

Brazil's bicameral National Congress consists of the Senate of Brazil (the upper house) and the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil (the lower house). In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral Brazil 's bicameral National Congress ( Congresso Nacional) consists of Senate of Brazil (the Upper house) and the Chamber of In its present configuration the Federal Brazilian Senate ( Portuguese: Senado Federal Brasileiro) is a federal legislative body and the Upper house An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil ( Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the Lower house of the National Congress of A lower house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Upper house. Since the 1960s, the National Congress has its seat in Brasília. As with most of the official buildings in the city, it was designed by Oscar Niemeyer following the style of modern Brazilian architecture. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important The semisphere to the left is the seat of the Senate, and the semisphere to the right is the seat of the Chamber of the Deputies. Between them there are two towers of offices. The Congress also occupies other surrounding buildings, some of them interconnected by a tunnel.

The building is located in the middle of the Monumental axis, the main avenue of the capital. The Monumental Axis ("Eixo Monumental" in Portuguese) is a central Avenue in Brasília 's city design In front of it there is a large lawn and a reflecting pool. The building faces the Praça dos Três Poderes, where the Palácio do Planalto and the Supremo Tribunal Federal are located. Praça dos Três Poderes ( Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília, the Capital of Brazil. The Palácio do Planalto (English " Palace of the Plateau " is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. The Supreme Federal Court ( Portuguese: Supremo Tribunal Federal or STF) is the Supreme court (court of last resort of Brazil

It is interesting to note that this building also served as a model for the Empire State Plaza in Albany NY, USA.

Palácio da Alvorada

The Palácio da Alvorada. The Palácio da Alvorada ( English: Palace of Dawn) is the Official residence of the President of Brazil.

The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of the President of Brazil. The Palácio da Alvorada ( English: Palace of Dawn) is the Official residence of the President of Brazil. The President of Brazil is both the Head of state and Head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The palace was designed, along with the rest of the city of Brasília, by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important

One of the first structures built in the republic's new capital city, the "Alvorada" lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake Paranoá. Lake Paranoá, or Lago do Paranoá, is an Artificial lake that is located in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. The principles of simplicity and modernity, that in the past characterized the great works of architecture, motivated Niemeyer. Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the The viewer has an impression of looking at a glass box, softly landed on the ground with the support of thin external columns.

The building has an area of 7,000 m2 and three floors: basement, landing and second floor. The auditorium, kitchen, laundry, medical center, and the administration are at basement level. The rooms used by the presidency for official receptions are on the landing. There are four suites, two apartments and other private rooms on the second floor which is the residential part of the palace.

The building also has a library, a heated Olympic-sized swimming pool, a music room, two dining rooms and various meeting rooms. There is a chapel and heliport in adjacent buildings .

Palácio do Planalto

The Palácio do Planalto. The Palácio do Planalto (English " Palace of the Plateau " is the official workplace of the President of Brazil.

The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. The Palácio do Planalto (English " Palace of the Plateau " is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. The President of Brazil is both the Head of state and Head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília. Praça dos Três Poderes ( Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília, the Capital of Brazil. As the seat of government, the term "o Planalto" is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of the government. Politics of Brazil takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of Brazil In Rhetoric, metonymy (mɨˈtɒnɨmi is the use of a word for a concept or object associated with the concept/object originally denoted by the word

The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palácio do Planalto. The President and his family, however, do not live in it; the official residence of the President is the Palácio da Alvorada. The Palácio da Alvorada ( English: Palace of Dawn) is the Official residence of the President of Brazil. Besides the President, senior advisors also have offices in the "Planalto", including the Vice-President of Brazil and the Chief of Staff; the other Ministries are laid along the Esplanada dos Ministérios. The Vice-President of Brazil is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil after the President The Chief of Staff of the Presidency of the Republic ( Portuguese: Chefe da Casa Civil da Presidência da República) is the highest-ranking member of the The Monumental Axis ("Eixo Monumental" in Portuguese) is a central Avenue in Brasília 's city design

The architect of the Palácio do Planalto was Oscar Niemeyer, the "creator" of most of the important buildings in the new capital of Brasília. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important The idea was to project an image of simplicity and modernity using fine lines and waves to compose the columns and exterior structures.

