Citizendia

For 2001 Documentary film, see Beyond Jurassic Park. Beyond Jurassic Park is a 2001 Documentary film created exclusively for the Jurassic Park Trilogy DVD Box set.
Bharatiya Janata Party
Party chairpersonRajnath Singh
General SecretaryArun Jaitley
Parliamentary Party ChairpersonAtal Bihari Vajpayee
Leader in Lok SabhaLal Krishna Advani (Opposition)
Leader in Rajya SabhaJaswant Singh (Opposition)
Founded1980
Headquarters11, Ashoka Road,
New Delhi - 110001
AllianceNational Democratic Alliance
Seats in Lok Sabha138
Seats in Rajya Sabha48
Political ideologyHindutva
Indian nationalism
Integral humanism
Conservatism
PublicationsBJP Today
Websitehttp://bjp.org
See also the politics of India series

The Bharatiya Janata Party [BJP] (Hindi: भारतीय जनता पार्टी [भाजपा], translation: Indian People's Party), created in 1980, is a major centre-right Indian political party. Early life Rajnath Singh was born in the small village of Bhabhora in the Varanasi district of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Arun Jaitley (born December 28, 1952 in New Delhi) is Atal Bihari Vajpayee (अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी əʈəl bɪhaːɾiː ʋaːdʒpeiː (born December 25 1924 The eleventh Prime Minister of India. Lal Krishna Advani (लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी لال ڪرشنا آڏواڻي also known as Lal Kishenchand Advani (Sindhi लाल किशनचंद For the Indian Army commander see Joginder Jaswant Singh. For the Indian author see Lt Col Jaswant Singh Marwah. New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. The National Democratic Alliance ( NDA) is a coalition of political parties in India. For Veer Savarkar's book see Hindutva (book. Hindutva (Devanagari हिन्दुत्व "Hinduness" a word coined by Vinayak Indian nationalism refers to the consciousness and expression of political social religious and ethnic influences that help mould Indian national consciousness Integral humanism is the Political philosophy practised by the Bharatiya Janata Party and the former Bharatiya Jana Sangh of India. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Politics of India takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary multi-party representative democratic Republic modelled Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation The centre-right is a political term commonly used to describe or denote individuals political parties or organizations (such as Think tanks whose views India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral It projects itself as a champion of the socio-religious cultural values of the country's majority community, conservative social policies, self reliance, strong economic growth, foreign policy driven by strong nationalist agenda, and strong national defense. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Its constituency is strengthened by fellow members of the set of Hindu nationalist organizations informally known as the Sangh Parivar in which the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh plays a leading role. Hindu nationalism is a nationalist Ideology that sees the modern State of the Republic of India as a Hindu Polity The Sangh Parivar (संघ परिवार Translation: Family of Associations refers to the family of organisations built around the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ National Volunteers' Organisation) also known as the Sangh or

The BJP, in alliance with several other parties, led the Government of India between 1998 and 2004, under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Deputy Prime Minister Lal Krishna Advani, its most senior leaders. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Atal Bihari Vajpayee (अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी əʈəl bɪhaːɾiː ʋaːdʒpeiː (born December 25 1924 The eleventh Prime Minister of India. A Deputy Prime Minister or Vice Prime Minister is in some countries a government minister who can take the position of acting Prime Minister when the Lal Krishna Advani (लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी لال ڪرشنا آڏواڻي also known as Lal Kishenchand Advani (Sindhi लाल किशनचंद It is the leading party within the National Democratic Alliance and leads the opposition. The National Democratic Alliance ( NDA) is a coalition of political parties in India.

Contents

History

Part of a series on
Hindu politics

Major parties

Bharatiya Janata Party
Shiv Sena
Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha

Defunct parties
Bharatiya Jana Sangh
Ram Rajya Parishad

Ideas

Integral humanism
Hindu nationalism
Hindutva

Major figures

Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar
Keshava Baliram Hedgewar
Syama Prasad Mookerjee
Deendayal Upadhyaya
Bal Thackeray

Related authors

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
Koenraad Elst · Francois Gautier
Sita Ram Goel · K. S. Lal
Harsh Narain · Yvette Rosser
Arun Shourie · Ram Swarup

