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A boarding school is usually a fee-charging school where some or all pupils not only study, but also live during term time, with their fellow students and possibly teachers. A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" The word 'boarding' in this sense means to provide food and lodging.

Many public schools in the Commonwealth of Nations (called private schools or independent schools in the US) are boarding schools. An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The amount of time one spends in boarding school varies considerably from one year to twelve or more years. Boarding school pupils may spend the majority of their childhood and adolescent life away from their parents, although pupils return home during the holidays and, often, the summer break. Child article read through the various talk pages for the debate -- it's been put on and removed twice In the United States, boarding schools generally comprise grades seven through twelve, with most covering the High School years. Many New England boarding schools traditionally offer a post-graduate year (nicknamed the "13th grade"), which is unknown in many parts of the US. Most boarding schools also have day students who are residents of the community or children of faculty. Some boarding schools in the United States feature military training. A military academy or service academy (American English is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the Army the Navy Air Force

Contents

Boarding school description

Typical boarding school characteristics

The term boarding school often refers to classic British boarding school and many boarding schools are modeled on these.

Boarding house of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney, Australia
Boarding house of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney, Australia

A typical modern fee-charging boarding school has several separate residential houses, and in various streets in the neighborhood of the school. The Presbyterian Ladies' College Sydney (PLC Sydney is an independent, Presbyterian, day and Boarding school for girls in Croydon Pupils generally need permission to go outside defined school bounds; they may be allowed to venture further at certain times.

A number of senior teaching staff are appointed as housemasters, housemistresses or residential advisors each of whom takes quasi-parental responsibility for some 50 pupils resident in their house, at all times but particularly outside school hours. Each may be assisted in the domestic management of the house by a housekeeper often known as matron, and by a house tutor for academic matters, often providing staff of each gender. Nevertheless, older pupils are often unsupervised by staff, and a system of monitors or prefects gives limited authority to senior pupils. Houses readily develop distinctive characters, and a healthy rivalry between houses is often encouraged in sport. See also House system. The house system is a traditional feature of British Schools and schools in ex- British colonies, similar to the collegiate system of a University

Houses include study-bedrooms or dormitories, a dining-room or refectory where pupils take meals at fixed times, a library, hall or cubicles where pupils can do their homework. Dormitory typically refers in the United States to residence halls which are sleeping quarters or entire buildings primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for Trapeza redirects here for the prehistoric Greek settlement see Trapeza Crete. Houses may also have common-rooms for television and relaxation, kitchens for snacks, and some facilities may be shared between several houses.

Each pupil has an individual timetable, which in the early years allows little discretion. Pupils of all houses and non-boarders are taught together in school hours, but boarding pupils' activities extend well outside school hours and a period for homework. Sports, clubs and societies (e. g. amateur dramatics, or political & literary speakers or debates), or excursions (to performances, shopping or perhaps a school dance) may run until lights-out. As well as the usual academic facilities such as classrooms and laboratories, boarding schools often provide a wide variety of other facilities for extracurricular activities such as music-rooms, boats, squash courts, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres. A school chapel is often found on-site at boarding schools. Day-pupils often stay on after school to use these facilities.

Dormitory at The Armidale School, Australia, 1898
Dormitory at The Armidale School, Australia, 1898

British boarding schools have three terms a year, approximately twelve weeks each, with a few days' half-term holiday during which pupils are expected to go home. The Armidale School ( TAS) is an independent, Anglican, day and Boarding school predominantly for boys located in Armidale There may be several exeats or weekends in each half of the term when pupils may go home or away. The word exeat is most commonly used to describe a period of absence from a centre of learning Boarding pupils nowadays often go to school within easy traveling distance of their homes, and so may see their families frequently.

Some boarding schools have only boarding students, while others have both boarding students and day students who go home at the end of the school day. Day students are often known as day-boys or day-girls. Some schools also have a class of day students who stay throughout the day including breakfast and dinner which they call semi- boarders. Schools that have both boarding and day students sometimes describe themselves as semi boarding schools or day boarding schools. Many schools also have students who board during the week but go home on weekends these are known as weekly boarders, quasi-boarders, or five-day-boarders.

Day students and weekly boarders may have a distinct view of day school system, as compared to most other children who attend day schools without any boarding facilities. These students relate to a boarding school life, even though they do not totally reside in school; however, they may not completely become part of the boarding school experience. On the other hand, these students have a different view of boarding schools as compared to full term boarders who go home less frequently often only at the end of a term or even the end of an academic year.

