| Bernardo Bertolucci | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | March 16, 1940 Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| Years active | 1962 - 2003 |
| Spouse(s) | Adriana Asti (div. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Parma is a City in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna near Modena famous for its Architecture and the fine countryside around it Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Bologna. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The year 1962 in film involved some significant events Events Dr The year 2003 in film involved some significant events Releases of sequels took place with movies like 2 Fast 2 Furious, The Lord of the Rings The Return Adriana Asti (born April 30, 1933 in Milan) is an Italian actress ) Clare Peploe (1990-) |
Bernardo Bertolucci (born March 16, 1940) is an Italian writer and Academy Award winning film director. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film.
Contents |
Biography
Early years and family
Bernardo Bertolucci was born in the Italian city of Parma, in the region of Emilia Romagna. Parma is a City in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna near Modena famous for its Architecture and the fine countryside around it Emilia-Romagna is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. The capital is Bologna. He was the second son of his father Attilio, who was a poet, a reputed art historian, anthologist and also a film critic. Attilio Bertolucci ( November 18, 1911 - June 14, 2000) was an Italian poet and writer Having been raised in such an environment, Bertolucci began writing at the age of fifteen, and soon after received several prestigious literary prizes including the Premio Viareggio for his first book. His father's background helped his career: the elder Bertolucci had helped the Italian filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini publish his first novel, and Pasolini reciprocated by hiring Bertolucci as first assistant in Rome on Accattone (1961). Pier Paolo Pasolini ( March 5, 1922 – November 2, 1975) was an Italian Poet, Intellectual, Film director Accattone is a 1961 Italian Film written and directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. But Bertolucci's potential had already been noticed by others, such as Sergio Leone, who asked him to write the storyline for Once Upon a Time in the West. Sergio Leone ( January 3, 1929 &ndash April 30, 1989) was an Italian Film director. Once Upon a Time in the West ( Italian title C'Era una Volta il West) is a 1968 epic Spaghetti Western Leone later rejected it as too cerebral for an American audience. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Bertolucci has two brothers: the film producer Giovanni (b. 24 June 1940) and the theatre director and playwright Giuseppe (b. 27 February 1947).
His first wife was Adriana Asti, star of his early film Prima della rivoluzione. Adriana Asti (born April 30, 1933 in Milan) is an Italian actress In 1978 he married Clare Peploe, a British screenwriter who has since directed a few films as well.
First film
Bertolucci initially wished to become a poet like his father. With this goal in mind, he attended the Faculty of Modern Literature of the University of Rome from 1958 to 1961. Sapienza University of Rome ( Italian Sapienza Università di Roma) is a coeducational autonomous state university in Rome, Italy As noted above, this is where his film career as an assistant director to Pasolini began. Shortly after, Bertolucci left the University without graduating. In 1962, at the age of 21, he directed his first feature film, La commare secca (1962) The film is a short murder mystery, following a prostitute's homicide. La commare secca (literally " The Grim Reaper " is the 1962 Italian film written and directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, based Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bertolucci uses flashbacks to piece together the crime and the person who committed it. The film which shortly followed was his acclaimed Before the Revolution (Prima della rivoluzione, 1964). Before the Revolution ( Prima della rivoluzione) is a 1964 Italian film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.
The boom of Italian cinema, which gave Bertolucci his start, slowed in the 1970s as directors were forced to co-produce their films with several of the American, Swedish, French, and German companies and actors due to the effects of the global economic recession on the Italian film industry. The history of Italian cinema began just a few months after the Lumière brothers had discovered the medium when Pope Leo XIII was filmed This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. It has been speculatedthat this is the point in its history at which Italian cinema began to depend upon the international market.
Collaboration with co-producers
In order both to finance them and to appear competitive in the now-international entertainment industry, directors were increasingly forced to co-produce their films with foreign companies and Bertolucci was no exception.