Politics
Government of India

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Origins

The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS, Indian People's Union) was founded in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mookerjee, a Bengali nationalist leader, former Union Minister and freedom-fighter. Hindu politics refers to the political movements professing to draw inspiration from Hinduism. Shiv Sena ( Devanāgarī: शिव सेना Śīv Senā, meaning Army of Shiva, referring to Shivaji Bhosle) is a Political party Akhil Bhāratīya Hindū Mahāsabhā (अखिल भारत हिन्दू महासभा All-Indian Hindu Assembly a Hindu nationalist organization was originally The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated BJS and often known simply as the Jan Sangh existed from 1951 to 1980 whereupon it was succeeded by the Bharatiya Janata Party, one of Ram Rajya Parishad (Rām Rājya Pariṣad Sanskrit, Forum of Rama's Kingdom was a traditionalist Hindu party in India. Integral humanism is the Political philosophy practised by the Bharatiya Janata Party and the former Bharatiya Jana Sangh of India. Hindu nationalism is a nationalist Ideology that sees the modern State of the Republic of India as a Hindu Polity For Veer Savarkar's book see Hindutva (book. Hindutva (Devanagari हिन्दुत्व "Hinduness" a word coined by Vinayak Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak (बाळ गंगाधर टिळक ( July 23 1856 - August 1 1920) was an Indian nationalist Madan Mohan Malaviya (1861-1946 was an Indian politician notable for his role in the freedom struggle and his espousal of Hindu nationalism. Vināyak Dāmodar Sāvarkar (विनायक दामोदर सावरकर (born May 28, 1883 in Bhagur – February 26, Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar (माधव सदाशिव गोळवलकर (February 19 1906 - June 5 1973 popularly known as Golwalkar Guruji, was the second Keshava Baliram Hedgewar (केशव बळीराम हेडगेवार ( April 1, 1889 – June 21 1940) was the founder of the Syama Prasad Mookerjee (or Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, শ্যামা প্রসাদ মুখার্জী ( thumb|right|200px|An Indian postage stamp featuring Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya (पण्डित दीनदयाल उपाध्याय ( September 25, 1916 - February 11, 1968) along Bal Keshav Thackeray (बाळ केशव ठाकरे (born January 23, 1926) popularly known as Balasaheb Thackeray is the founder and Bankim Chandra Chatterjee ( 27 June[[ 838]] - 8 April[[ 894]] (বঙ্কিম চন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায় Bôngkim Koenraad Elst (born 7 August 1959) is a Belgian Writer and Orientalist (without institutional affiliation François Gautier, born 1959 in Paris, is a writer and journalist based in India Sita Ram Goel (सीता राम गोयल Sītā Rām Goyal) (1921 – 2003 writer and publisher influential in late twentieth century Hindu nationalist Kishori Saran Lal (1920 &ndash 2002 was an Indian Historian. He wrote many historical books mainly on medieval India Harsh Narain is an Indian author He has a PhD from Lucknow University and was a professor at Benares Hindu University, Aligarh Muslim University and Yvette Rosser is an American author and scholar Yvette Rosser was born on January 31 1952. Arun Shourie (born 1941) is a prominent Indian Journalist, Author, and Politician. Ram Swarup (राम स्‍वरूप born Ram Swarup Agarwal ( 1920 - December 26, 1998) was an independent Hindu thinker and prolific author The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated BJS and often known simply as the Jan Sangh existed from 1951 to 1980 whereupon it was succeeded by the Bharatiya Janata Party, one of Syama Prasad Mookerjee (or Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, শ্যামা প্রসাদ মুখার্জী ( thumb|right|200px|An Indian postage stamp featuring The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating It was considered the political wing of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ National Volunteers' Organisation) also known as the Sangh or But the fortunes of the young party took a dip in 1953, when Mookherjee was jailed in Kashmir by then Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party After his death in custody, the BJS lasted for 24 more years, but was never seriously challenged the Indian National Congress, the only political structure since India's independence, for a political majority. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. However, the party nourished future leaders like Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Atal Bihari Vajpayee (अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी əʈəl bɪhaːɾiː ʋaːdʒpeiː (born December 25 1924 The eleventh Prime Minister of India.

When Indira Gandhi imposed a state of emergency in 1975, postponing elections and misusing major central powers granted to her by the Constitution, the BJS joined a coalition of parties in active protest. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies The Constitution of India ( Hindi: भारतीय़ संविधान see names in other Indian languages) is the supreme law of India. Several of its leaders were arrested, including Vajpayee. But when Gandhi called elections in 1977, the BJS invested all its political and organizational capital in merging into the new Janata Party, a unified opposition party. The Janata Party (जनता पार्टी People's Party in Hindi) was an Indian Political party that contested the Indian Emergency A mixture of socialists, regionalists, and former Congressmen, the party was united in opposition to the Emergency and Indira Gandhi. The Janata Party defeated Indira Gandhi's Congress Party in a landslide victory and formed a government under Morarji Desai's leadership. Morarji Ranchhodji Desai ( मोरारजी देसाई) (29 February 1896 &ndash 10 Vajpayee, the most senior BJS leader, became Minister for External Affairs. A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the Foreign policy of a sovereign nation His close friend and political comrade Lal Krishna Advani became the Minister for Information and Broadcasting. Lal Krishna Advani (लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी لال ڪرشنا آڏواڻي also known as Lal Kishenchand Advani (Sindhi लाल किशनचंद

The Janata Party government lasted for two years, and following its collapse, Indira Gandhi's Congress returned in a thunderous landslide victory. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the When the Janata Party imploded, the nucleus of the BJS reorganised themselves.

