Bouvet Island Native name: Bouvetøya
Geography
Location	South-Atlantic Ocean
Coordinates	54°26′S 3°24′E / -54.433, 3.4
Area	49 km², (93% glaciated)
Highest point	Olavtoppen 780 m (2,559 ft)
Administration
Norway
Demographics
Population	0

Bouvet Island (Norwegian: Bouvetøya, also historically known as Liverpool Island or Lindsay Island) is an uninhabited sub-antarctic volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa). Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya also historically known as Liverpool Island or Lindsay Island) is an uninhabited Sub-antarctic volcanic Island The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language The Subantarctic is a region in the Southern Hemisphere immediately north of Antarctica and covering the many islands of the southern parts of the Indian Ocean An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant The Cape of Good Hope ( Afrikaans: Kaap die Goeie Hoop, Kaap de Goede Hoop Cabo da Boa Esperança Persian Language: دماغه امید نیک The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa It is a dependent area of Norway and is not subject to the Antarctic Treaty. A dependent territory dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political Independence or Sovereignty as a Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System or ATS, regulate International relations with respect to

Geography

Bouvet Island is located at 54°26′S 3°24′E / -54.433, 3.4. It is 49 km² in area, 93% of which is covered by glaciers which block the south and east coasts. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of "Glacial" and "Glaciation" redirect here For the geological periods see Glacial period. ^[1]

Bouvet Island is the most remote island in the world. This is a list of lists of extreme points of Earth, the points that are farther North, South, East or West than any other locations on the The nearest land is Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, over 1,600 km (1,000 miles) away to the south, which is itself uninhabited. Queen Maud Land is an English translation of Dronning Maud Land, the official name in use by Norwegian authorities and British Antarctic Survey on the part of

It has no ports or harbours, only offshore anchorages, and is therefore difficult to approach. The waves have created a very steep coast. The easiest way to access the island is with a helicopter from a ship. The glaciers form a thick ice layer falling in high cliffs into the sea or onto the black beaches of volcanic sand. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The 29. 6 km (18. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand 4 miles) of coastline are often surrounded by an ice pack. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The highest point on the island is called Olavtoppen, whose peak is 780 m (2,559 ft) above sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit A lava shelf on the island's west coast, which appeared between 1955 and 1958, provides a nesting site for birds. Lava is molten rock expelled by a Volcano during an eruption When first expelled from a volcanic vent it is a Liquid at Temperatures Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Because of the harsh climate and ice-bound terrain, vegetation is limited to lichens and mosses. Seals, seabirds and penguins are the only fauna.

Despite being uninhabited, Bouvet Island has the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) .bv, though it is not used. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Country codes are short alphabetic or numeric geographical Codes ( Geocodes developed to represent countries and dependent areas for use in data processing A country ^[2] A handful of amateur radio expeditions have gone to this remote location (call signs used here begin with 3Y). Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a Hobby and a service in which participants called "hams" use various types of Radio communications In Broadcasting and Radio communications a call sign (also known as a callsign or call letters, or abbreviated as a call, or otherwise There is no telephone country code or area code, and no telephone connection (except by satellite, but there is nothing installed). A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks There is no postal code and no postal distribution. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a Ships approaching the Bouvet Island fall within the UTC Z time zone. There is a Norwegian law saying that the time zone of Norwegian territory is UTC+1, except for a part of year (daylight saving time) . ^[3] This means that the legal time zone is UTC+1 for the Bouvet Island, like Jan Mayen which is located in the UTC-1 nautical time zone, but also has UTC+1. Jan Mayen Island is a 55 km (34 miles long (southwest-northeast and 373 km² (144  mi²) in area Arctic Volcanic island in the

Southeast coast of Bouvet Island, 1898

Aerial photo

History

Bouvet Island was discovered on January 1, 1739, by Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, who commanded the French ships Aigle and Marie. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Jean Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier ( January 14, 1705 - 1786 was a French Sailor, Explorer, and governor of the Mascarene This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. However, the island's position was not accurately fixed having been placed eight degrees to the east, and Bouvet did not circumnavigate his discovery, so it remained unclear whether it was an island or part of a continent. ^[4]

In 1772, Captain James Cook left South Africa on a mission to find the island. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and However, when arriving at 54°S, 11°E where Bouvet had said he sighted the island, nothing was to be seen. Captain Cook assumed that Bouvet had taken an iceberg for an island, and he abandoned the search. ^[5]

The island was not sighted again until 1808, when it was spotted by James Lindsay, the captain of the Enderby Company whaler Snow Swan. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year For other uses see Whalers. A whaler is a specialized kind of ship designed for Whaling, the catching and/or processing of Though he didn't land, he was the first to correctly fix the island's position. During this time the island was sometimes referred to as Lindsay Island, though it was not then completely certain that it was the same island as Bouvet had sighted.

