| Bhojpuri भोजपुरी bhōjapurī | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | India, Nepal, Mauritius, Netherlands, Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Singapore, United States, United Kingdom, Réunion, Suriname | |||
| Region: | Nepal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Assam, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal | |||
| Total speakers: | 25 million (1997) | |||
| Language family: | Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Group Bihari Bhojpuri | |||
| Writing system: | Devanagari, Kaithi | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-1: | bh | |||
| ISO 639-2: | bho | |||
| ISO 639-3: | bho | |||
| ||||
Bhojpuri (pronunciation ) is a regional language spoken in parts of north-central and eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It is spoken in the western part of state of Bihar, the northwestern part of Jharkhand, and the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh, as well as an adjoining area of southern plains of Nepal. Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. Purvanchal (est - mountain is a geographic region of north-central India, which comprises the eastern end of Uttar Pradesh state Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Bhojpuri is also spoken in Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritius. Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti फ़िजी officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti फ़िजी द्वीप समूह गणराज्य The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪgoʊ is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République The language of the Surinamese Hindus, however, is seldom referred to as Bhojpuri but usually as Sarnami Hindi or just Sarnami.
Others, including the government of India while taking census, disagree, and consider Bhojpuri to be a dialect of Hindi. But now the government of India is preparing to grant it statutory status as a national scheduled language.
Bhojpuri shares vocabulary with Sanskrit, Hindi, Urdu and other Indo-Aryan languages of northern India. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family Bhojpuri and several closely related languages, including Maithili and Magadhi, are together known as the Bihari languages. Maithili (मैथिली Maithilī) is a language spoken in the eastern part of India, mainly in the Indian state of Bihar The Magadhi language (also known as मगही Magahi is a language spoken by 17449446 people in India. Bihari is a name given to the western group of Eastern Indic languages, spoken in Bihar and neighboring states in India. They are part of the Eastern Zone group of Indo-Aryan languages which includes Bengali and Oriya. Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa.
There are numerous dialects of Bhojpuri, including three or four in eastern Uttar Pradesh alone. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of
The eminent scholar and polyglot, Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan had written some works in Bhojpuri. Rahul Sānkrityāyana (राहुल संकृत्यायन ( 1893 1963) was one of the most widely-traveled scholars of India, spening forty-five Bhojpuri ( is a regional language spoken in parts of north-central and eastern India. There have been other writers who have written in Bhojpuri but the number is abysmal compared to the number of speakers. The eminent nationalist, writer, scholar, dandi sanyasi Swami Sahajanand Saraswati belonged to the Bhojpur region of Uttar Pradesh. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati (1889-1950 was born in a Jijhoutia Bhumihar Brahmin family of Gazipur of Uttar Pradesh state of India Bhojpur is the name of several places India Bhojpur District Bihar Bhojpur Madhya Pradesh Nepal Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Some notable Bhojpuri personalities are the first president of India, Rajendra Prasad, Manoj Bajpai, and former Indian prime minister Chandra Shekhar. The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit Dr Rajendra Prasad (डा॰ राजेन्द्र प्रसाद ( December 3, 1884 &ndash February 28, 1963) was the Manoj Bajpayee born on 23rd April is a Hindi film actor known for playing offbeat and unconventional roles The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Chandra Shekhar Singh (चन्द्रशेखर सिंह (July 1 1927 - July 8 2007 was the 11th Prime Minister of the Republic of India
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Number of speakers
According to an article published in Times of India, an estimated 70 million people of Uttar Pradesh and a further 80 million people in Bihar speak Bhojpuri as their first or second language. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. There are 6 million Bhojpuri speaking people are living outside the Bhojpuri heartlands of Bihar and Purvanchal. These areas include Nepal, Mauritius, Fiji, Suriname, Guyana, Uganda, Singapore, Trinidad & Tobago, Great Britain, and United States. This makes the total Bhojpuri speaking population in the world close to 150 million.
However, the official figures as per the Census of India 2001 are much lower. The census counts 33 million people in India to be speakers of the Bhojpuri dialect under the Hindi language sub-family. [1]
Bhojpuri dialects, varieties, and creoles are also spoken in various parts of the world, including Brazil, Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, South Africa, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Fiji (Matanitu ko Viti फ़िजी officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (Matanitu Tu-Vaka-i-koya ko Viti फ़िजी द्वीप समूह गणराज्य Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (ˈtrɪnɪdæd ən təˈbeɪgoʊ is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American During the late 1800s and early 1900s, many colonizers had faced labor shortages and were unable to obtain slaves from Africa due to the abolition of slavery; thus, they imported many Indians as indentured servants to labor on plantations. Today, many Indians in the West Indies, Oceania, and South America still speak Bhojpuri as a native or second language. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a
The Bhojpuri language has been heavily influenced by other languages in many parts of the world. Mauritian Bhojpuri includes many Creole and English words, while the one spoken in Trinidad & Tobago has picked up some Caribbean words along with English.
Bhojpuri literature
The Bhojpuri-speaking region, due to its rich tradition of creating leaders for building post-independence India such as first President Dr. Rajendra Prasad followed by many eminent politicians and humanitarians like Dr. Dr Rajendra Prasad (डा॰ राजेन्द्र प्रसाद ( December 3, 1884 &ndash February 28, 1963) was the Krishna Dev Upadhyaya, was never devoid of intellectual prominence which is evident in its literature.