Other forms of residential schools

Boarding schools are a form of residential school; however, not all residential schools are "classic" boarding schools. Other forms of residential schools include:

Basic guidelines and essential regulations

The Department for Education and Skills of the United Kingdom has prescribed guidelines for boarding schools, called the National Boarding Standards. The Department for Education and Skills (DfES was a United Kingdom government department between 2001 and 2007 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

One example of regulations covered within the National Boarding Standards are those for the minimum floor area or living space required for each student and other aspects of basic facilities.

A minimum floor area for each pupil with regarding to his/her dormitories, cubicles and bedrooms, is prescribed. This is attained by multiplying the number of students sleeping in the dormitory by 4. 2 m², and then adding 1. 6 m² to the result. A minimum distance of 0. 9 m should also be maintained between any two beds in a dormitory, bedrooms and cubicles. In case students are provided with a cubicle, then each student must be provided with a window and a floor area of 5. 0 m² at the least. A bedroom for a single student should be at least of floor area of 6. 0 m². Boarding schools must provide a total floor area of at least 2. 3 m² living accommodation for every boarder. This should also be incorporated with at least one bathtub or shower for every ten students. A bath (bɑθ bathtub ( AmE) or Tub ( informal) is a Plumbing fixture used for Bathing. These are some of the few guidelines set by the department amongst many others. It could probably be observed that not all boarding schools around the world meet these minimum basic standards, despite their apparent appeal.

Most boarding schools have what is known as a "lights out" time for boarding students. A lights-out is a scheduled bedtime for students living in a dormitory. A bedtime is a popular Parenting tradition in the West that involves to a greater or lesser extent rituals made to help Children feel more secure, and become accustomed Dormitory typically refers in the United States to residence halls which are sleeping quarters or entire buildings primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for It can also occur in other places where there are strict disciplinary regulations, such as a hospital. A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for

Boarding schools across societies

It has been observed globally that a significantly larger number of boys are sent to boarding schools than girls and for a longer span of time.

Boarding schools in England started before medieval times, when boys were sent to be educated at a monastery or noble household, where a lone literate cleric could be found. In the twelfth century, the Pope ordered all Benedictine monasteries such as Westminster to provide charity schools, and public schools started when such schools attracted paying pupils. Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees These public schools reflected the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, as in many ways they still do, and were accordingly staffed by clergymen until the nineteenth century. Oxbridge was originally a fictional composite of the University of '''Ox'''ford and the University of Cam'''bridge''' in England, and the term is now Private tuition at home remained the norm for aristocratic families, but after the sixteenth century it was increasingly accepted that adolescents of any rank might best be educated collectively. Tuition means instruction or teaching. In American English, the term tuition is often used to refer to a fee charged for educational instruction The institution has thus adapted itself to changing social circumstances over a thousand years.

Boarding preparatory schools tend to reflect the public schools which they feed (they often have a more or less official tie to particular schools). Although still useful in modern times in many cases such as globetrotting parents, difficult family circumstances, or broken homes, they have been going out of fashion.

The classic British boarding school became highly popular during the colonial expansion of the British Empire. British colonial administrators abroad could ensure that their children were brought up in British culture at public schools at home in the UK, and local rulers were offered the same education for their sons. More junior expatriates would send their children to local British-run schools, which would also admit selected local children who might travel from considerable distances. The boarding schools inculcating their own values became an effective system by which to deculturize the natives from their local culture and develop natives that would share British ideals and so help the British achieve their imperial goals.

One of the reasons stated for sending children to boarding schools is to develop wider horizons than their family can provide. A boarding school which a family has attended for generations may define the culture to which parents aspire for their children; equally, by choosing a fashionable boarding school, parents may aspire to better their children by mixing on equal terms with children of the upper classes. However many a times polite reasons are stated or given while hiding implicit underlying reasons for sending a child away from home. (Duffel N, 2000; Schaverien, J. 2004;). These include children who are considered too disobedient, underachieving, children from families that have divorced spouses, and children with whom the mother or parents do not relate much. (Duffel N, 2000; Schaverien, J. 2004;) However these reasons are never explicitly stated, though the child himself might be aware of it. (Duffel N, 2000; Schaverien, J. 2004;)

In 1998 there were 772 private-sector boarding schools in England, and 100,000 children attending boarding schools all over the United Kingdom. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Most societies decline to make boarding schools the preferred option for the upbringing of their children, except in former British colonies; in India, Nigeria, and other former African colonies of Great Britain, for example, boarding schools are one of the preferred modes of education. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. In England they are an important factor in the class system.