Last Tango in Paris (1972), starring Marlon Brando and Maria Schneider, exemplified the new trend for Italian movies to attempt to make more money by employing foreign actors in starring roles: Last Tango in Paris included only one Italian actor, Massimo Girotti, in a main role. Last Tango in Paris ( Ultimo Tango a Parigi) is a 1973 film directed by Italian Bernardo Bertolucci which tells the story of Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Marlon Brando Jr (April 3 1924 – July 1 2004 was an Academy Award -winning American Actor, whose body of work spanned over half a century Maria Schneider (born March 27, 1952 in Paris) is a French actress who is most famous for playing "Jeanne" opposite Massimo Girotti ( 18 May 1918 - 5 January 2003) was an Italian film actor whose career spanned seven decades Bertolucci's 1900 (1976), starring Burt Lancaster, Donald Sutherland, Robert de Niro, and Gérard Depardieu, is often said to mark the point at which the Italian film industry's dependence on the international market began to contribute to the disintegration of its national identity, although the film itself is entirely focused on an Italian theme: it chronicles the lives of two men during the political turmoils that took place in Italy in the first half on the 20th century. Not to be confused with the 1998 film Legend of 1900 1900 (original Italian title Novecento) is Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Burton Stephen "Burt" Lancaster ( 2 November &ndash 20 October) was an American film Actor and star noted for his athletic physique Donald McNicol Sutherland OC (born July 17, 1935) is a Canadian Actor with a film career spanning over 50 years Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer Gérard Xavier Marcel Depardieu CQ (born 27 December 1948) is one of France's most prominent actors Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The twentieth century of the Common Era began on
Politics
Bertolucci might not regret this disintegration: he is actively political, and a professed Marxist. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Like Visconti, who similarly employed many foreign artists during the late 1960s, Bertolucci uses his films to express his political views; hence they are often autobiographical as well as highly controversial. Luchino Visconti di Modrone, Count of Lonate Pozzolo ( November 2, 1906 - March 17, 1976) was an Italian His political films were preceded by others re-evaluating history. The Conformist (1970) criticised Fascist ideology, touched upon the relationship between nationhood and nationalism, as well as issues of popular taste and collective memory, all amid an international plot by Mussolini to assassinate a professor of politics in Paris, France. The Conformist ( Il conformista) ( 1970) is a political film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology 1900 also analyses the struggle of Left and Right. Not to be confused with the 1998 film Legend of 1900 1900 (original Italian title Novecento) is The 1987 epic The Last Emperor (recently re-released at an extended 219 minutes) allowed Bertolucci to influence politics both through his characters and through the act of making the film itself. The Last Emperor is a Biopic about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China, whose autobiography was the basis for the screenplay He was granted unprecedented permission to film in the Forbidden City of Beijing, and the film's central character Pu Yi undergoes a decade-long communist re-education under Mao which takes him from the peacock colours of the palace to the grey suit worn by his contemporaries to live out his life as a gardener. The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial Palace from the mid- Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. Puyi ( ( February 7, 1906 &ndash October 17, 1967) of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro ruling family was the last Emperor Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led
Evaluation
Many critics see the defining characteristics of Bertolucci's films to comprise of three things, sex, politics and cinephilia. The word critic comes from the Greek el κριτικός ( el-Latn kritikós) "able to discern" which in turn derives from the word Last Tango in Paris examines sex in an extremely carnal and disturbed way. It is seen as an erotic film which opened the door to eroticism in general-release films. The Conformist is based political themes, more specifically, fascism, and the relationship between personal comfort and ideals. The Conformist ( Il conformista) ( 1970) is a political film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. The film deals with Fascist Italy and can be seen as both artistic and intellectual. This film is thought to demonstrate his excellence as a director. While he has directed, written, or been otherwise involved in dozens of movies over five decades, and his range is extremely broad, these themes nonetheless figure prominently throughout his work, especially in his most noted and most recent releases. Stealing Beauty offers little heterogeneity and The Dreamers manages to include all three subject matters and little else. Stealing Beauty is a 1996 Italian / French / British Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci and written by Bertolucci The Dreamers is a 2003 British / French Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Whether this narrowness is Bertolucci's intent or merely a symptom of the narrowness some critics accuse him of, he has used the controversy aroused by his films iconoclastically to encourage people to reconsider themselves and their society; he is often considered successful in pushing back the boundaries of propriety. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Bertolucci enthusiasts will also notice the similarities between characters in films, particularly in the two most recent (Stealing Beauty, 1996, and The Dreamers, 2003). Stealing Beauty is a 1996 Italian / French / British Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci and written by Bertolucci For example, the two female leads in both films (Liv Tyler and Eva Green), are fair of skin, slender, dark haired and blue eyed. Liv Rundgren Tyler She is the first born daughter of Bebe Buell, a model singer and former Playboy Playmate (Miss November 1974 and Steven Tyler, the lead Eva Gaëlle Green The daughter of actress Marlène Jobert, Green performed in theatre before making her film debut in The Dreamers (2003 which generated Both characters are heavy smokers during the fashionable ages of youth, and both are shown losing their virginities at the age of nineteen (the same age of actress Maria Schneider during the production of Last Tango in Paris). Last Tango in Paris ( Ultimo Tango a Parigi) is a 1973 film directed by Italian Bernardo Bertolucci which tells the story of Tyler, Green and Schneider appear in full frontal nude scenes. In both Stealing Beauty and The Dreamers, Bertolucci speaks of 'proof of love,' using almost the exact same lines each time. Stealing Beauty is a 1996 Italian / French / British Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci and written by Bertolucci
In The Dreamers, the character Isabelle declares she was born in 1959, even though the film is set in the late sixties. This line is not to be taken literally; it is a reference to Jean-Luc Godard's film Breathless (1959) as the character then proceeds to renact a famous scene from the Godard film. Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague Breathless (French À bout de souffle; literally "out of breath" is a 1960 Film directed by Jean-Luc Godard
Spiritualism, certainty, and self-doubt
Bertolucci also has a talent for putting the human soul under the microscope. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are Psychoanalysis is as central to his films as it is to Woody Allen's, and Marlon Brando claimed that Bertolucci's sharing of psychoanalytical confidences with the star on the set of Last Tango in Paris helped elicit the performance that many consider Brando's best. Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1 1935 is an American Film director, Writer, Actor, Comedian, and Last Tango in Paris ( Ultimo Tango a Parigi) is a 1973 film directed by Italian Bernardo Bertolucci which tells the story of Bertolucci himself is also known for the number of psychologists who have followed him everywhere, even interpreting his dreams, as a subject of dissertations and research on the creative artist. His interest in understanding the human condition has led to the many explicit scenes in his films.
