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In the United Kingdom, the four Boundary Commissions are responsible for determining the boundaries of constituencies for national elections. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Borders define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions such as Governments States or subnational administrative A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty There is one Boundary Commission each for England, Scotland, Wales (Welsh: Comisiwn Ffiniau i Gymru), and Northern Ireland. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Commissions are currently established under the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986 (as amended by the Boundary Commissions Act 1992), although they were first established under early legislation after the Second World War. The Boundary Commissions will cease to exist after they complete their present review. Their functions will be transferred to the United Kingdom Electoral Commission. The Electoral Commission is a Non-departmental public body with powers in the United Kingdom, which was created by an Act of Parliament, the Political

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House of Commons elections

The Commissions conduct a review once every eight to twelve years. There are four members of each Commission, of which three actually take part in meetings. The Speaker of the House of Commons is the ex officio Chairman of each Boundary Commission, though he takes no actual part in the proceedings. The Deputy Chairman of a Commission, who actually presides over Commission meetings, is always a Justice in a British court.

Once in 8-12 years, the Commission conducts a complete review of all constituencies. In between general reviews, the Commission conducts interim reviews, considering one geographic area at a time. The interim reviews usually do not yield drastic changes in boundaries, while the general reviews often do. As of August 2007, the latest review was given effect by The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 2007, with the new boundaries to be used for the next general election. Leadership of the main parties David Cameron became Conservative leader in December 2005 replacing Michael Howard.

Under the rules established by Parliament, the number of constituencies in Great Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland) must not be "substantially greater or less" than 613, of which at least 35 must be in Wales. The City of London must not be partitioned and must be included in a seat that refers to it by name. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The Orkney and Shetland islands may not be combined with any other areas. Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Shetland (formerly spelled Zetland, from etland; Old Norse non Hjaltland; Sealtainn is an Archipelago off the northeast coast of Northern Ireland may include 16-18 constituencies.

Devolved parliaments and assemblies

The issue of elections to devolved parliaments and assemblies is reserved to the UK Parliament and the Boundary Commissions therefore are responsible for period reviews of these boundaries as well.

Considerations and process

The Boundary Commissions are required by law to take local government boundaries into account when determining constituencies. Local government in the United Kingdom is arranged into four different systems with one each for England Northern Ireland Scotland and Wales The Commissions, however, may choose to deviate from this requirement if failing to do so would cause some constituencies to be widely disparate in size.

Once the Commissions have made a report, the recommendations must be submitted to the Parliament. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Parliament may approve or reject these recommendations, but may not amend them. If Parliament approves the recommendations, then the sovereign makes an Order formalising the boundary changes. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy

See also

External links

The Electoral Affairs Commission of Hong Kong is an independent apolitical and impartial body established under the Electoral Affairs Commission Ordinance. The Boundary Commission was established by the Anglo-Irish Treaty that ended the Anglo-Irish War in 1921 The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of
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