In some countries, such as New Zealand, a number of state schools have boarding facilities. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island However these state boarding schools are frequently the traditional single-sex state schools, whose ethos' are much like their independent counterparts. Furthermore the number of boarders at these schools are much lower than at independent boarding schools, normally around 10%.

The Swiss government developed a strategy to foster private boarding schools for foreign students as a business integral to the country's economy. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Their boarding schools offer instruction in several major languages and have a large number of quality facilities organized through the Swiss Federation of Private Schools.

In the United States of America, boarding schools for students below the age of 13 are called junior boarding schools, and are not as common and not as encouraged as in the United Kingdom or India. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The oldest junior boarding school in the United States is the Fay School in Southborough, Massachusetts. Fay School was founded by Eliza Burnett Fay and her sister Harriet Burnett and officially opened in 1866 Southborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.

India has a number of residential schools all across the country which follow National & International curriculums. Most of these are single units except perhaps the Delhi Public School, Society which has 125 branches across the world. They have opened a number of resiential schools at locations.

In the late 1800s, the United States government undertook a policy of educating Native American youth in the ways of Western dominant culture so that Native Americans might be able to then assimilate into Western society. At these boarding schools, managed and regulated by the government, Native American students were exposed to a number of tactics to prepare them for life outside of their reservation homes.

In accordance with the assimilation methods used at the boarding schools, the education that the Native American children received at these institutions centered on dominant society’s construction of gender norms and ideals. Thus boys and girls were separated in almost every activity and their interactions were strictly regulated along the lines of Victorian ideals. In addition the instruction that the children received reflected the roles and duties that they were to assume once outside of the reservation. Thus girls were taught skills that could be used in the home such as “sewing, cooking, canning, ironing, child care, and cleaning” (Adams 150). Native American boys in the boarding schools were taught the importance of an agricultural lifestyle with an emphasis on raising livestock and agricultural skills like “plowing and planting, field irrigation, the care of stock, and the maintenance of fruit orchards” (Adams 149). These ideas of domesticity were in stark contrast to those existing in native communities and on reservations as many indigenous societies were based on a matrilineal system where the women’s lineage was honored and the women’s place in society respected. For example women in indigenous communities held powerful roles in their own communities undertaking tasks that Western society deemed only appropriate for men as indigenous women could be leaders, healers, and agricultural farmers.

While the Native American children were exposed and likely adopted some of the ideals set forth by the whites operating these boarding schools, many resisted and rejected the gender norms that were being imposed upon them and continued in traditional systems of being, thwarting the process of assimilation. Women were at the center of this resistance. One such school for Native Americans, which was famous for its size, was the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Carlisle Indian Industrial School, (1879 - 1918 was an Indian Boarding School in Carlisle Pennsylvania. Carlisle is a borough in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 18 miles (29 km west by southwest of Harrisburg, the State capital

Emerging perspectives

It is claimed that children may be sent to boarding schools to give more opportunities than their family can provide. However, that involves spending significant parts of one's early life in what may be seen as a Total institution and possibly experiencing social detachment, as suggested by social-psychologist Erving Goffman (Goffman, Erving 1961). A total institution, also referred to as a voracious institution, as defined by Erving Goffman, is an Institution where all parts of life of individuals Erving Goffman ( June 11, 1922 – November 19, 1982) was a Canadian and American sociologist and writer This may involve long-term separation from one's parents and culture, leading to the experience of homesickness (Thurber A. Homesickness (or in some cases Nostalgia) is the distress or impairment caused by an actual or anticipated separation from the specific Home environment Christopher 1999; Fisher, S. , Frazer, N. & Murray, K 1986); and may give rise to a phenomenon known as the 'TCK' or third culture kid (Pollock DC and Van Reken R 2001). Third Culture Kids (abbreviated TCKs or 3CKs) (aka Global Nomad) "refers to someone who a child has spent a significant period of time in one or

Some modern philosophies of education, such as constructivism and new methods of music training for kids including Orff Schulwerk and the Suzuki method, make the everyday interaction of the child and parent an integral part of training and education. Constructivism is a psychological theory of knowledge ( Epistemology) which argues that humans construct knowledge and meaning from their experiences Music Education The Orff Schulwerk Orff-Schulwerk in German or simply the Orff Approach, is a developmental approach to Music Education for children The is an Educational philosophy which strives to create "high ability" and beautiful character in its students through a nurturing environment The European Union-Canada project "Child Welfare Across Borders", an important international venture on child development, considers boarding schools as one form of permanent displacement of the child. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This view reflects a new outlook towards education and child growth in the wake of more scientific understanding of the human brain and cognitive development. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding The human brain controls the Central nervous system (CNS by way of the Cranial nerves and Spinal cord, the Peripheral nervous system (PNS The Theory of Cognitive Development (one of the most historically influential theories was developed by Jean Piaget, a Swiss Philosopher (1896–1980