Early years

The BJP was founded in December 1980, under the direct leadership of the duumvirate of Vajpayee and Advani. In the 1984 Lok Sabha elections, in which the Congress Party won a massive landslide victory following Indira Gandhi's assassination, the BJP obtained only 2 seats out of 543. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India But in the 1989 Lok Sabha elections, the BJP won 88 seats. It supported the Janata Dal-led coalition of V.P. Singh. Janata Dal is an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of one of the major Janata Party factions the Lok Dal and a group of Congressmen Vishwanath Pratap Singh (विश्वनाथ प्रताप सिंह born 25 June 1931) was the 10th Prime Minister of the On October 23, 1990, BJP leader L.K. Advani was arrested by the Chief Minister of Bihar, Laloo Prasad Yadav, due to his agitation for the construction of the Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya. Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Lal Krishna Advani (लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी لال ڪرشنا آڏواڻي also known as Lal Kishenchand Advani (Sindhi लाल किशनचंद Lalu Prasad Yadav, sometimes spelt as Laloo Prasad or Lalloo Prasad ( Devanāgarī: लालू प्रसाद यादव Lālu Prasād (born June Ayodhya (अयोध्या IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district The BJP withdrew its support of this government, and it collapsed the next month.

In the 1991 Lok Sabha elections, the BJP became the premier opposition party, and the Congress government functioned as a minority. During this time, the Janata Dal, the other major offshoot of the Janata Party, saw itself crumble into regional factions, and many leaders opted for the BJP. Janata Dal is an Indian political party which was formed through the merger of one of the major Janata Party factions the Lok Dal and a group of Congressmen The Janata Party (जनता पार्टी People's Party in Hindi) was an Indian Political party that contested the Indian Emergency

The First BJP Government (May 16 - 31st, 1996)

In 1996, the BJP became the single-largest political party in the parliament, with the Congress at its lowest tally ever. The President of India, Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma, appointed Vajpayee as Prime Minister although he could not enlist the support of 271 MPs in the Lok Sabha. The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit Shankar Dayal Sharma ( August 19 1918 - December 26 1999) was the 9th President of republic of India serving from 1992 to 1997 The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India [1] However, non-Congress, non-BJP parties were able to gain a majority of support and so Vajpayee was obliged to resign after serving the shortest time as prime minister in India - 13 days. A broad centre-left coalition government that proved its majority known as the United Front took over. The United Front was a coalition of political parties which formed India 's government between 1996 and 1998

The Second BJP Government (March 19, 1998 - October 13, 1999)

Lok Sabha elections were again held in 1998, and the NDA National Democratic Alliance obtained a simple majority. This time, the BJP (NDA) had allied with the AIADMK and the Biju Janata Dal besides its existing allies, the Samata Party, the Shiromani Akali Dal and Shiv Sena. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK (அனைத்து இந்திய அண்ணா திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம் is a regional The Biju Janata Dal is a regional party of the Indian state of Orissa led by Naveen Patnaik, son of former state chief minister Biju Patnaik. The Samata Party is a Political party in India. It was formed as an offshoot of the Janata Dal in 1994 by Nitish Kumar and George Fernandes Akali Dal, also called Shiromani Akali Dal ( Akali Religious Party) is a collection of Sikh Political parties mainly based in Punjab Shiv Sena ( Devanāgarī: शिव सेना Śīv Senā, meaning Army of Shiva, referring to Shivaji Bhosle) is a Political party Outside support was was provided by the Telugu Desam Party. Telugu Desam Party ( Telugu: తెలుగు దేశం Party for Telugu Land and people or TDP is a regional Political party The NDA had a slim majority, and Vajpayee returned as Prime Minister. [3] But the coalition ruptured in May 1999 when the leader of AIADMK, Jayalalitha, withdrew her support, and fresh elections were again called. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK (அனைத்து இந்திய அண்ணா திராவிட முன்னேற்ற கழகம் is a regional Jayalalitha Jayaram ( Tamil: ஜெயலலிதா ஜெயராம்) or J

The NDA government provided significant support to the Prasar Bharati Act which gave government owned media channels more autonomy. Prasar Bharati ( Hindi: प्रसार भारती literally Broadcasting Corporation of India) is India 's largest public broadcaster The Act had been passed by the National Front government with BJP support. The National Front was a coalition of political parties led by the Janata Dal, which formed India 's government between 1989 and 1991 under the leadership of The government provided significant support to the Prasar Bharati Act which gave government owned media channels more autonomy. Prasar Bharati ( Hindi: प्रसार भारती literally Broadcasting Corporation of India) is India 's largest public broadcaster

The new Government carried out an electoral promise with the 5 nuclear tests at Pokhran, in Rajasthan in 1998, which gave India a weaponised nuclear capacity. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pokhran (also spelled Pokaran) is a city and a Municipality located in Jaisalmer district Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area [2]

The Vajpayee administration also oversaw the country's defenses during the Kargil War, where the Indian military performed recovered strategic mountain posts from Pakistani irregulars who had occupied ground on the Indian side of the Line of Control. The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July Names Specifically the term "Line of Control" (LOC refers to the military control line between the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of the former princely state

The Third BJP Government (October 13, 1999 - May 13, 2004)

On October 13, 1999, the BJP-led NDA won as many as 303 seats. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The BJP won an all-time high of 183. Vajpayee won his third term as Prime Minister, and Advani became the Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. This NDA Government lasted for its full five years.