Bhojpuri became one of the bases of the development of the official language of independent India, Hindi, in the past century. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Bhartendu Harishchandra, who is considered the father of literary Hindi, was greatly influenced by the tone and style of Bhojpuri in his native region. Bharatendu Harishchandra (भारतेन्दु हरिश्चन्द्र Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Further development of Hindi was taken by prominent laureates such as Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi and Munshi Premchand from the Bhojpuri-speaking region. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi ( Hindi: महावीर प्रसाद द्विवेदी (1864 Daulatpur - 1938 was a noted Indian Hindi writer Bhikhari Thakur, known as the Shakespeare of Bhojpuri, has also given theater plays including the classics of Bidesiya. Pioneer Dr. Krishna Dev Upadhyaya from Ballia district devoted 60 years to researching and cataloging Bhojpuri folklore. Dr. H. S. Upadhyaya wrote the book Relationships of Hindu family as depicted in Bhojpuri folksongs (1996). Together they have cataloged thousands of Bhojpuri folksongs, riddles and proverbs from the Purvanchal U. P, Bihar, Jharkand and Chotta Nagpuri districts near Bengal.
The Bhojpuri literature has always remained contemporary. It was more of a body of folklore with folk music and poems prevailing. Literature in the written form started in the early twentieth century. During the British era, then known as the "Northern Frontier Province language", Bhojpuri adopted a patriotic tone and after independence it turned to community. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British In later periods, following the low economic development of the Bhojpuri-speaking region, the literary work is more skewed towards the human sentiments and struggles of life.
In the present era, the Bhojpuri literature is marked by the presence of writers and poets like Anand Sandhidoot, Pandey Kapil, Ashok Dwivedi, Editor of the popular Bhojpuri magazine Paati (Ballia) and others. In Maurititus, Dr. Sarita Boodhoo from the Mauritius Bhojpuri Institute has done volumes of work in following the Bhojpuri culture and language and documenting the indentured labourers' arrival on the island. Manoj Bhawuk came into limelight for his literary work in Bhojpuri Tasveer Zindagi ke and for his contributions in development of Bhojpuri Literature. In the United States, Sailesh Mishra, another contemporary Bhojpuri activist, poet and writer has been credited as the founder of Bhojpuri Association of North America (BANA) and for his contributions in promoting Bhojpuri language and culture aross the globe.
Bhojpuria cinema
Bhojpuri cinema has become the largest film industry inside India after Hindi language cinema. In 2005, the BBC reported that the industry caters for up to 200 million people in large parts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Bhojpuri fims have had huge commercial success at the box office. For example, a film made on a budget of $65,000, Sasura Bada Paisawela took in over $3m at the box office. Daroga Babu took almost $900,000 on a similar budget. As of 2008, BBC reports that Bhojpuri songs have also become very popular. MeriNews adds that in some districts of Bihar, theatre owners prefer to screen Bhojpuri films rather than Hindi films as they get more spectators for those films.
Bollywood superstar Amitabh Bachchan, himself a Bhojpuri native from Purvanchal administrative zone of Uttar Pradesh, has been a big supporter of the cinema and has acted in the acclaimed film Ganga. Ajay Devgan is another major Bollywood cinama figure who is closley associated with the people of this region. Vishal Veeru Devgan, Hindi:विशाल देवगन born (April 2 1969 in New Delhi, India) popularly known as Ajay Devgan is Saroj Khan, Tinnu Verma, Udit Narayan are all growing their involvement in the film industry. Actors like Ravi Kishan, Manoj Tiwari are superstars of Bhojpuri film industry and are as popular as Shahrukh Khan. While actresses Nagma and Rambha, who earlier failed to create an impact in Bollywood are doing very well in Bhojpuri cinema.
The Bhojpuri industry is now large enough in terms of revenue, Rs 200 crores according to Tehelka in their issue dated 15 March 08, that is also attracting foreign talent too. The BBC reported that Ukrainian model Tanya has already played a Russian girl in love with a Bihari boy in Firangi Dulhania (Foreign Bride) and 24-year-old Cambridge-educated British actress Jessica Bath has signed for two Bhojpuri films.
In 2008 there are expected to be 70 new Bhojpuri releases, up from 2007’s one a week. The Bhojpuri Film Awards have become a major cinematic event in India. In addition, Tehelka reports that Bhojpuri films have revived up to 50 single-screen cinema halls in Mumbai and Delhi from financial ruin. Cinema owners have removed B-grade Hindi films fetching Rs. 80,000 a week, and replced them with Bhojpuri films that average Rs 3 lakh a week says the magazine.
Furthermore, stars earn upwards of Rs 15 lakh per film, and Ravi Kisan is deemed to be the highest paid Bhojpuri cinema star claiming 30 to 40 Lakhs Rupee's per move.
See also
- Hindustani language
- Languages of India
- List of national languages of India
- List of Indian languages by total speakers
- List of Bhojpuri poets
References
External links
- Anjoria:: The First Website in Bhojpuri
- BhojpuriAnjoria:: Website in English for promoting Bhojpuri.
- Bihari
- ChauriChaura.Com:: Bhojpuri- visit for Bhojpuri songs and news
- Bhojpuri.org :: Bhojpuri Sansaar - A Global Network of Bhojpuri Professional
- Bhojpuria: Portal for Bhojpuri Speaking people
- A Global Database of Bhojpuri Professional
- Bhojpuriduniya.com A superhit website in Bhojpuri
- Ethnologue report for Bhojpuri
- Bhojpuri Association of North America - BANA
- Bhojpuri Poems - Blog
- Bhojpuri Basics
- भोजपुरिया समाज :: The community of Bhojpuri people
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