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Bossa nova
Stylistic origins
Cultural origins
1957 (Rio de Janeiro's southside) - End: 1963
Typical instruments
Mainstream popularityWidely known in Brazil, also significant in the United States, Western Europe, Japan and the Philippines. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Samba ( is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. It is widely viewed as Brazil's national musical style Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers An electronic organ is an Electronic keyboard instrument originally designed to imitate the sound of a Pipe organ. A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP
Subgenres
Tropicalismo (Tropicalism)
Other topics
Bossa Nova (dance)
For other uses, see Bossa nova (disambiguation). Bossa nova was a Fad dance that corresponded to the Bossa nova music

Bossa nova (pronunciation (help·info)) is a style of Brazilian music popularized by Antônio Carlos Jobim , Vinicius de Moraes and João Gilberto. The Music of Brazil encompasses various regional Music styles influenced by African European and Amerindian forms Antonio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim ( January 25, 1927 in Rio de Janeiro &ndash December 8, 1994 in Brazil) also Vinicius de Moraes, nicknamed O Poetinha (the little poet ( October 19, 1913 - July 9, 1980) born Marcus Vinicius da Cruz João Gilberto (born João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira on June 10, 1931 in Juazeiro, Bahia) is a Grammy Award Bossa nova (which is Portuguese for "new trend") acquired a large following, initially by young musicians and college students[1]. Although the Bossa Nova movement only lasted six years (1958–63), it contributed a number of songs to the standard jazz repertoire. A jazz standard is a Jazz tune that is held in continuing esteem and which is widely known performed and recorded among jazz musicians as part of the jazz musical repertoire

Contents

Origins and history

The musical style evolved from samba but is more complex harmonically and is less percussive. Samba ( is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. It is widely viewed as Brazil's national musical style The influence on bossa nova of jazz styles such as cool jazz is often debated by historians and fans, but a similar "cool sensibility" is apparent. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Cool jazz is a Jazz style that emerged in the late 1940s in New York City. Bossa nova was developed in Brazil in 1958 by João Gilberto, with Elizete Cardoso's recording of Chega de Saudade on the Canção do Amor Demais LP. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Elizete Moreira Cardoso (often listed as Elizeth Cardoso) ( Rio de Janeiro, July 16, 1920 &ndash May 7, 1990) was "Chega de Saudade" (often translated to English as No More Blues) is considered the first Bossa nova song Elizete Cardoso 's 1958 album Canção do Amor Demais is officially considered the first Bossa nova album mostly because it was the first time João Gilberto Long play (LP record albums are 33⅓  Rpm vinyl Gramophone records (phonograph records generally either 10- or 12- Inches in diameter Composed by Vinícius de Moraes (lyrics) and Antonio Carlos Jobim (music). The song was soon after released by Gilberto himself.

The initial releases by Gilberto and the 1959 film Black Orpheus brought huge popularity in Brazil and elsewhere in Latin America, which spread to North America by way of visiting American jazz musicians. Black Orpheus ( Orfeu Negro in Portuguese) is a Film made in Brazil by French director Marcel Camus. The resulting recordings by Charlie Byrd and Stan Getz cemented its popularity and led to a worldwide boom with 1963's Getz/Gilberto, numerous recordings by famous jazz performers such as Ella Fitzgerald (Ella Abraça Jobim) and Frank Sinatra (Francis Albert Sinatra & Antônio Carlos Jobim), and the entrenchment of the bossa nova style as a lasting influence in world music for several decades and even up to the present. Charlie Lee Byrd ( September 16, 1925 – November 30, 1999) was a famous American Jazz and Classical guitarist born in Stanley Gayetzky ( February 2, 1927 in Philadelphia – June 6, 1991 in Malibu, California) usually known by Getz/Gilberto, is a Jazz Bossa nova album released in 1964 by the American saxophonist Stan Getz Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25 1917 &ndash June 15 1996 also known as " Lady Ella " and the "First Lady of Song" is considered one of the most influential Ella Abraça Jobim or Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Antonio Carlos Jobim Songbook is a 1981 studio album by Ella Fitzgerald, devoted to the Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra (December 12 1915 &ndash May 14 1998 was an American singer and actor Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim is a 1967 album (see 1967 in music) by Frank Sinatra, featuring Antonio Carlos Jobim.

