Brandenburg Gate - Citizendia

The Brandenburg Gate

The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor) is a former city gate and one of the main symbols of Berlin, Germany. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is located between the Pariser Platz and the Platz des 18. Pariser Platz is a square in the center of Berlin, Germany, situated by the Brandenburg Gate at the end of the März and is the only remaining gate of a series through which one formerly entered Berlin. One block to its north lies the Reichstag. The Reichstag building in Berlin was constructed to house the Reichstag, the first Parliament of the German Empire. The Gate constitutes the monumental termination of Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal residence. Unter den Linden ("under the linden trees" is a Boulevard in the centre of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Tilia is a Genus of about 30 species of Trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in Asia (where the greatest The Stadtschloss (Berliner Stadtschloss rendered in English as Berlin City Palace) was a royal palace in the centre of Berlin, capital of Germany It was commissioned by Friedrich Wilhelm II as a sign of peace and built by Carl Gotthard Langhans from 1788 to 1791. Frederick William II (Friedrich Wilhelm II September 25 1744 &ndash November 16 1797) was the fourth King of Prussia, reigning from Carl Gotthard Langhans ( December 15, 1732 &ndash October 1, 1808) was a Prussian builder and Architect.

1 Design and history
2 Location
3 Historical photographs
4 See also
5 External links

Design and history

The Brandenburg Gate consists of twelve Doric columns, six to each side, forming five entries to corresponding roadways. The Doric order was one of the three '''orders''' or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or Classical architecture; the other two Canonical Citizens originally were allowed to use only the outer two. Atop the gate is the Quadriga, with Viktoria, the Roman goddess of victory driving the Quadriga. SpecialContributions/ --> A quadriga ( Latin quadri-, four and jungere, to yoke is a car In Roman mythology, Victoria was the personification/Goddess of victory The Quadriga currently faces East.

The Gate's design is based upon the Propylaea, the gateway to the Acropolis in Athens, Greece and is consistent with Berlin's history of architectural classicism (first, Baroque, and then neo-Palladian). A Propylaea, Propylea or Propylaia (in Greek &mdash Προπυλαια is any monumental Gateway based on the original Propylaea that serves Acropolis (Gr akros akron edge extremity + polis city pl acropoleis Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία For the works or study of works from classical antiquity see Classics Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE --> Palladian architecture is a European style of Architecture derived from the designs of the Italian The Gate was the first "Athens on the River Spree" by architect Karl Gotthard von Langhans. The capital Quadriga was made by Johann Gottfried Schadow. SpecialContributions/ --> A quadriga ( Latin quadri-, four and jungere, to yoke is a car Johann Gottfried Schadow ( May 20 1764 - January 27 1850) was a German sculptor.

Napoleon in Berlin.

The Brandenburg Gate's design has remained essentially unchanged since its completion even as it has played different political roles in German history. After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon took the Quadriga to Paris. The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older name Auerstädt were fought on October 14, 1806 on the plateau west of the river Saale Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city After Napoleon's defeat in 1814 and the Prussian Parisian occupation by General Ernst von Pfuel, the Quadriga was restored to Berlin; and Viktoria's olive wreath was exchanged for the Iron Cross, so that she became Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. Ernst Heinrich Adolf von Pfuel ( November 3, 1779 December 3, 1866) was a Prussian General. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia In Greek mythology, Nike ( Greek Νίκη níːkɛː meaning Victory) was a Goddess who personified Triumph

When the Nazis ascended to power they used the Gate as their symbol. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The Gate survived World War II and was one of the few structures standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 (another being the Academy of Fine Arts). Following Germany's surrender and the end of the second world war, the governments of East Berlin and West Berlin restored it in a joint effort. East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Vehicles and pedestrians could again travel freely through the gate, until August 1961 when the Berlin Wall was erected. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including The wall and its fortified death strip ran just west of the gate, cutting off access from West Berlin and essentially rendering it off limits to East Berliners. At that time, the Quadriga was turned toward the East.

In 1963, U. S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of The Soviets hung large banners across it to prevent him looking into the East. In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsäcker said: The German question will remain open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed. Richard Karl Freiherr von Weizsäcker (born April 15 1920) is a German politician ( CDU)

On June 12, 1987, U. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Addressing CPSU General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, Reagan said,

“

General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!

”

When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the Berlin Wall collapsed, the Gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the City of Berlin. " Tear down this wall! " was the famous challenge from United States President Ronald Reagan to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to destroy "Fall of Communism" redirects here For the fall of the Soviet Union itself see History of the Soviet Union (1985–1991. On the 22nd of December 1989, the Brandenburg Gate re-opened when Helmut Kohl, the West German Chancellor, walked through to be greeted by Hans Modrow, the East German Prime Minister. Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born 3 April 1930 is a German conservative politician and statesman Hans Modrow (born January 27, 1928) is a German politician best known as the last Communist premier of East Germany.

On July 12, 1994, U. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) S. President Bill Clinton spoke at the Gate about peace in post-Cold War Europe. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States

On December 21, 2000, the Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished at a 6 million dollar cost. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

The Brandenburg Gate is now again closed for vehicle traffic, and much of Pariser Platz has been turned into a cobblestone pedestrian zone. Cobblestones are stones that were frequently used in the pavement of early Streets "Cobblestone" is derived from the very old English word "cob" Car-free zones (also known as auto-free zones and pedestrian zones) are areas of a city or town in which automobile traffic is prohibited

Location

Street map of the Brandenburg Gate's location (GlobalGuide)

Historical photographs

Napoleon in Berlin. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.	The Brandenburg Gate in 1871	The Brandenburg Gate on the day construction of the Berlin Wall began, August 13, 1961	From the East-Side 1968 the "Baby Wall" with flowers was the nearest point for visitors. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
The Brandenburg Gate in 1982 viewed from the East Berlin side. East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990 Behind the gate is the Berlin Wall and in the foreground is the rail that was accessible from East Berlin. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including	Ronald Reagan giving a speech on June 12, 1987	A crane removing a section of the Berlin Wall beside the Brandenburg Gate in Dec 1989. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including	The Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989
The Quadriga atop the Brandenburg Gate	The Brandenburg Gate appears on the obverse of the 50, 20 and 10 cent German euro coins