Concrete numbers have yet to be tabulated regarding the statistical data for the ratio of the boys that are sent to boarding schools, the total number of girls, the total number of children in a given population in boarding schools by country, the average age across populations when children are sent to boarding schools, and the average length of education (in years) for boarding school students. Statistics is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection analysis interpretation or explanation and presentation of Data. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity

Although boarding schools are, possibly correctly, perceived as instilling social and personal survival skills and keeping children occupied, they also exclude children from normal home-based, domestic daily life, and are liable to engender a sense of exclusiveness and superiority in students. People who have been to such schools often speak with different, learned accents than local children, play different sports and miss out on local activities.

Selected bibliography

Boarding schools in fiction

Boarding schools and their surrounding settings and situations have become almost a genre in (mostly) British literature with its own identifiable conventions. British literature refers to Literature associated with the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well as to literature (Typically, protagonists find themselves occasionally having to break school rules for honourable reasons which the reader can identify with, and might get severely punished when caught - but usually they do not embark on a total rebellion against the school as a system. )

Notable examples of the school story include:

The setting has also been featured in notable North American fiction:

There is also a huge boarding-school genre literature, mostly uncollected, in British comics and serials from the 1900s to the 1980s. Tyne O'Connell is an internationally published author described by Elle magazine as "Impossibly glamorous" and by Casandra Jardine in The Daily Telegraph Jerome David "J D" Salinger (born January 1 1919 (ˈsælɨndʒɚ is an American author best known for his 1951 Novel The Catcher in the Rye The Catcher in the Rye is a Novel by J D Salinger. First published in the United States in 1951 the novel has been a frequently John Knowles was born on September 16, 1926 in Fairmont West Virginia and died on November 29, 2001 in Fort Lauderdale A Separate Peace is John Knowles ' first published novel released in 1959 Peace Breaks Out (1981 is a novel by American Author John Knowles, better known for A Separate Peace (1959 John Winslow Irving (born March 2, 1942 as John Wallace Blunt Jr A Prayer for Owen Meany is a novel by American writer John Irving, first published in 1989. Lemony Snicket is a Pseudonym used by author Daniel Handler in his book series A Series of Unfortunate Events, as well as a character in that The Austere Academy is the fifth novel in the book series A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket. A Series of Unfortunate Events is a children's Book series of thirteen novels written by Daniel Handler under the Pseudonym of John Green may refer to John Green (author (b1977 American award-winning writer John Green (botanist (b Looking for Alaska is the first young adult novel by John Green, published in March 2005 by Dutton Juvenile. Tobias Jonathan Ansell Wolff (born June 19, 1945, in Birmingham, Alabama) is a Writer of Fiction and Nonfiction Elizabeth Curtis Sittenfeld (born 1975) is an American Writer. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989.

On the animated series Code Lyoko, Kadic Junior High School is a boarding school where the main characters live and study. Code Lyoko is a French Animated television series featuring both conventional animation and CGI. In addition, most of the characters in Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX) live in a boarding school called "Duel Academy" ("Duel Academia"). is an Anime Spin-off, and Sequel of the original Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise

Fictional boarding schools have also been depicted on live-action television shows. Some notable names include:

Boarding schools have also appeared on documentary television:

Also, in the video game Bully the story revolves around the adventures of the denizens of the fictional town of Bullworth and the boarding school Bullworth Academy. Bully, also known as Canis Canem Edit in the UK which is ( Latin for "dog eat dog" for the PAL PlayStation 2

The sub-genre of books and films set in a military or naval academy has many similarities with the above.