The first bossa nova single was perhaps the most successful of all time: The Getz/Gilberto recording "The Girl From Ipanema" edited to include only the singing of Astrud Gilberto (Gilberto's then-wife). " The Girl from Ipanema " (" Garota de Ipanema " is a well-known Bossa nova Song, a worldwide hit in the mid-1960s that won a Grammy Astrud Gilberto (born March 29, 1940) is a Brazilian Singer best known for her Samba and Bossa nova music most famously The resulting fad was not unlike the disco craze of the 1970s. The genre would withstand substantial "watering down" by popular artists throughout the next four decades.

An early influence of bossa nova was the song "Dans mon île" by French singer Henri Salvador, featured in a 1957 Italian movie distributed in Brazil (Europa di notte by Alessandro Blasetti) and covered later by Brazilian artists Eumir Deodato (Los Danseros en Bolero - 1964) and Caetano himself (Outras Palavras - 1981). Henri Salvador ( 18 July 1917 - 13 February 2008) was a French singer Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Alessandro Blasetti ( 3 July 1900 - 1 February 1987) was an Italian film director who influenced Italian neorealism. Eumir Deodato (born on 22 June, 1943 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Grammy Award -winning Brazilian musician producer and arranger primarily Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 In 2005, Henri Salvador was awarded the Brazilian Order of Cultural Merit, which he received from singer and Minister of Culture, Gilberto Gil, in the presence of President Lula for his influence on Brazilian culture. Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira (born June 26 1942 better known as Gilberto Gil (ʒiu̯berto ʒiu̯ is a Brazilian singer Guitarist, and songwriter Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (pronounced /lu'iz i'nasju 'lulɐ da 'siwvɐ/; born October 27, 1945) known simply as Lula, is the thirty-fifth and

Instruments

Bossa Nova is most commonly performed on the nylon-string classical guitar, played with the fingers rather than with a pick. Its purest form could be considered unaccompanied guitar with vocals, as exemplified by João Gilberto. João Gilberto (born João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira on June 10, 1931 in Juazeiro, Bahia) is a Grammy Award Even in larger jazz-like arrangements for groups, there is almost always a guitar that plays the underlying rhythm.

Though not as prominent as the guitar, the piano is another important instrument of bossa nova; Jobim wrote for the piano and performed on it for most of his own recordings. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers Antonio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim ( January 25, 1927 in Rio de Janeiro &ndash December 8, 1994 in Brazil) also The piano has also served as a stylistic bridge between bossa nova and jazz, enabling a great deal of cross-pollination between the two.

Drums and percussion are not considered essential bossa nova instruments. A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells Nonetheless, there is a distinctive bossa nova drumming style like that of Helcio Milito, characterized by continuous eighths on the high-hat (mimicking the samba tambourine) and tapping of the rim or "rim clicks" in a clave pattern. Hélcio Pascoal Milito is a Brazilian jazz Samba / Bossa nova Drummer who has worked with some of the biggest names in bossa nova including musicians A hi-hat, or hihat, is a type of Cymbal and stand used as a typical part of a Drum kit by percussionists in R&B, hip-hop, Disco The tambourine or Marine is a Musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a frame often of wood or plastic with pairs of small metal jingles The bass drum usually mimics the string bass by playing on "1-&3-&1" as the string bass usually does.