The BJP-led National Democratic Alliance passed the Prevention of Terrorist Activities Act in 2002, a law increasing the powers of police authorities and intelligence agencies in an effort to curb subversive political activities and terrorism. The term police state describes a State in which the government exercises rigid and repressive controls over the social economic and political The POTA was promulgated chiefly in response to the December 13, 2001 terrorist attacks on the Union Parliament. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. [4]

Vajpayee and his economic team, led by Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha, pushed through major privatizations of big government corporations, the liberalization of trade under World Trade Organization rules, opening the skies to commercial airlines, foreign investment and ownership and developed "Special Economic Zones" where industries could enjoy special infrastructure. Yashwant Sinha (born November 6, 1937, Patna) is an Indian politician and a former Finance minister of India (March 1998 Airline deregulation is the process of removing entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting in particular the carriers permitted to serve specific routes The government especially catered to the rising information technology industry, and lowered taxes for middle-class Indians and businesses. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Record increases in agricultural and industrial production were matched by hungry middle-class consumers, and increasing foreign trade and investment. In 2004, the Government signed the South Asia Free Trade Agreement with Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives, a decision intended to vastly benefit over 1. The Agreement on the South Asian Free Trade Area is an agreement reached at the 12th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC summit at Islamabad, Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island The Maldives ( or, or Maldive Islands) officially the Republic of Maldives, is an Island nation consisting of a group of atolls stretching 6 billion people.

Vajpayee took a personal interest in the Golden Quadrilateral project, a road system which aimed at linking the four corners of the nation with heavy, industrial roads. The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ is the largest Express highway project in India launched by former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. His education programs boosted the enrollment of children into primary schools, expanded aid for schools and pushed new-age technologies to improve schooling. [3]

Vajpayee was responsible for three efforts to build peaceful relations with Pakistan. In 1999, he rode on the inaugural Delhi-Lahore bus, and signed the Lahore Declaration with the Pakistani Prime Minister, committing India to peace. The Lahore Declaration was a Bilateral agreement between India and Pakistan signed on February 21, 1999 by the then- Prime Minister In 2001 Vajpayee invited Pakistan's military ruler, Pervez Musharraf, to Delhi, though the summit failed. General (ret Pervez Musharraf ( (born 11 August 1943 NI(M, HI(M, TBt, is the former Military dictator and President of And despite the terrorist attacks that froze relations for two and a half years, Vajpayee, in a speech to Parliament in August 2003, spoke of his "absolute last attempt of my life" to foster peace with Pakistan, de-freezing relations and invoking praise from world leaders.

The 2000 Tehelka scam severely affected the credibility of the NDA Government and saw the Congress and its allies boycotting Parliament. Tehelka is an Indian Weekly Magazine under the editorship of Tarun Tejpal As a result, the then BJP President, Bangaru Laxman, and the Defense Minister, George Fernandes, resigned. Bangaru Laxman was minister of state for railways in Government of India from 1999 to 2000 George Fernandes (born June 3 1930 is a trade unionist agriculturist political activist journalist and currently a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India.

After the 2004 General Election

The BJP and the NDA suffered a shock defeat in the general elections in 2004, and failed to muster a parliamentary majority. Legislative elections were held in India, the world's largest Democracy, in four phases between April 20 and May 10, 2004. A. B. Vajpayee passed on the prime ministership to Dr. Manmohan Singh of the Congress Party, and its United Progressive Alliance. Manmohan Singh (ਮਨਮੋਹਨ ਸਿੰਘ (born 26 September 1932 is the 17th Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. United Progressive Alliance ( UPA) is the present ruling coalition of political parties heading the Government of India.

After the defeat was clear, several prominent BJP members including Sushma Swaraj and L.K. Advani, protested that Sonia Gandhi should not be permitted to hold the Prime Minister's office because of her Italian birth and other factors such as her lack of fluency in any Indian language, and her failure to take Indian citizenship for almost 15 years after her wedding to Rajiv Gandhi in spite of her claims to have "become an Indian in her heart the day she became Indira Gandhi's daughter-in-law". Sushma Swaraj (born February 14, 1952) is a former union cabinet minister of India Lal Krishna Advani (लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी لال ڪرشنا آڏواڻي also known as Lal Kishenchand Advani (Sindhi लाल किशनचंद Rajiv Gandhi राजीव गांधी (raːdʒiːv gaːnd̪ʰiː born in Bombay, (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991 the elder son of Indira and Feroze Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the [5]