The Palace is four stories high, and has an area of 36,000 m². Four other adjacent buildings are also part of the complex.

Cultural Complex of the Republic

The Cultural Complex of the Republic. The Cultural Complex of the Republic ("Complexo Cultural da República" in Portuguese) is a cultural center located

The Cultural Complex of the Republic ("Complexo Cultural da República" in Portuguese) is a cultural center located along the Monumental Axis, in the city of Brasília. The Cultural Complex of the Republic ("Complexo Cultural da República" in Portuguese) is a cultural center located Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The Monumental Axis ("Eixo Monumental" in Portuguese) is a central Avenue in Brasília 's city design It is formed by the National Library of Brasília and the National Museum of the Republic'.

The National Library of Brasília (Biblioteca Nacional de Brasília in Portuguese) occupies an area of 14,000 m², consisting of reading and study rooms, auditorium and a collection of over 300,000 items. M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here

The National Museum of the Republic (Museu Nacional da República in Portuguese) consists of a 14,500 m² exhibit area, two 780-seat auditoriums, and a laboratory. The space is mainly used to display temporary art exhibits.

Paranoá Lake

Paranoá Lake is a giant artificial lake built in order to increase the amount of water available to the region. Lake Paranoá, or Lago do Paranoá, is an Artificial lake that is located in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. It holds the second largest marina in Brazil, and is home to the capital's wakeboard and windsurf practitioners. For other uses of this word see Marina (disambiguation. A marina is a sheltered Harbor where Boats and Yachts Wakeboarding is a surface Water sport which involves riding a wakeboard over the surface of a body of water behind a boat Windsurfing is a surface water sport using a windsurf board also commonly called a sailboard usually two to five meters long and powered by a single sail

The Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge.

Juscelino Kubitschek bridge

The Juscelino Kubitschek bridge, also known as the 'President JK Bridge' or the 'JK Bridge', crosses Lake Paranoá in Brasília. The Juscelino Kubitschek Bridge (Ponte Juscelino Kubitschek also known as the President JK Bridge or just the JK Bridge, crosses Lake Paranoá in Lake Paranoá, or Lago do Paranoá, is an Artificial lake that is located in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. It is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, former president of Brazil. Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira (JK ( September 12, 1902 – August 22, 1976) was a prominent Brazilian politician who was The President of Brazil is both the Head of state and Head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. It was designed by architect Alexandre Chan and structural engineer Mário Vila Verde. Chan won the Gustav Lindenthal Medal ^[7] for this project at the 2003 International Bridge Conference in Pittsburgh due to ". . . outstanding achievement demonstrating harmony with the environment, aesthetic merit and successful community participation".

It consists of three 60 m (200 ft) tall asymmetrical steel arches that crisscross diagonally. With a length of 1,200 m (0. 75 miles), it was completed in 2002 at a cost of US$56. 8 million. The bridge has a pedestrian walkway and is accessible to bicyclists and skaters.

Praça dos Três Poderes

The Supreme Federal Tribunal at the Praça dos Três Poderes. The Supreme Federal Court ( Portuguese: Supremo Tribunal Federal or STF) is the Supreme court (court of last resort of Brazil

Praça dos Três Poderes (Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília. Praça dos Três Poderes ( Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília, the Capital of Brazil. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The name is derived from the encounter of the three federal branches around the plaza: the Executive, represented by the Palácio do Planalto (presidential office); the Legislative, represented by the Congresso Nacional (National Congress); and the Judicial branch, represented by the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Supreme Federal Court). In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. The Palácio do Planalto (English " Palace of the Plateau " is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Brazil 's bicameral National Congress ( Congresso Nacional) consists of Senate of Brazil (the Upper house) and the Chamber of In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State The Supreme Federal Court ( Portuguese: Supremo Tribunal Federal or STF) is the Supreme court (court of last resort of Brazil