The first successful landfall dates to December 1822, when Captain Benjamin Morrell of the sealer Wasp landed, hunting for seals. Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Pinnipeds ("fin-feet" lit "winged feet" or fin-footed mammals are a widely distributed and diverse group of semi-aquatic marine Mammals comprising He took several seal skins.

On December 10, 1825, Captain Norris, master of the Enderby Company whalers Sprightly and Lively, landed on the island, named it Liverpool Island, and claimed it for the British Crown. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy Again, it was not known with certainty at the time that this was the same island found previously. He also reported sighting a second island nearby, which he named Thompson Island. Thompson Island is a Phantom island in the South Atlantic. According to the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution, it was supposed No trace of this island now remains.

In 1898, the German Valdivia expedition of Carl Chun visited the island but did not land. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Carl Chun ( October 1, 1852 – April 11, 1914) was a German marine Biologist.

The first extended stay on the island was in 1927, when the Norwegian "Norvegia" crew stayed for about a month; this is the basis for the claim by "Norvegia" expedition leader Lars Christensen on behalf of Norway, who have named the island Bouvet Island (Bouvetøya in Norwegian). Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Lars Christensen was a Norwegian shipowner and Whaling Magnate with a keen interest in the exploration of Antarctica. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional ^[6] The island was annexed on December 1, 1927, by a Royal Norwegian Decree of January 23, 1928, Bouvetøya became a Norwegian Territory. Annexation ( Latin ad, to and nexus, joining is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom waived its claim in favor of Norway the following year. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In 1930 a Norwegian act was passed that made the island a dependent area subject to the sovereignty of the Kingdom (but not a part of the Kingdom). Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself

In 1964, an abandoned lifeboat was discovered on the island, along with various supplies; however, the lifeboat's passengers were never found. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. A lifeboat is a small craft carried on a ship to provide a means of emergency evacuation in the event of a disaster aboard the ship ^[7]

In 1971, Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters were designated a nature reserve. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was some interest from South Africa to establish a weather station, but conditions were deemed to be too hostile. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The island remains uninhabited, although an automated weather station was set up there in 1977 by the Norwegians. A weather station is a facility with instruments and equipment to make observations of atmospheric conditions in order to provide information to make weather forecasts Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays

On September 22, 1979, a satellite recorded a flash of light (which was later interpreted as having been caused by a nuclear bomb explosion or natural event such as a meteor) in a stretch of the southern Indian Ocean between Bouvet Island and Prince Edward Islands. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface The Prince Edward Islands are two small islands in the Sub-antarctic Indian Ocean that are politically part of South Africa. This flash, since dubbed the Vela Incident, is still not completely resolved. The Vela Incident (sometimes referred to as the South Atlantic Flash) was an as-yet unidentified double flash of Light detected by a United States ^[8]

On October 19, 2007, the Norwegian Institute of Polar Research announced that satellite photos no longer show the research station built on the island in 1994. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) It is believed that the uninhabited station has been blown out to sea by the wind. An earthquake in the area in 2006 supposedly weakened the building's base, and is believed to have made it more exposed to the powerful winter storms in the area. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. An unmanned weather station on the island is reportedly still intact. ^[9]

Bouvet Island in fiction

• Bouvet is the setting of the 2004 movie Alien vs. Predator, in which it is referred to using its Norwegian name "Bouvetøya" even though in the unrated edition of the film, a satellite focuses in on the island which is geographically situated in the approximate location of Peter I Island. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Alien vs Predator (also known as AVP) is a Science fiction film released in 2004 by 20th Century Fox. Peter I Island (in Norwegian Peter I Øy) is a volcanic Island located near Antarctica.
• The island figures prominently in the book A Grue of Ice (also published as "The Disappearing Island") by Geoffrey Jenkins. Geoffrey Jenkins ( June 16 1920 Pretoria, South Africa - November 7 2001) was a South African Novelist It also features in "Warhead" by Andy Remic

See also

• Sub-antarctic islands
• List of islands of Norway
• .bv (Internet top-domain code for Bouvet Island)

References

• LeMasurier, W. Andy Remic is a UK born author of thrillers Science fiction and Military science fiction. This is a List of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic islands. Sub-Antarctic islands are Islands in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica north of the Antarctic Islands on the mainland of Norway For an exhaustive list ordered by name see List of islands of Norway. E. ; Thomson, J. W. (eds. ) (1990). Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans. American Geophysical Union, 512 pp. The American Geophysical Union (or AGU) is a nonprofit organization of Geophysicists consisting of over 50000 members from over 135 countries ISBN 0-87590-172-7.  

External links

• Wikimedia Atlas of Bouvet Island
• Bouvet Island as seen from a Satellite
• Information on Bouvet Island
• Bouvet Island entry at The World Factbook
• Bouvet Island - Bouvetøya
• Bouvet Island at Infoplease
• 2000 Bouvet Island amateur radio expedition (3YØC)
• 1990 Bouvet Island amateur radio expedition (3Y5X)