The defeat was incomprehensible to most pollsters and political analysts, who assumed that the BJP would win on the basis of Vajpayee's widespread popularity, the national economic boom and the revival of the peace process with Pakistan. Following the defeat, there was a perception amongst parts of the party cadre that the party had expected victory to come easy and thus volunteers of the organisation had not worked hard enough to canvass voters and recruit supporters, and that the political campaign of BJP had remained confined to television, radio and SMS (mobile phones). There was also a belief that socio-religious organizations close to the BJP (the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Vishwa Hindu Parishad), offered little assistance in these elections, due to the BJP government's non-pursuit of the Ayodhya temple issue, uniform civil code, and other ideological staples, and the attitude of many BJP leaders that the BJP did not require their aid to be successful. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ National Volunteers' Organisation) also known as the Sangh or Viśva Hindū Pariṣad ( Devanāgarī: विश्व हिन्दु परिषद World Hindu Council widely Independent analysts saw the defeat arising from a backlash by large classes of people who had not benefitted from the economic growth as well as a failure by the party to secure strong allies. The BJP slogan of "India Shining" and the "Feel Good Factor" boomeranged. India Shining was a political slogan referring to the overall feeling of economic optimism in India after plentiful rains in 2003 and the success of the Indian IT boom The most plausible theory is that India's elections are still on the basis of local factors. The BJP did incredibly well in states where it had recently won or where there was anti-incumbency (I. E. Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Karnataka, Rajastan, Chattisgarh), but was badly beaten in states where it tied up with unpopular ruling parties (I. E. the AIADMK in Tamil Nadu and TDP in Andhra Pradesh). Caste combinations were another factor in its loss.

BJP election poster 2004 in Bengali.
BJP election poster 2004 in Bengali.

Key Events:

2004:

2005:

2006

2007

2008

Ideology

The BJP is a religious conservative political organisation. It sees itself as rising to the defence of Indian culture, and Indian religious systems which include Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices To many Hindu nationalists, Bharat is a Hindu Rashtra, literally a Hindu nation. Hindu nationalism is a nationalist Ideology that sees the modern State of the Republic of India as a Hindu Polity

According to BJP, this definition does not exclude Muslims or Christians. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Hindu Rashtra is portrayed as cultural nationalism and Hinduism as the entire complex system of culture, history, faith and worship that have evolved in India over the past thousands of years. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. In the political language of Hindu nationalists, all the peoples of India, their cultures and heritage are "Hindu," which literally means "inhabitant of the land of the river Sindhu," the modern-day Indus. The Indus River { Sanskrit: सिन्धु Sindhu; Urdu: urd {{Nastaliq سندھ}} Sindh; Sindhi: snd

While the draft manifestation of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (The organization that spawned the BJP) mentions the "Hindu Rashtra", the BJP has historically raised objections to this view. The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (abbreviated BJS and often known simply as the Jan Sangh existed from 1951 to 1980 whereupon it was succeeded by the Bharatiya Janata Party, one of The party's chief objective is the "building up of India as a modern, progressive and enlightened nation" which draws inspiration from India's ancient Hindu culture and values. The key theorist of the party, K. Upadhyaya, authored the publication titled Integral humanism which laid down the foundations for this view. Integral humanism is the Political philosophy practised by the Bharatiya Janata Party and the former Bharatiya Jana Sangh of India. According to Upadhyaya, the so-called "monarch" and "state" are the dharma and the chiti (genius) of society. The Sanskrit term ( Devanāgarī: धर्म Pali transliteration dhamma) is an Indian spiritual and religious He asserted that the very source of meaning in Indian society is the concept of "national identity". The BJP stresses the importance of integrating the four ends of human life in accordance with Hindu scripture ie, kama (gratification), artha (wealth), dharma (faith), and moksha (spiritual release). Kāma ( Skt, Pali; Devanagari: काम is pleasure sensual gratification sexual fulfillment pleasure of the Senses, desire eros the aesthetic Artha ( Devanagari: अर्थ is a Sanskrit term meaning "purpose cause motive meaning notion" The Sanskrit term ( Devanāgarī: धर्म Pali transliteration dhamma) is an Indian spiritual and religious In Indian religions, Moksha ( Sanskrit: sa मोक्ष mokṣa) or Mukti ( Sanskrit: sa मुक्ति literally "release" [4]

The BJP has been accused of being a xenophobic and fascist organization by its opponents. Xenophobia is an intense and/or irrational dislike and sometimes fear of people from other countries Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Its supporters, on the other hand, argue that it is no more than a conservative, nationally-oriented party which does not wish to polarise the country on communal (religious) grounds. These accusations are largely regarded as a smear campaign against the BJP by left-wing pundits. In addition, accusations of "fascism" in BJP the Hindutva movement coming from the left wing parties and western academics such as Christophe Jaffrelot have been criticized by former professor of political philosophy[5] and Times of India commentator Jyotirmaya Sharma as a "simplistic transference [that] has done great injustice to our knowledge of Hindu nationalist politics". For Veer Savarkar's book see Hindutva (book. Hindutva (Devanagari हिन्दुत्व "Hinduness" a word coined by Vinayak The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. [6]

The life and work of the BJP is seen by many as strongly influenced by the Partition of India in 1947. The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire which led to the creation on August 14, 1947 and August 15, The partition was traumatic legacy for most religious communities in India. Millions migrated to find safety in one of the two new states. During the chaos surrounding partition over half a million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims, were killed in communal riots wake of horrendous carnage. The trauma of midnight evacuations of ancestral homes, and being forced to wade through murderous violence, chaos and confusion to despair and helplessness in a different land which became their home, has struck deep in the veins of Hindu nationalists.