It is a tourist attraction in Brasília. It was designed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer as a place where the three branches of the Republic would meet harmonically. Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important

Cathedral of Brasília

The Cathedral of Brasília in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the architect Oscar Niemeyer. The Cathedral of Brasília ( Catedral Metropolitana Nossa Senhora Aparecida) in the capital of the Federative Republic of Brazil, is an expression of the Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important This concrete-framed hyperboloid structure, seems with its glass roof to be reaching up, open, to heaven. Hyperboloid structures are Architectural structures designed with Hyperboloid Geometry. On 31 May 1970, the Cathedral’s structure was finished, and only the 70 m diameter of the circular area were visible. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Niemeyer's project of Cathedral of Brasília is based in the hyperboloid of revolution which sections are asymmetric. In Mathematics, a hyperboloid is a Quadric, a type of surface in three Dimensions described by the equation {x^2 \over a^2} + The hyperboloid structure itself is a result of 16 identical assembled concrete columns. Hyperboloid structures are Architectural structures designed with Hyperboloid Geometry. These columns, having hyperbolic section and weighing 90 t, represent two hands moving upwards to heaven. The Cathedral was dedicated on 31 May 1970. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Culture

In the 1960 census there were almost 140,000 residents in the new Federal District; by 1970 this figure had grown to more than 537,000. In 2000 the population of the Brazilian Federal District was more than two million. The Federal District ( Portuguese: Distrito Federal   is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. Brasília's inhabitants include a foreign population of mostly embassies workers as well as large numbers of Brazilian migrants.

Traditional parties also take place throughout the year. In June, there are large festivals celebrating Catholic saints, such as Saint Anthony and Saint Peter, that are called "festas juninas", or June festival. Saint Anthony the Great (c 251–356 also known as Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Festa Junina, typically termed São João (Saint John as it is centered on that saint's day is the name of annual Throughout the year there are local, national and international events spread through the city. Christmas is widely celebrated, and New Years Eve usually hosts major events. New Year's Eve is on December 31, the final day of the Gregorian year and the day before New Year's Day.

Sports

Soccer

Brasília is home to two major football teams:

• Brasiliense Futebol Clube from Taguatinga
• Sociedade Esportiva do Gama

The main football stadiums are the Estádio Mané Garrincha and the Serejão. Brasiliense Futebol Clube, also known as Brasiliense, is a Brazilian football team from Distrito Federal. Gama is a Brazilian football team from Gama in Distrito Federal, founded on November 15, 1975. Estádio Mané Garrincha is a multi-use Stadium in Brasilia, Brazil. Estádio Elmo Serejo Farias, usually known as Serejão or Estádio Boca do Jacaré, is a Football (soccer Stadium in Taguatinga,

Brasília is one of the 18 remaining candidates to host games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the host. The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld

Social data

Brasília has one of the highest growth rates in Brazil. Its population increases by 2. 82% each year. The vegetation surrounding the city is called "cerrado", the South American savanna. The main rivers surrounding the city are called Preto, Santo Antônio do Descoberto and São Bartolomeu.

The Human Development Index in the city is at 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 936 (developed nation level), and the illiteracy rate is around 4. 35%.

Education

National Library of Brasília.