Last Tango in Paris presents Marlon Brando's character Paul as he finds comfort in an anonymous affair after the death of his wife in violent circumstances. Last Tango in Paris ( Ultimo Tango a Parigi) is a 1973 film directed by Italian Bernardo Bertolucci which tells the story of The film caused controversy in Italy for a sodomy scene, and it was sequestered by the censorship commission and all copies were ordered destroyed. Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor An Italian court revoked Bertolucci's civil rights for five years and gave him a four-month suspended prison sentence. Many years after, when the general modesty had changed and the censorship commission had been abolished, the film reappeared (because Bertolucci had kept a clandestine copy) and was projected in a slightly censored version.
In this and other films, Bertolucci examines the power of sexual relations in people's lives. Stealing Beauty gives a visual account of a girl growing into a woman during a summer abroad. Stealing Beauty is a 1996 Italian / French / British Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci and written by Bertolucci His latest work, The Dreamers, has been criticised not only for its extensive sex scenes but also for the inclusion of male masturbation. The Dreamers is a 2003 British / French Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. In it, the sexual relations of three main characters serve to expose their thoughts. For instance, when Theo is shown to masturbate it is in the context that the one he loves the most, his sister, seems to be growing away from him and he can see the development of a relationship between the newcomer and his sister that excludes him. The film hints at a relationship between brother and sister, a relationship that borders on incest. Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo. The chaos in ordered family relationships mirrors the chaos on the streets outside as France experiences the turbulent May 1968 days of the student revolt. For other events in May 1968 see 1968.
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Academy Award
In 1987, Bertolucci directed the epic The Last Emperor, which was a biographical film that told the life story of Aisin-Gioro Puyi, the last Emperor of China. The Last Emperor is a Biopic about the life of Puyi, the last Emperor of China, whose autobiography was the basis for the screenplay Aisin Gioro was the clan name of the Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty (as well as the later short-lived regime in Manchukuo) Puyi ( ( February 7, 1906 &ndash October 17, 1967) of the Manchu Aisin-Gioro ruling family was the last Emperor China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Bertolucci won the Academy Award for Best Director. The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to The movie starred John Lone, Joan Chen, Peter O'Toole, Ruocheng Ying, Victor Wong, Dennis Dun, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Maggie Han, Ric Young, Vivian Wu, and Chen Kaige. John Lone ( born October 13, 1952 as 吳國良 is an American Actor. Joan Chong Chen (Chinese name; Pinyin: Chén Chōng born April 26 1961 is a four-time Golden Horse, Asian Film Awards, AFI Award, Film Peter O'Toole (born 2 August 1932) is an Irish and British actor who achieved instant stardom in 1962 playing T Ying Ruocheng Chinese 英若诚 (June 21 1929 - December 27 2003 Manchu people, was a Chinese actor director playwright and Vice Minister of Culture from 1986 Victor Wong ( July 30, 1927 &ndash September 12, 2001) ( Chinese: 黃[[wikt 自|自]] 強; Pinyin: Dennis Dun (born April 19 1952 is a Chinese American actor from Stockton California, currently residing in Los Angeles Maggie Han (born 1959 is an Asian-American actress who has appeared in numerous films and television productions Vivian Wu ( Pinyin: Wū Jūnméi) is an Actress. She was born in Shanghai, China on 1 January 1966 (on Chen Kaige ( (born August 12, 1952) is a Chinese Film director and a leading figure of the fifth generation of Chinese cinema. The movie was written by Mark Peploe and Bernardo Bertolucci. The Last Emperor uses Pu Yi's life as a mirror that reflects China's passage from feudalism through revolution to its current state. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turnaround" is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively
The Last Emperor won all 9 Academy Awards for which it was nominated: Best Picture, Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Best Cinematography, Best Costume Design, Best Director, Best Film Editing, Best Music, Original Score, Best Sound and Best Writing, Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium. The Academy Award for Best Motion Picture is one of the Awards of Merit presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to artists working The Academy Awards are the oldest awards ceremony for achievements in motion pictures. The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is an Academy Award awarded each year to a Cinematographer for work in one particular Motion picture. This Academy Award was first given for movies made in 1948 when separate awards were given for black-and-white and color movies The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to The Academy Award for Film Editing was first given for films issued in 1934 The Academy Award for Original Music Score is presented to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically The Academy Award for Sound Mixing is an Academy Award that recognizes the finest or most euphonic Sound mixing or recording The Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay is one of the Academy Awards, the most prominent Film awards in the United States
The Last Emperor was the first feature film ever authorized by the government of the People's Republic of China to film in the Forbidden City. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial Palace from the mid- Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. Bertolucci had proposed the film to the Chinese government as one of two possible projects. The other film was La Condition Humaine by André Malraux. Written by André Malraux in 1933 La Condition humaine, or Man's Fate is a novel about the failed communist revolution that took place André Malraux (3 November 1901 – 23 November 1976 was a French Author, adventurer and Statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture The Chinese government preferred The Last Emperor, and made no restrictions on the content. The Last Emperor became the first western film made in China and about the country to be produced with full Chinese government cooperation since 1949.
Upcoming Projects
He is currently said to be working on a biopic of 16th Century classical musician (and murderer) Carlo Gesualdo. This article is about the composer for the Italian town see Gesualdo (town. It is also known that frequent Bertolucci collaborator Mark Peploe worked on the screenplay at some point. See also Pre-production Screenwriting A screenplay or script is a written plan authored by a Screenwriter, for a Film or Television Its previous titles include Heaven and Hell and Love Song.
His other prospective project, an adaptation of the Ann Patchett novel Bel Canto, is said to be on the backburner. Ann Patchett (born December 2, 1963) is an American author She received the Orange Prize for Fiction and the PEN/Faulkner Award Bel Canto is a 2001 Novel by American author Ann Patchett, published by Perennial an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers
He mentioned in a recent interview with The Guardian newspaper in connection with the re-release of The Conformist that it was persistent back problems which have prevented him thus far from following up 2003's The Dreamers . The Dreamers is a 2003 British / French Drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci.
Filmography
- La commare secca (1962)
- Before the Revolution (Prima della rivoluzione, 1962)
- La via del petrolio (1965)
- Il Canale (1966)
- Partner (1968)
- Amore e rabbia (1969, episode "il Fico Infruttuoso")
- Inchiesta, L' (1971) (TV))
- La strategia del ragno (Spider's Stratagem, 1970)
- Il conformista (The Conformist, 1970)
- Ultimo tango a Parigi (Last Tango in Paris, 1973)
- 1900 (Novecento, 1976)
- La Luna (Luna, 1979)
- La tragedia di un uomo ridicolo (1981)
- L'ultimo imperatore (The Last Emperor, 1987)
- The Sheltering Sky, (1990)
- Little Buddha (1993)
- Stealing Beauty (Io ballo da sola, 1996)
- Besieged (1998)
- Ten Minutes Older: The Cello (2002)
- The Dreamers (2003)
| Preceded by Oliver Stone for Platoon | Academy Award for Best Director 1987 for The Last Emperor | Succeeded by Barry Levinson for Rain Man |
| Preceded by Jean-Jacques Annaud for Der Name der Rose | César Award for Best Foreign Film 1988 for The Last Emperor | Succeeded by Percy Adlon for Out of Rosenheim |
See also
External links
- Bernardo Bertolucci at the Internet Movie Database
- Bilge Ebiri, "Bernardo Bertolucci" article from Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database, September 2004
- Bernardo Bertolucci filmography, etc. from "They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?"
- The religious affiliation of Bernardo Bertolucci
- Jeremy Isaacs, "Face to Face: Bernardo Bertolucci", BBC interview, September 1989
- Roger Ebert, review, The Last Emperor, Chicago Sun-Times, December 9, 1987
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bertolucci, Bernardo |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Film director |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1941-3-16 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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