Another important factor in the ideological construction of the ideology of BJP is the ongoing territorial dispute over Jammu and Kashmir and the wars of 1947-48, 1962, 1965, and 1971 and recently the 1999 Kargil War. ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Kargil ( Hindi: कारगील; kərɡɪl is a district of Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The BJP and its supporters feel India must remain vigilant against threats from Pakistan, the People's Republic of China, and elsewhere such as Bangladesh and even LTTE from Sri Lanka. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island

The BJP has often been accused of participation in religious violence and using religiously sensitive issues for political advantage. Many left wing journalists and observers feel that the BJP is a fascist organization with a clear anti-Muslim bias. However, the party has promoted a number of Muslims like Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, the late Sikandar Bakht and Dr. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi is a former Indian federal minister and Bharatiya Janata Party leader Sikander Bakht ( August 24, 1918 - February 23, 2004) was a Politician from Najma Heptulla into prominent leadership position, and even had a prominent member of the Indian Jewish community, J. F. R. Jacob, among their ranks. Dr Najma Heptulla is an Indian politician and Bharatiya Janata Party member of Parliament in India's Upper House ( Rajya Sabha) from Rajasthan. Indian Jews are a religious minority of India. Judaism was one of the first non- Dharmic religions to arrive in India in recorded history Lieutenant General JFR Jacob ( Jacob-Farj-Rafael Jacob) is a former Governor of the Indian states of Punjab and Goa and Lieutenant

Main article: Ram Janmabhoomi

BJP has certain demands and actions that are explicitly controversial, and give rise to charges of fomenting communal tensions. Ram Janmabhoomi (राम जन्मभूमि refers to a tract of land in the North Indian city of Ayodhya which is claimed by Hindu nationalists The Ram Janmabhoomi in Ayodhya is probably the most important of such issues. Ram Janmabhoomi (राम जन्मभूमि refers to a tract of land in the North Indian city of Ayodhya which is claimed by Hindu nationalists Ayodhya (अयोध्या IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district The site is believed by many Hindu's to be the birthplace of deity Ram. In 1528, the existing mandir was destroyed by a Mughal leader and replaced by the Babri Masjid. Demands for the replacement of the mosque with a temple existed since then, but the campaign became aggressive in the 1970s and 1980's. On December 6, 1992, emotional manipulation turned to violence as a parade of protestors burst upon the mosque and tore it down with pickaxes and shovels. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The resulting country-wide outburst of anger, murder, looting and burning resulted in over 1,000 deaths. In the aftermath of the communal violence many sectors felt that the secular fabric of India was threatened. The VHP was banned and Advani and other leaders of the BJP were arrested. Advani and Murli Manohar Joshi are two BJP leaders on a CBI chargesheet for the destruction. Murli Manohar Joshi was the Union Human Resources Development minister of India in the NDA government The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI is India 's premier investigating agency responsible for a wide variety of Criminal and National security matters Despite the arrests, the political power of BJP continued to grow rapidly.

BJP justifies the demolition of Babri Mosque on its website as follows:

Thus, the seeds of today's Hindu Jagriti (awakening) were created the very instance that an invader threatened the fabric of Hindu society which was religious tolerance. The vibrancy of Hindu society was noticeable at all times in that despite such barbarism from the Islamic hordes of central Asia and Turkey, Hindus never played with the same rules that Muslims did. . . The destruction of the structure at Ayodhya was the release of the history that Indians had not fully come to terms with. Thousands of years of anger and shame, so diligently bottled up by these same interests, was released when the first piece of the so-called Babri Masjid was torn down. . . The future of Bharat is set. Hindutva is here to stay. . . Hindutva will not mean any Hindu theocracy or theology. However, it will mean that the guiding principles of Bharat will come from two of the great teachings of the Vedas, the ancient Hindu and Indian scriptures. ”. [7]

Ideological Rift Between RSS and BJP

From the days of the Ayodhya movement, the BJP has had to adopt more realistic goals to remain politically viable and build alliances with regional parties, many which have taken a cautious stand towards the BJP's pursuit of Hindutva. For Veer Savarkar's book see Hindutva (book. Hindutva (Devanagari हिन्दुत्व "Hinduness" a word coined by Vinayak This has created a noticeable rift between the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Bharatiya Janata Party in ideological terms. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ National Volunteers' Organisation) also known as the Sangh or [8] The RSS, from where a good deal of BJP leaders have migrated, has sought the party to take a more aggressive stand on ideological issues such as the building of the Ayodhya mandir and the adoption of a Uniform Civil Code. Uniform Civil Code is a term which has originated from the concept of a Civil Law Code. It prefers a swadeshi economic model of "Hindu socialism" which is highly focused on self-sustenance and communal projects to help the common man. The Swadeshi ( Hindi: स्वदेशी movement, part of the Indian independence movement, was a successful economic strategy to remove the British Furthermore, the RSS is a strong proponent of mass governance, where party workers and ministers should come together to make decisions rather than having certain leaders with total power.