Lush orchestral accompaniment is often associated with bossa nova's North American image as "elevator" or "lounge" music. Lounge music is a retrospective description of music popular in the 1950s and 1960s encompassing such genres as Exotica, Easy listening and Space age pop It is present in much of Jobim's own recordings, and those of Astrud Gilberto. Astrud Gilberto (born March 29, 1940) is a Brazilian Singer best known for her Samba and Bossa nova music most famously Dusty Springfield would both feature and epitomize this element on her Philips (versus the Phil Ramone version she first recorded) recording of "The Look of Love" (written by Bacharach and David, the song is one of the most respected American pop interpretations of the genre). Mary Isabel Catherine Bernadette O'Brien OBE ( 16 April, 1939 &ndash 2 March, 1999) professionally known as Dusty Springfield Philips Records is a Record label that was founded by Dutch electronics giant Philips. Phil Ramone is a Violinist, Composer, Recording engineer, and " The Look of Love " is a popular Song. Since its first appearance in the 1967 James Bond film Casino Royale, it The unique aural "texture" of bossa strings, when used, is an important secondary characteristic of the genre. Bossa nova is at heart a folk genre, and not all bossa nova records have strings, but the authentic ones that do have them feature them in a most distinct manner. A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs

Structure

Bossa nova is at its core a rhythm based on samba. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of Samba ( is one of the most popular forms of music in Brazil. It is widely viewed as Brazil's national musical style Samba combines the rhythmic patterns and feel originating in former African slave communities with elements of European march music. A march, as a Musical genre, is a piece of music with a strong regular rhythm which in origin was expressly written for marching to and most frequently performed by a Military Samba's emphasis on the first beat carries through to bossa nova (to the degree that it is often notated in 2/4 time). A beat is the basic Time Unit of a piece of Music; for example each tick sounded by a Metronome would correspond to a beat When played on the guitar, in a simple one-bar pattern the thumb plays the bass notes on 1 and 2, while the fingers pluck the chords in unison on the two eighth notes of beat one, followed by the second sixteenth note of beat two. Two-measure patterns usually contain a syncopation into the second measure. Overall, the rhythm has a swaying rather than swinging (as in jazz) feel. As bossa nova composer Carlos Lyra describes it in his song "Influência do Jazz", the samba rhythm moves "side to side" while jazz moves "front to back". Carlos Lyra is a Brazilian Singer and Composer of numerous Bossa nova and Música Popular Brasileira classics

In terms of harmonic structure, bossa nova has a great deal in common with jazz, in its sophisticated use of seventh and extended chords. In Western music, harmony is the use of different pitches simultaneously and chords actual or implied in Music. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A seventh chord is a chord consisting of a triad plus a note forming an interval of a Seventh above the chord's root. The first bossa nova song, "Chega de Saudade," borrowed some structural elements from choro; however, later compositions rarely followed this form. "Chega de Saudade" (often translated to English as No More Blues) is considered the first Bossa nova song Chôro ('ʃoɾu literally "cry" in Portuguese, meaning "lament" traditionally called chorinho ("little cry" Jobim often used challenging, almost dissonant melody lines, the best-known being in the tunes "Desafinado" ("Off-Key"). "Desafinado" (rendered into English usually as " Slightly out of Tune," but occasionally as "Off Key") is a Bossa nova song Often the melody goes to the altered note in the chord. For example, if the chord is DM7#11, the note sung in the melody line there would be G#, or the sharp 11.

In the early bossa nova recordings, in terms of lyrical themes and length of songs (typically two to four minutes), Bossa Nova is very much a "popular music" style. However, its song structure often differs from European and North American rock-based music's standard format of two verses followed by a bridge, and a closing verse; Bossa Nova songs frequently have no more than two lyrical verses, and many lack a bridge. Some of João Gilberto's earliest recordings were less than two minutes long, and some had a single lyrical verse that was simply repeated.