Boarding schools in films

Boarding schools in video games

See also

External links

A Great and Terrible Beauty is the first novel in the Gemma Doyle Trilogy by Libba Bray. Scent of a Woman is a 1992 film which tells the story of a preparatory school student who takes a job as an assistant to an irascible blind medically Mädchen in Uniform ( 1931, 89 minutes 16 mm) is a German feature-length film based on a Novel by Christa Winsloe Goodbye Mr Chips ( 1939) is a British film based on the novel of the same name by James Hilton. Tom Brown's Schooldays is a novel by Thomas Hughes first published in 1857 St Trinian's is a fictional girls' Boarding school, the creation of British cartoonist Ronald Searle, that later became the subject of a popular Lost and Delirious is a 2001 Canadian drama film directed by Léa Pool and loosely based on the novel The Wives Of Bath The Trouble with Angels is a 1966 Comedy film about the adventures of two girls in an all girls school run by nuns if is an award-winning 1968 Feature film by British director Lindsay Anderson satirising English public school A Separate Peace is John Knowles ' first published novel released in 1959 Picnic at Hanging Rock is a 1975 Australian Mystery Film directed by Peter Weir, adapted from the novel of the same name. Taps is a 1981 Dramatic film starring Timothy Hutton, Sean Penn, Tom Cruise, Ronny Cox and George Pink Floyd The Wall is a 1982 Musical film by British director Alan Parker based on the 1979 Pink Floyd album The World According to Garp is 1982 Comedy-drama film directed by George Roy Hill based on the novel of the same title by Class is a 1983 American movie that was directed by Lewis Carlino. Young Sherlock Holmes ( 1985) directed by Barry Levinson and written by Chris Columbus, depicts a young Sherlock Holmes and Dead Poets Society is a 1989 film directed by Peter Weir. Set in 1959 (though not free from anachronisms at a conservative and autocratic Flirting is a 1991 Australian Coming of age Film about a romance between two Teenagers written and directed by Toy Soldiers is a 1991 action / Drama film directed by Daniel Petrie Jr The Power of one is a Novel by Bryce Courtenay, first published in 1989 School Ties is a 1992 film directed by Robert Mandel that launched the acting careers of Brendan Fraser, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck Strike! is a musical depicting the Winnipeg General Strike. It has been adapted into a Canadian Broadcasting Corporation radio production and a 17 minute Outside Providence is an English language Novel by writer producer and director Peter Farrelly, published in 1988 RockFord is a 1999 film directed by Nagesh Kukunoor. Synopsis A boy named Rajesh Naidu comes to Hyderabad and gets admitted Lost and Delirious is a 2001 Canadian drama film directed by Léa Pool and loosely based on the novel The Wives Of Bath The Fraternity (also known as The Circle) is a film about a circle of friends that create their own little elite club while at the elite Runcie High School The Harry Potter films are a fantasy series Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry is a setting in J K The Emperor's Club is a 2002 film that tells the story of a prep school teacher and his students Agent Cody Banks 2 Destination London is the Sequel to the 2003 Film Agent Cody Banks, and was released in the United States The Chorus ( Les Choristes) is a 2004 French Drama film directed by Christophe Barratier. X-Men is a 2000 Superhero film based on the fictional Marvel Comics characters of the same name. The Wild Thornberrys Movie is a 2002 American animated feature film based on the television series of the same name. X2 (also known in promotional materials as X2 X-Men United, X-Men 2 X-Men United, and X-Men 2) is a Hex is a British Television programme developed by Shine Limited and aired on the Sky One satellite channel Cry_Wolf is a Murder mystery 2005 film directed by Jeff Wadlow after he won one million dollars at the 2002 Chrysler Film Competition X-Men The Last Stand is a 2006 Superhero film and the third in the X-Men series She's the Man is a 2006 Comedy Romance Film, starring Amanda Bynes and directed by Andy Fickman, based St Trinian's is the sixth in a long-running series of films based on the works of cartoonist Ronald Searle. Zuoz is a municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. Zoey 101 was an Emmy Award -nominated American Live-action Situation comedy Television series that had an original Skool Daze is a Computer game created by David Reidy for the ZX Spectrum and released by Microsphere in 1985. Back to Skool is a Computer game, sequel to the popular Skool Daze, created by David Reidy for the ZX Spectrum and released by Bully, also known as Canis Canem Edit in the UK which is ( Latin for "dog eat dog" for the PAL PlayStation 2 Africa Zambia Canisius Secondary School Chengelo School Musikili Primary School Australia See also Education A special school is a school catering to students who have Special educational needs e An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding predominantly in the form of school fees A military academy or service academy (American English is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the Army the Navy Air Force School in literature Thomas Bailey Aldrich: The Story of a Bad Boy * Laurie Halse Anderson: Speak

Dictionary

boarding school

-noun

  1. A school which provides board and lodging as well as tuition, students going home at weekends or between terms
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