The BJP, while in power at the Centre, did not pursue ideological tenets such as Ayodhya or the Civil Code, to ensure that its allies continued their support. Economic policy under BJP-led governments at the state and centre has been heavily focused on infrastructure building and pro-reform, market-oriented economic growth. The party has seen the rise of regional 'personality' politicians with their own followers, and infighting amongst the central leaders has been publicized by the media. [9]The aggressive courtship of celebrities, industrialists, sportspersons and other popular figures by the BJP has been a bone of contention with the RSS. Furthermore, the increase in incidence of corruption by party members has once again publicized the straying of the party from its parent organization. After the BJP lost at the centre, some party leaders believed the reluctance of the RSS and its associate organizations to support an ideologically different party had led to the loss. This eventually led to the emergence of Rajnath Singh, a leader very close to the RSS, to the party President's post in 2006. [10]Unfortunately, his tactics of re-involving the RSS at every level of election management was disastrous in his native Uttar Pradesh, while strategies based around personality politics and economic reform led to victories in four other states that same year. Following this turn of events, the RSS publicly announced it would further limit its involvement in the BJP's decision-making process. [11]

Organisation

The BJP is one of the few parties in India to have a popular-based governing structure, where workers and leaders at the local level have a great say in much of the decision-making. This has also been blamed for public spats between different factions of the party.

The topmost leader in the party is supposed to be the party President. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Officially, the BJP constitution provides for a three-year term for the President. Recently, both Venkiah Naidu and LK Advani resigned ahead of schedule due to circumstances. Lal Krishna Advani (लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी لال ڪرشنا آڏواڻي also known as Lal Kishenchand Advani (Sindhi लाल किशनचंद Rajnath Singh has held this post since January 2006. Beyond this, there are several Vice-Presidents, General-Secretaries, Treasurers and Secretaries. The National Executive consists of an undetermined number of senior party leaders from across the nation who are the highest decision-making body in the party. At the state level, a similar structure is in place, with every state unit being led by the respective President, who also officially serves a three-year term.

The rank-and-file leadership of BJP largely derives from the cadre of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), which has millions of affiliates. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (राष्ट्रीय स्वयंसेवक संघ National Volunteers' Organisation) also known as the Sangh or It also maintains close links to other Sangh Parivar organisations, such as Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Swadeshi Jagran Manch (an organisation promoting consumption of domestic goods over foreign imports). Viśva Hindū Pariṣad ( Devanāgarī: विश्व हिन्दु परिषद World Hindu Council widely

Mass organisations associated with the BJP include:

Outside of India, BJP followers have formed the 'Overseas Friends of BJP'. The Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (अखिल भारतीय विद्यार्थी परिषद ABVP 'All-India Students' Council' is a youth political group Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha (Indian Popular Youth Front is the youth wing of Bharatiya Janata Party. The Bharatiya Kisan Sangh ( BKS: Indian Farmers' Union) is an Indian Farmers representative organization affiliated with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak The Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (Indian Workers' Union is the largest central Trade union organization in India.

Objectives and policies

As per the party's constitution the objectives of the party is explained as "the party is pledged to build up India as a strong and prosperous nation, which is modern, progressive and enlightened in outlook and which proudly draws inspiration from India's ancient culture and values and thus is able to emerge as a great world power playing an effective role in the comity of Nations for the establishment of world peace and a just international order.

The Party aims at establishing a democratic state which guarantees to all citizens irrespective of caste, creed or sex, political, social and economic justice, equality of opportunity and liberty of faith and expression.

The Party shall bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established and to the principles of socialism, secularism and democracy and would uphold the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India. "

The core agenda of BJP is inspired chiefly by Hindu nationalism. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Though not in order of importance, the chief goals of BJP include:

(1)The Repeal of Article 370 of the Constitution, which prevents non-Kashmiris, including Hindus who have fled the area due to increasing terrorism, from owning property in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India.

(2)The Promulgation of a Uniform Common Civil Code, which create only one personal and civil law code for Hindus, Muslims and Christians, who enjoy the privilege of having law codes tailored to their religious culture over personal and family matters. Uniform Civil Code is a term which has originated from the concept of a Civil Law Code. In the minds of BJP supporters, this system creates a sense of division in the country between religious communities.