Origin of the term "bossa nova"

In Brazil, to do something with "bossa" is to do it with particular charm and natural flair,, as in an innate ability. In 1932, Noel Rosa used the word in a samba. Noel de Medeiros Rosa ( December 11, 1910 - May 4, 1937) was a Brazilian Songwriter, Singer, and Guitar . . which went O samba, a prontidão e outras bossas / São nossas coisas, são coisas nossas (The samba, the readiness and other bossas / Are our things, are our things. ) As yet, the exact origin of the term "bossa nova" remains uncertain. What is certain is that the term "bossa" was used to refer to any new "trend" or "fashionable wave" within the artistic beach-culture of late 1950's Rio de Janeiro. The term finally became known and widely used to refer to a new music style, a fusion of samba and jazz, when the now famous creators of "bossa nova" referred to their new style of work as "a bossa nova", as in "the new thing". [2].

Brazilian author, Ruy Castro, in his book Bossa Nova says that "bossa" was already in use in the fifties by musicians as a word to characterize someone's knack for playing or singing idiosyncratically. He cites a claim that the term "bossa nova" might have first been used in publicity for a concert given by the Grupo Universitário Hebraico do Brasil (University Hebrew Group of Brazil) in 1958 for a group consisting of Sylvinha Telles, Carlinhos Lyra, Nara Leão, Luizinho Eça, Roberto Menescal, et al.

They were likely using the term "bossa nova" then as a generic reference to what they were doing in music at the time, which had no particular name yet. However, the term took hold as the definition of their own specific artistic creation, which became known as "bossa nova", and is often simply known as "bossa" today.

"Bossa nova" also made an appearance in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie, said by Leonardo. He used it to mean "awesome" or "cool".

Later developments

From the mid-nineties, various other European artists reached out to bossa nova for inspiration mixing electronic music into it and bringing new creations sometimes referred to as BossaElectrica, TecnoBossa, etc. which still permeates the air of lounge bars of Europe and Asia today.

From this newer crop of artists came new singers like Bebel Gilberto, daughter of bossa nova co-creator João Gilberto and singer Miúcha, and new European bands like Nouvelle Vague to name a few, who used both conventional bossa nova style and modern views to further interpret this fabulously soothing style of music that originated in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil back in the 1950s. Bebel Gilberto (born Isabel Gilberto on May 12, 1966 in New York City) is a Grammy Award -nominated Brazilian popular Nouvelle Vague is a French musical collective led by musicians Marc Collin and Olivier Libaux.

Important bossa nova artists

References

  1. ^ A estética da bossa nova
  2. ^ A história da bossa nova

External links

Examples, chords and lyrics

Lusophone music
Angola | Aruba |Brazil | Cape Verde | East Timor | Guinea-Bissau | Macau | Malaysia | Mozambique | Netherlands Antilles | Portugal | São Tomé and Príncipe | Sri Lanka
Lusophone music refers to the music sung in Portuguese or in its many dialects and creoles. The music of Angola has been shaped both by wider musical trends and by the political history of the country The music of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba is a mixture of native African and European elements and is closely connected with trends from neighboring countries like Venezuela The Music of Brazil encompasses various regional Music styles influenced by African European and Amerindian forms Cape Verde is known internationally for morna, a form of Folk music usually sung in the Cape Verdean Creole, accompanied by Clarinet East Timor 's music reflects its history under the control of both Portugal and Indonesia, who have imported music like Gamelan and Fado. The Music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the Polyrhythmic Gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export Macau is a Special Administrative Region of the China. It was formerly a Colony of Portugal, which left a legacy of linguistic and other cultural Malaysian Music is influenced by neighboring Indonesian and Thai forms as well as Portuguese, Filipino and Chinese Mozambique is a former Portuguese Colony, and its native Folk musics have been highly influenced by Portuguese forms The music of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba is a mixture of native African and European elements and is closely connected with trends from neighboring countries like Venezuela Portugal is internationally known in the Music scene for its traditions of Fado, but the country has seen a recent expansion in musical styles with modern acts São Tomé and Príncipe is an island country off the coast of Africa The music of Sri Lanka originates in cultural traditions deriving from three influences the religious practices of Buddhism, the aftereffects of Portuguese

Dictionary

bossa nova

-noun

  1. A lively Brazilian dance that is similar to the samba; the music of that dance
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