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution

Educational institutions

• Universidade de Brasília - University of Brasília - (UnB)
• Universidade Católica de Brasília - Catholic University of Brasília - (UCB)
• Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB)
• Centro Universitário do Distrito Federal (UniDF)
• Centro Universitário Euroamericano (UNIEURO)
• Instituto de Educação Superior de Brasília (IESB)
• União Pioneira da Integração Social (UPIS)
• Universidade Paulista (UniP)

Transportation

Airport

• Brasília International Airport - President Juscelino Kubitschek (BSB/SBBR) serves the metropolitan area with major domestic and international flights. The University of Brasília (in Portuguese: Universidade de Brasília, known simply as UnB) is one of the largest and one of the most prestigious The Catholic University of Brasília is located in Brasilia, capital of Brazil, and is administered by UBEC (Brasilian Association for education and culture founded This is a list of universities in Brazil, divided by states. Acre Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC This is a list of universities in Brazil, divided by states. Acre Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC This is a list of universities in Brazil, divided by states. Acre Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC This is a list of universities in Brazil, divided by states. Acre Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC This is a list of universities in Brazil, divided by states. Acre Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC This is a list of universities in Brazil, divided by states. Acre Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC Brasília International Airport - President Juscelino Kubitschek is Brasília 's international Airport.

Aerial view of Brasília International Airport (BSB). Brasília International Airport - President Juscelino Kubitschek is Brasília 's international Airport.

It is the third busiest Brazilian airport based on passengers and aircraft movements^[8]. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Because of its strategic location it is a civil aviation hub for the rest of the country. This makes for a large number of takeoffs and landings and it is not unusual for flights to be delayed in the holding pattern before landing. Following the airport's master plan, Infraero built a second runway, which was finished in 2006. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Infraero is a Brazilian Government corporation created in 1970 and responsible for administering the main Brazilian commercial airports In 2007, the airport handled 11,119,872 passengers^[8]. The main building's third floor, with 12 thousand square meters, has a panoramic deck, a food court, shops, four movie theaters with total capacity of 500 people, and space for exhibitions. A food court is a plaza that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue There are 136 shop spaces at Brasília Airport.

Metro

Brasília Metro is Brasília's underground metro system. Brasilia Metro is the metro system in Brasília. It is operated by Metro-DF (Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal and was opened in 2001 At the moment, you can go from Brasilia city centre to Guara, Taguatinga, Aguas Claras, Samambaia and Ceilandia (nearby cities).

Famous places nearby

Nearby attractions include:

• Chapada dos Veadeiros - A National Park with plenty of cerrado wildlife and surrounded by several spectacular waterfalls.
• Itiquira Falls - this beautiful 168 m-high waterfall is little more than 100 km from Brasília and is in the municipality of Formosa, Goiás
• Caldas Novas - The biggest natural hot springs resort of the world. The Itiquira Falls are Waterfalls in Brazil. They are located 34 kilometers north of Formosa in the state of Goiás and 115 kilometers from You may be looking for Formoso. Formosa is a City and Municipality located in the state of Goiás, Brazil Location Caldas Novas is located 170 km south of state capital Goiânia, with good roads linking to that city Located about 360 km (225mi) southeast of the city in the state of Goiás. Goiás (goˈjajs is a state of Brazil, located in the central part of the country

Notable people in Brasília

See List of notable people in Brasília

Sister cities

List of sister cities, designated by Sister Cities International:

• Rome, Italy
• Washington, D.C., United States

See also

• Flag of the Brazilian Federal District
• Coat of arms of the Brazilian Federal District
• List of World Heritage Sites in the Americas
• Lúcio Costa
• Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira
• Roberto Burle Marx
• Oscar Niemeyer
• Pakistan’s capital Islamabad, also a purpose-built in the 1960’s

References

External links

• Brasília travel guide from Wikitravel
• About Brasilia
• Brasília e Região Convention & Visitors Bureau
• (Portuguese) Official Brasília site
• (Portuguese) GuiaBSB - The digital guide of Brasília
• (Portuguese) About Brasilia
• (Portuguese) - Metro Company of Brasília
• Photos of Brasília

• Brasília is at coordinates 15°48′S 47°54′W / -15.8, -47.9 (Brasília)Coordinates: 15°48′S 47°54′W / -15.8, -47.9 (Brasília)