(3)A Ban on Cow Slaughter, to honor the Hindu tradition of deeming cows and most cattle as sacred, and prohibiting the consumption of beef and pork. The term sacred cow has passed into the English language to mean an object or practice which is considered immune from criticism especially unreasonably so

(4)The Ban on Forcible Religious Conversions

(5)The Construction of the Ram Janmabhoomi temple in Ayodhya. Ram Janmabhoomi (राम जन्मभूमि refers to a tract of land in the North Indian city of Ayodhya which is claimed by Hindu nationalists Ayodhya (अयोध्या IAST Ayodhyā) is an ancient city of India, the old capital of Awadh, in the Faizabad district

(6)To achieve the full territorial and political integration of Jammu and Kashmir with India. History of Jammu Many historians and locals believe that Jammu was founded by Raja Jamboolochan in 14th century BC. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Presently over 40% of the territory is under the control of Pakistan and China. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

The BJP stands for strong national defense, small government and free-market economic policies, but Hindutva and Integral Humanism have been its core philosophy and identity ever since its inception. A Small government is one which minimizes its own activities In its "perfect" form it would confine itself to Foreign policy, Defense and Law A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers For Veer Savarkar's book see Hindutva (book. Hindutva (Devanagari हिन्दुत्व "Hinduness" a word coined by Vinayak The BJP stand on economic policies saw a sudden volte face in the mid nineties from a support of swadeshi products to the embracing of free market ideas. The Swadeshi ( Hindi: स्वदेशी movement, part of the Indian independence movement, was a successful economic strategy to remove the British


Organisation Leadership

President

Former Presidents

Leader of the Opposition, Rajya Sabha

Vice-Presidents (12)

General Secretaries (6)

Treasurer

Secretaries (11)

Chief Ministers and Deputy Chief Ministers

Notable Public Figures In The Party

The BJP has a number of prominent public figures among its members, who have either campaigned for, contested elections for or held office for the party. The induction of celebrities into the party helped the party receive extra attention from the media and the public, but it has also received criticism from others, who have claimed that the celebrities knew little about politics or would create an image of elitism for the party.

Heirs to prominent political families:

Current BJP Administrations in the States

BJP-ruled states
BJP-ruled states

BJP-Ruled States Without Outside Support

Head of a Coalition Government

Junior Partner in a Coalition With a National Democratic Alliance Partner (NDA)

Junior Partner in a Coalition With a Non National Democratic Alliance Partner (NDA)

Historically, the BJP has either led or allied to form state governments in: Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The National Democratic Alliance ( NDA) is a coalition of political parties in India. Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Janata Dal (United is a Political party in India with political presence mainly in Bihar and Karnataka. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. The Biju Janata Dal is a regional party of the Indian state of Orissa led by Naveen Patnaik, son of former state chief minister Biju Patnaik. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. Akali Dal, also called Shiromani Akali Dal ( Akali Religious Party) is a collection of Sikh Political parties mainly based in Punjab The National Democratic Alliance ( NDA) is a coalition of political parties in India. Nagaland ( Hindi: नागालैंड is a hill state located in the far north-eastern part of India. Meghalaya is a small state in north-eastern India. The word "Meghalaya" literally means "The Abode of Clouds" in Sanskrit and Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश   Aruṇācal Pradeś is the easternmost state of India Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Goa ( Konkani: गोंय /ɡɔ̃j/ is India 's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Haryana (हरियाणा Punjabi: ਹਰਿਆਣਾ hərɪjaːɳaː is a state in northern India. Himachal Pradesh ( Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश Punjabi: ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼ pronounced) is a state in the Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India Madhya Pradesh (abbreviated as MP) ( Hindī: मध्य प्रदेश pronounced, Translation: Middle Province) often Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Manipur (mnipur in Meitei Mayek) is a state in northeastern India, making its capital in the city of Meghalaya is a small state in north-eastern India. The word "Meghalaya" literally means "The Abode of Clouds" in Sanskrit and Nagaland ( Hindi: नागालैंड is a hill state located in the far north-eastern part of India. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Uttarakhand ( Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड or उत्तराखंड Uttar + Akhand i It has also held power in the Union Territory of Delhi, one of two Union Territories to have a Legislature. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population

The BJP has never taken part in a state government in: Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura and West Bengal, although in a few of these states, it has extended outside support to a ruling government. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city ( Dogri: जम्मू और कश्मीर Urdu: جموں و کشمیر is the northernmost state of India. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India. Sikkim ( Nepali:, also Sikhim) is a Landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas It is the least populous state in India Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. ( Bengali script: ত্রিপুরা is a state in North-East India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. In most of these states, it has at least won some local elections.

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ [2]
  3. ^ Along the Golden Quadrilateral, it's Vajpayee all the way
  4. ^ Smith, David James, Hinduism and Modernity P189, Blackwell Publishing ISBN 0-631-20862-3
  5. ^ Profile, Jyotirmaya Sharma
  6. ^ Hindu Nationalist Politics,J. List of Bharatiya Janata Party MPs in the 14th Lok Sabha 1 Advani Lal Krishna - Gandhinagar ( Gujarat) 2 Ahir Hansraj Gangaram - Sharma Times of India
  7. ^ "HINDUTVA: THE GREAT NATIONALIST IDEOLOGY", BJP. org. Retrieved on 2007-08-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River  
  8. ^ http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/16/stories/2005041603301000.htm The sangh parivar and the candid camera
  9. ^ http://www.flonnet.com/fl2301/stories/20060127004502700.htm A legacy of duplicity
  10. ^ http://www.flonnet.com/fl2223/stories/20051118003603300.htm A message from Chitrakoot
  11. ^ http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JA08Df04.html The colossus of Gujarat.
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